2020版高考英语新课标大二轮专题辅导与增分攻略 专题四　七选五阅读填空4-3第三讲段中设空题 WORD版含答案.docx

1、第三讲段中设空题Step1 典题感悟高考名题这样考(2019全国卷)In an online class, developing healthy patterns of communication with professors is very important. _1_ While I have only listed two of each, there are obviously many other situations that can arise. Students should be able to extend the logic(逻辑) of each to their p

2、articular circumstance.Dos_2_ Questions about subject content are generally welcomed. Before asking questions about the course design, read the syllabus(教学大纲) and learning management system information to be sure the answer isnt hiding in plain sight.Participate in discussion forums(论坛), blogs and o

3、ther openended forums for dialogue. _3_ Be sure to stay on topic and not offer irrelevant information. Make a point, and make it safe for others to do the same.DontsDont share personal information or stories. Professors are not trained nurses, financial aid experts or your best friends. If you are i

4、n need of a deadline extension, simply explain the situation to the professor. _4_Dont openly express annoyance at a professor or class. _5_ When a student attacks a professor on the social media, the language used actually says more about the student. If there is truly a concern about a professors

5、professionalism or ability, be sure to use online course evaluations to calmly offer your comments.AThats what they are for.BTurn to an online instructor for help.CIf more information is needed, they will ask.DRemember that online professors get a lot of emails.EBelow are some common dos and donts f

6、or online learners.FEveryone has taken a notsogreat class at one time or another.GAsk questions, but make sure they are good, thoughtful questions.语篇解读：本文为说明文。在网络课堂上，与教授建立健康的交流模式是非常重要的，作者在文中列举了一些规矩与禁忌。1解析根据文章段落结构和本段首句In an online class, developing healthy patterns of communication with professors is

7、 very important.可知，在网络课堂上，与教授建立健康交流模式是非常重要的，作者在下文中列举了一些规矩与禁忌，故选项 E符合语境。答案E2解析根据Questions about subject content are generally welcomed.(与课程内容相关的问题是受欢迎的。)可知，与 G项“make sure they are good, thoughtful questions”相呼应，要提一些好的令人深思的问题，故选G。答案G3解析根据Participate in discussion forums(论坛), blogs and other openended

8、forums for dialogue.可知，要参与论坛讨论、博客和其他开放式的对话论坛。而这正是网络课堂采用的交流的途径，故选A。答案A4解析根据 Professors are not trained nurses, financial aid experts or your best friends.(教授不是训练有素的护士，不是经济援助专家，也不是你最好的朋友。)可知，不要分享个人信息或故事，如果他们需要更多信息的话，他们会主动问起的，故选项 C符合语境。答案C5解析通读本段，并根据本段主题句Dont openly express annoyance at a professor or

9、class.告诫读者，每个人都可能曾经上过不太好的课，不要在社交媒体上攻击教授，不要公开表达对教授或班级的不满，要利用课程评价冷静地提出你的意见。选项 F符合上下文语境。答案FStep2 增分攻略献计献策献妙招一、题型解读段中设空即主题句的展开句。尤其注意分析空前后的逻辑关系和行文逻辑及内容的连贯性，注意各句间的衔接手段。其特点主要以转折手法引出主题句，或者是用来承上启下的过渡句，也可能是补充前文具体的事实、事例和说明。二、设空特点1细节句：注意段落中的细节句，做题时很重要的一点是保持对一些线索词的敏感，最主要的线索特征词是空白前后的名词和动词，寻找答案时注意在选项中查找同义词、近义词、反义词

10、或表示同一类事物的词语等。其次是代词、数词、表示时间/年代的词、地点/名称等专有名词等。尤其是在读不懂句子的情况下，利用这样的线索词寻找答案是很有效的方法。2过渡句：出现过渡句，要前瞻后望找启示，即阅读上一句或上一段结尾部分，通常把正确答案与上一句或上一段结尾部分有机的衔接起来，并结合下一句或下一段内容，看所选的答案是否将两句或两段内容连贯起来。三、七选五段中设空题解题技巧段中设空即主题句的展开句。尤其注意分析空前后的逻辑关系和行文逻辑及内容的连贯性，注意句间的衔接手段。其特点主要以转折手法引出主题句，或者是用来承上启下的过渡句，也可能是补充前文具体的事实、事例和说明。因此第一步需要依据信息词

