2019高考英语一轮核心考点探究与练习教材复习篇Unit2Cloning含解析新人教版选修8.doc

1、Unit 2Cloning李仕才【短文语法填空】The MidAutumn Festival in China has nothing, or at least very little, to do 1. autumn. Its about time off work, and the gift that few seem to eat but people keep giving to one another：mooncakes.I 2. (learn) about mooncakes when I moved to Chinas capital city, Beijing. When th

2、e MidAutumn Festival came around, the city was 3. (live) especially with shopping for mooncakes. Every grocery store seemed to have lines of people 4. (carry) that single item(商品) to the counter. I asked my Chinese friends about mooncakes, and 5. majority of them said that few people actually ate th

3、em. Instead，6. (regard) as gifts, theyre chosen for family, friends or coworkers.When years later I moved back to New York City, I didnt expect to find any public 7. (celebrate) of the MidAutumn Festival. But Ive been surprised at the ways the festival continues in at least the citys 8. (heavy) Chin

4、ese neighborhoods. For weeks before the MidAutumn Festival, Brooklyns Chinatown，9. I live, looks a little like Beijing with people running in and out of Chinese bakeries, or standing in line at Chinese grocery stores to buy mooncakes.It looks like Chinese culture can 10. (preserve) while adapting to

5、 changing circumstances.【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。作者在北京居住时，发现中秋节前，尽管很少吃月饼，但人们仍喜欢买月饼送人。回到纽约后，作者发现纽约的中国人也这样做。作者由此发出感慨：似乎中国文化在适应变化中的环境时能被保存下来。1with解析：考查介词。中国的中秋节和秋天没有或者说几乎没有一点关系。它是关于休息和似乎很少人吃但是人们仍然互相赠送的礼物“月饼”的。 have nothing/something to do with.“和无关/有关”，是固定搭配。2learned/learnt解析：考查动词的时态。当我搬到中国的首都北京时，我了解了关于月饼的一些情况。主

6、从句的动作几乎是同时发生的，从句用了一般过去时，故主句也用一般过去时。3lively解析：考查形容词。空处作表语，且意为“气氛热闹的，熙熙攘攘的”，故用形容词 lively。4carrying解析：考查非谓语动词。每个杂货店似乎都排着队伍，队伍中满是拿着月饼向柜台走去的人。分析句子结构可知，people 后是非谓语动词作定语，people 与 carry 之间是主谓关系，且此处表示动作正在进行，故用现在分词作定语。5the解析：考查冠词。the majority of 是固定搭配，意为“中的大多数”，故填the。6regarded解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知， as gifts 作状

7、语，根据固定搭配 be regarded as “被视为”和 they(指代 mooncakes) 与 regard 之间的动宾关系可知，此处应该用过去分词作状语。7celebration(s)解析：考查名词。根据空前的any public 和空后的 of 可知，空处应该填名词 celebration(s)“庆祝活动”。8heavily解析：考查副词。此处表示“至少在这个城市有大量中国人的社区”。空处修饰形容词Chinese，且表示“大量地，在很大程度上”，故用副词 heavily。9where解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是 Brooklyns Chi

8、natown，表示地点，关系词在从句中作地点状语，故用 where。10be preserved解析：考查动词的语态。似乎中国文化在适应变化中的环境时能被保存下来。 preserve “保存，保留”，是及物动词，故此处用被动