11、将选项进行排除之后，把剩下的几个可能正确的选项依次代入设空处，最终判断和确定一个选项和空白处前后内容能达到语意连贯，逻辑关系清晰，于是得出了正确答案。下面列举常考的依据逻辑关系设置的考题。1根据并列或递进关系解题并列或递进关系主要指英语行文中后句对前句是一种顺承逻辑关系。如果空格前后两句话之间有first(第一), second(第二)，third(第三)；firstly(第一，首先)，secondly(第二，其次)，thirdly(第三)；first(首先)，next(其次)，then(那么，然后)；in the first place(第一，首先)，for another(其次)；to b

12、egin with(首先，第一)，to conclude(最后)等连接词或词组，则表明前后两句是逻辑上的并列关系，空格处很有可能是个并列的句子。如果空格前后两句之间有also(也，而且)，further(进一步地，而且)，furthermore(而且，此外)，likewise(同样地，也)，similarly(相同地，类似地)，moreover(而且，此外)，in addition(另外)，whats more(更重要的是)，not only. but also(不但而且)等连接词或词组，则表明前后两句是逻辑上的递进关系，空格处很有可能是个递进的句子。典例1(2016全国卷)Recall(回忆

13、) your childhood memoriesOur model of what a garden should be often goes back to childhood. Grandmas rose garden and Dads vegetable garden might be good or bad, but thats not whats important. _39_how being in those gardens made us feel. If youd like to build a powerful bond with your garden, start b

14、y taking some time to recall the gardens of your youth. For each of those gardens, write down the strongest memory you have. Then go outside and work out a plan to translate your childhood memories into your grownup garden. Have fun.CIts our experience of the garden that matters解析空格前说“但那一点不重要”，由此可推测

15、空格处会指出什么才是重要的，前后为顺承逻辑关系，C项“我们做园艺工作的体验才是重要的”符合题意。故选C项。答案C2根据转折或让步关系解题转折或让步关系主要指英语行文中后句对前句构成逆转逻辑关系。如果空格前后两句话之间有however(然而), nevertheless(然而，不过)，still(还，仍然)，though(可是，不过，然而)，yet(然而)，on the contrary(正相反)，in contrast(与此相反，相比之下)，in comparison(比较起来，与比较)，by comparison(相比之下)等连接词，则表明前后两句话是逻辑上的逆转，空格处很有可能表示转折或让

16、步关系。典例2(2017全国卷)I was, nevertheless, talked into going on another funfilled holiday in the wilderness. _38_ Instead，we had a popup camper with comfortable beds and an air conditioner. My natureloving friends had remembered to bring all the necessities of life.AThis time there was no tent.解析根据后文转折副词i

17、nstead后的描述“我们这次有野营车，里面有舒服的床和空调”可知，这次的野营没有帐篷，故选A项。答案A3根据因果关系解题如果前后的句子之间出现as a result(结果)，thus/therefore(因此)，so/such.that(如此以至于)等标志性词语，表明前后句有着因果关系。典例3(2013全国卷)If you find a public speaking course that looks as though its going to give you lots of dos and donts, walk away! Your brain is so full of what

18、 youre going to be talking about. _54_. As far as were concerned, there are basically no hard and fast rules about public speaking. Your audience can be your friends.GSo trying to force a whole set of rules into it will just make things worse解析本题可利用因果关系解题。空格前面一句“Your brain is so full of what youre g

19、oing to be talking about.(你的大脑充满了要谈的内容。)”表示原因，而G项中的So在此处表示结果。故选G项。答案G4根据解释例证关系解题前后句的某句是为了证明另一句而举的例子。例证的形式具有多样性，思维过程基本是归纳(从例子到观点)和演绎(从观点到例子)。典例4(2016全国卷)There are three main types of cryptography. _37_ For example，the first letters of “My elephant eats too many eels” spell out the hidden message “Mee

20、t me.”EYou can hide a message by having the first letters of each word spell it out.解析本题可利用解释例证关系解题。本题采用的思维方式是演绎(从观点到例子)，空格后的句子是例子，即“For example, the first letters of My elephant eats too many eels spell out the hidden messageMeet me.”。故选E项(你可以拼写每个单词的第一个字母来隐藏信息)。答案EStep3 刷题训练练稳练准练速度A(2019武邑中学期末)Mill

21、ions of people all over the world use the word OK. In fact, some people say the word is used more often than any other word in the world. OK means all right or acceptable. It expresses agreement or approval. _1_ Some people say it came from the Native American Indian tribe known as the Choctaw(乔克托语)

22、. The Choctaw word “okeh”means the same as the American word okay. Experts say early explorers in the American west spoke the Choctaw language in the nineteenth century. But many people doubt this. Language expert Allen Walker Read wrote about the word “OK”in reports published in the 1960s. He said

23、the word began being used in the 1830s._2_ Some foreignborn people wrote “all correct”as “ollkorrect”， and used the letters OK.Other people say a railroad worker named Obadiah Kelly invented the word long ago. They said he put the first letters of his nameO and Kon each object people gave him to sen

24、d on the train. _3_ The organization supported Martin Van Buren for president in 1840. They called their group the OK club. The letters were taken from the name of the town where Martin was bornOld Kinderhook, New York. Then there is the expression AOK. It is a spaceage expression. It was used in 19

25、61 during the flight of astronaut Alan Shepard. He was the first American to be launched into space. His flight ended when his spacecraft landed in the ocean, as planned. Shepard reported, “Everything is AOK.”_4_ One story says it was first used during the early days of the telephone to tell an oper

26、ator that a message had been received. There are also funny ways to say okay. _5_ These expressions were first used in the 1930s.Today, a character on the American television series “The Simpsons”says it another way.He says okelydoke.ASome people say okeydokey or okeydoke.BStill others say a politic

27、al organization invented the word.CTherefore, it has become popular in that area from then on.DBut many experts dont agree on what the expression means.E. Still, language experts do not agree about where the word came from.FIt was a short way of writing a different spelling of the word “all correct”

28、GHowever, some experts say the expression did not begin with the space age.语篇解读：文章讲述的是关于OK的来源问题。1解析根据后文的Some people say it came from the Native American Indian tribe可知，该处讲述的是关于该单词的来源问题。本题的关键词是came from。答案E2解析根据后文的Some foreignborn people wrote “all correct”as“ollkorrect”可知，此处讲的是all correct。本题的关键词是all

29、 correct。答案F3解析根据The organization supported Martin Van Buren for president；their group the OK Club可知，此处讲的是关于政治方面的事情，即political organization。答案B4解析该句话前面讲述的是He was the first American to be launched into space.His flight ended when his spacecraft landed in the ocean，和G中的space age相对应。答案G5解析根据He says oke

30、lydoke可知A项符合。答案AB(2019河南实验中学期中)For the love of readingThe importance of nurturing(培养) young children as readers has become more and more apparent. Here are four ways to help your child become a reader.Read aloud.A sixyear study found reading aloud to children every day puts them almost a year ahead

31、of children who do not receive daily readalouds. _1_ Using texts above the childrens levels gives them the chance to hear highlevel vocabulary and absorb complex language structures. Reading aloud below their levels also allows them to relax and enjoy beloved texts.Encourage close reading from the y

32、oungest age.2_ Use picture book illustrations to strike up deeper questions and conversations. Ask questions you dont know the answers to so that children will be able to answer in ways that reflect their own ideas.3_Entering the world of stories and knowledge should feel like an exciting discovery

33、process. Create visual ways to track the journey. From a reading minute tracker to a “words we learned”or “our big ideas”chart, we can use these visuals to pause for “hip hiphooray(欢呼)”moments.Honor each childs unique identity.Children become great readers by finding connections as they read. _4_ “I

34、 notice you like books where animals are the main characters.”“I notice you like books where girls are strong characters.”Even the youngest child will begin to recognize that each persons reading choices matter.5_ A child who sees reading as a lifelong, constant companion is more likely to have a li

35、fetime of success.AIt is a way to bathe children in the power of the written words.BName what you notice about why a child is drawn to a text.CYoung children can read early and should be reading all year.DHand them a pen when it is necessary.EWe can do this by asking them questions.FMake the journey

36、 a celebration.GThe child builds the knowledge that is necessary for being a reader.语篇解读：这是一篇说明文。文章作者就如何培养儿童的阅读兴趣提出几点建议。1解析该空引出下文，A选项“这是一种让孩子沐浴在文字力量中的方式。”切题，故选A。答案A2解析该空引出下文，E选项“我们可以通过问他们问题来做到这一点。”切题，故选E。答案E3解析这一段中发现关键词track the journey，可知这一段落的标题应该是让旅行成为一种庆祝，故选F。答案F4解析该空引出下文，B选项“说出你注意到的关于为什么孩子会被吸引到文

37、本中的内容。”切题，故选B。答案B5解析该空引出下文，C选项“小孩子可以很早就开始阅读，而且应该全年都在阅读。”切题，故选C。答案C专题强化训练(二十八)A(2019天水市第一中学期末)If anyone had told me three years ago that I would be spending most of my weekends camping, I would have laughed heartily. Campers, in my eyes, were people who enjoyed insect bites, illcooked meals, and unco

38、mfortable sleeping bags. They had nothing in common with me. _1_The friends who introduced me to camping thought that it meant to be a pioneer. _2_ We slept in a tent, cooked over an open fire, and walked a long distance to take the shower and use the bathroom. This brief visit with Mother Nature co

39、st me two days off from work, recovering from a bad case of sunburn and the doctors bill for my sons food poisoning.I was, nevertheless, talked into going on another funfilled holiday in the wilderness. _3_ Instead, we had a popup camper with comfortable beds and an air conditioner. My natureloving

40、friends had remembered to bring all the necessities of life.4_ We have done a lot of it since. Recently, we bought a twentyeightfoot travel trailer complete with a bathroom and a builtin TV set. There is a separate bedroom, a modern kitchen with a refrigerator. The trailer even has matching carpet a

41、nd curtains.5_ It must be true that sooner or later, everyone finds his or her way back to nature. I recommend that you find your way in style.AThis time there was no tent.BThings are going to be improved.CThe trip they took me on was a rough one.DI was to learn a lot about camping since then, howev

42、er.EI must say that I have certainly come to enjoy camping.FAfter the trip, my family became quite interested in camping.GThere was no shade as the trees were no more than 3 feet tall.语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了自己近三年来逐渐改变了对野营的看法，从以前对野营活动嗤之以鼻，经过几次野营后慢慢喜欢上了野营，最后表达野营将逐渐成为人类回归自然的很好方式，建议人们找到属于自己的方式。1解析该题是首段尾句，是第

43、一段和后边所有段落内容的衔接，在此为转折关系，“然而，从那以后，我开始了解很多关于野营的事情”，故选D。答案D2解析该题是第二段段中句，为后文的概括句，“他们带我去的这次旅行是很艰苦的一次”，故选C。答案C3解析该题是第三段段中句，本题做题关键是前句的another和后文的instead，所以选择“这次没有帐篷”，故选A。答案A4解析该题是段落首句，是前段和本段的衔接，也是本段的概括句，“从那次旅行后，我全家便喜欢上了野营”，故选F。答案F5解析该题是末段首句，对全文的总结，表达思想观点，“我得说我已经爱上了野营”，故选E。答案EB(2019广西桂林第十八中期末)Lots of people

44、find it hard to get up in the morning, and put the blame on the alarm clock. In fact, the key to easy morning wakeup lies in resetting your body clock. _1_ Heres how to make one._2_ In order to make a change, you need to decide why its important. Do you want to get up in time to have breakfast with

45、your family, get in some exercise，or just be better prepared for your day! Once you are clear about your reasons, tell your family or roommates about the change you want to make.Rethink mornings. Now that you know why you want to wake up, consider rearranging your morning activities. If you want tim

46、e to have breakfast with your family, save some time the night before by setting out clothes, shoes，and bags. _3_ Thats a quarterhour more you could be sleeping if you bought a coffee maker with a timer.Keep your sleep/wake schedule on weekends. If youre tired out by Friday night, sleeping in on Sat

47、urday could sound wonderful. But compensating on the weekends actually feeds into your sleepiness the following week, a recent study found. _4_Keep a record and evaluate it weekly. Keep track of your efforts and write down how you feel. After youve tried a new method for a week, take a look at your

48、record. _5_ If not, take another look at other methods you could try.AGet a sleep specialist.BFind the right motivation.CA better plan for sleep can help.DAnd consider setting a second alarm.EIf the steps you take are working, keep it up.FStick to your set bedtime and wakeup time, no matter the day.

49、GReconsider the 15 minutes you spend in line at the cafe to get coffee.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了如何帮助人们制定计划调节生物钟，确保起床不再是一件令人头痛的事情。1解析空前句意：事实上，早起容易的关键在于你的生物钟。空后句意：这里是如何制作一个。故C项(一个更好的睡眠计划是有帮助的。)符合上下文，故选C。答案C2解析本段内容是建议人们要先确定为什么要早起，早起的目的是什么，也就是早起的动机是什么。由此推断B项(找到合适的动机。)可以概括本段中心。答案B3解析根据下句内容可知，作者建议人们买一个可以定时的咖啡机，

50、这样可以节约15分钟的喝咖啡时间，能够多睡15分钟，文中的a quarterhour 和G选项中的15 minutes呼应，是信息提示词。故选G(重新考虑你在咖啡馆排队15分钟买咖啡。)。答案G4解析根据段落小标题可知，本段是建议人们在周末也要坚持自己的作息时间，由此推断Stick to your set bedtime and wakeup time, no matter the day.(无论哪天，坚持你设置的睡觉和起床时间。)和本段标题意思相同。故选F。答案F5解析下句建议人们如果这样做没作用的话就尝试新的办法，由此推断该空与If not对应，提出如果有效果的话如何去做。故选E项(如果你

51、采取的措施有作用的话，就要坚持)。答案EC(2019玉林市期末)Earth is home to around 7, 000 languages, around half of which are expected to disappear by 2,100.Languages disappear for many reasons. Sometimes younger generations stop learning a language because parents want children to fit in. _1_ Native American children of the

52、late19th century were required to attend boarding schools where educators forbade them from speaking their native languages.The United Nations ranks endangered languages according to their risk level. For example, a “critically endangered”language is one that even grandparents dont speak often. New

53、York s Onondaga language is an example with only 50 speakers left. An “extinct”language has no speakers. It is gone forever. Alaska s Eyak language is one example. _2_3_ In the same way, different languages contribute to cultural diversity. Saving these languages benefits our understanding of other

54、cultures. Languages can show how a society looks at the world and what it values. A language may describe something in a way that is funny, too. In Welsh, it rains not cats and dogs, but old wives and walking sticks.The Endangered Language Alliance wants to save languages from disappearing. _4_ Howe

55、ver, its efforts are limited. If an endangered language is going to make a real comeback, itll probably get its start in schools. For nearly 100 years, public schools in Hawaii did not teach the Hawaiian language. Now students can keep learning in Hawaiian from elementary schools to college and beyo

56、nd.5_ At least one did. In 1881, a Jewish linguist named Eliezer BenYehuda brought the 3,000yearoldlanguage Hebrew back to life. Today it is one of the official languages of the country of Israel, with more than 4 million speakers.AThe last person who spoke it died in 2008.BWhy should we save endang

57、ered languages?CVarious animals and plants benefit our environment.DWith just 5 speakers left , it is absolutely endangered.ECan a language with zero native speakers come back to life?FSometimes societies force minorities to give up their language.GThe nonprofit group finds native speakers and recor

58、ds their stories.语篇解读：这是一篇说明文。说明了语言消失的原因，语言对人类的重要性，以及防止语言消失所采取的措施。1解析由第二段内容可知，整段都在说明语言消失的原因，所以小题1也是在陈述语言消失的原因。故F选项切题。答案F2解析由An “extinct”language has no speakers. It is gone forever. Alaskas Eyak language is one example.可知，已经灭绝的语言，它永远消失了。阿拉斯加语言就是一个例子。所以小题2说的是：说这种语言的最后一人死于2008年，这种语言也就永远消失了。 符合对前文的解释。故

59、A选项切题。答案A3解析由第三段可知，第三段主要在讲述人们受益于不同种的语言。再由in the same way可知，小题3在讲述各种动植物有益于环境，以此说明多种语言也有益于人类。故C选项切题。答案C4解析由The Endangered Language Alliance wants to save languages from disappearing.可知，这个濒临灭绝语言联盟希望挽救这些即将消失的语言。小题4要说明他们具体的做法。故G选项切题。答案G5解析由 At least one did. In 1881, a Jewish linguist named Eliezer BenYe

60、huda brought the 3,000yearold language Hebrew back to life. Today it is one of the official languages of the country of Israel, with more than 4 million speakers.可知，至少有一种语言做到了。在1881年，一位名叫Eliezer BenYehuda的犹太语言学家使这个有3千年历史的希伯来语复活。今天，它是以色列的官方语言之一，有400多万使用者。所以通过回答和举例说明，我们可以判断出小题5要问“没有人说的语言能复活吗？”。故E选项切题。

61、答案ED(2019内蒙古赤峰期末检测)We all know that exercise is good for our health. But some kinds of exercise may be better than others. Running, for example, may help to protect against heart disease and other health problems. Running is good exercise, but it can be hard on the body. _1_.Take it easy.Do not run

62、too much, too soon or too fast. Most people get running injuries when they push themselves too bad. The body needs time to get used to increase in distance or speed. _2_.Listen to your body.Most running injuries do not come unexpectedly (意外地). _3_. They may include body aches, sore muscles (肌肉) and

63、pain that does not go away._4_.There is no single best shoe for every runner. You should find the shoe that offers the best fit and support for your feet. More importantly, you should replace your shoes every 500 to 800 kilometers.Take good notes.Take time after each run to write down what you did a

64、nd how you felt. Look for things that happen over again. These notes will help you find the best exercise for you.Cross train.As we said earlier, running is hard on your body. So physical fitness experts suggest some form of cross training to improve muscle balance and to help you stay injury free.

65、They say, besides running, swimming, yoga, and riding a bicycle are good exercises. _5_.AGet good running shoesBUsually, there are warning signsCThese exercises are easier on the bodyDRunning may also help you live longerEMuscles and joints (关节) need time to recoverFHere are five ideas to make injur

66、ies less likelyGAs advertisements for the running shoe Nike say, “just do it”语篇解读：这是一篇说明文。跑步是一种很好的锻炼，但是对身体要求高。本文就降低跑步受伤风险提出了五种方法。1解析由下文的各个段落的小标题“Take it easy .Listen to your body. Get good running shoes. Take good notes. Cross train.”可知，放松。倾听身体的声音。买双好跑鞋。做好笔记。交叉锻炼。所以小题1要总说“这里有五个方法可以减少受伤的可能性”然后进行分说。故F

67、选项“这里有五个方法可以减少受伤的可能性”符合句意。故F选项正确。答案F2解析由“The body needs time to get used to increase in distance or speed”可知，身体需要时间来适应距离或速度的增加。所以小题2与前一句一同来说明不能跑太快、太多的原因。故E选项“肌肉和关节需要时间恢复”符合句意。故E选项正确。答案E3解析由“Most running injuries do not come unexpectedly (意外地). _3_. They may include body aches, sore muscles (肌肉) and

68、pain that does not go away.”可知，大多数跑步受伤不是毫无征兆。它们可能包括身体疼痛、肌肉酸痛和无法消失的疼痛。所以小题3在文中要起到承上启下的作用。故B选项“通常会有警示标识”符合句意。故B选项正确。答案B4解析由“There is no single best shoe for every runner. You should find the shoe that offers the best fit and support for your feet. More importantly, you should replace your shoes every

69、500 to 800 kilometers.”可知，没有一双能适合所有跑步者的最佳跑鞋。你应该找到最适合你脚的鞋子。更重要的是，你应该每500到800公里更换鞋。所以本段主要在讨论要买双好跑鞋也就是本段小标题小题4要表达的内容。故A选项“买双好跑鞋”符合句意。故A选项正确。答案A5解析由“ They say, besides running, swimming, yoga, and riding a bicycle are good exercises”可知，他们说，除了跑步，游泳，瑜伽和骑自行车都是很好的运动。所以小题5要总结性地表达这些运动对身体要求不高。故C选项“这些运动对身体要求不高”

70、符合句意。故C选项正确。答案CE(2019保定市期中考试)Learning science involves knowledge and application. During your undergraduate years, applications start in the science laboratory. _1_ The following are ways on how to handle and clean science equipment.Glass ware(器皿). _2_ If the glass has impurities, the experiment can

71、 fail. In general, there are four ways to clean the equipment：1Completely cleaning the glass ware using flowing tap water.2Using the cleaner that is specifically designed for laboratory glass ware.3Boiling water in the ware to completely remove the solutions.4Using chemical solvent and waterbased so

72、aking solutions.Plastic ware. Since this is more sensitive than glass, mild lab cleaner is enough to clean it. _3_ Wash with clean, preferably distilled water. Use heat and chemical solutions for removing difficult grease, oil and other organic matter. However, not all types of plastics can bear hea

73、t and chemical application. _4_Stainless steel lab ware. Never use hydrochloric acid on steel products. A soft and clean cloth can be used. There are also stainless steel pads that can be used. _5_ Usually these steel products have visible polishing grains or lines that must be followed as direction

74、s for cleaning. Filtered water is the recommended liquid for cleaning. Some unfiltered water can contain deposit built up that can protect the equipment.ANote that each chemical is unique.BNote that the cleaner doesnt have strong PH.CThere are instances in which water is used for the last cleaning.D

75、It is still best that you check cleaning instructions in the packaging.EHowever, the manner of cleaning or polishing must be correctly observed.FThis type of equipment is usually used as a holder for chemicals to be tested.GYou use different science equipment to help you produce conclusions on given

76、 problems.语篇解读：本文为应用说明文。主要叙述了如何处理和清洁不同的科学设备的方法。1解析根据空前的内容“During your undergraduate years, applications start in the science laboratory.”“在你本科学习时，实际应用始于科学实验室。”及下句“以下是如何处理和清洁科学设备的方法”可知，本小题与实验设备有关。分析选项可知，只有G项(使用不同的科学设备来帮助你在给定的问题上得出结论)是与实验设备有关。故选G项。答案G2解析根据本段的小标题“Glass ware(器皿)”及下面介绍的四种都是如何清洗器皿的。器皿就是来装

77、用于测试的化学物质，即“a holder for chemicals to be tested.”，故F项符合题意。答案F3解析分析本空后的内容可知，本段的大意是叙述清洁容器的。分析选项可知B项有cleaner，与本段复现。放入句子，意思相符，故选B项。答案B4解析根据上一句“However, not all types of plastics can bear heat and chemical application.并非所有类型的塑料都能承受热和化学应用。”以及下面的各种清洁方法可知，不同的实验器皿清洁方法不同，所以最好还是根据清洁说明。分析选项可知D项(最好还是检查包装中的清洁说明)符合题意。答案D5解析根据本题后的内容“Usually these steel products have visible polishing grains or lines that must be followed as directions for cleaning.通常这些钢产品具有可见的抛光颗粒或线条，必须遵循清洗方法。”由此可推断出这些实验器材必须有正确的清洁方法。分析选项可知E项与本段不仅有词cleaning 和 polishing的复现，而且意思也一致，因此选E项。答案E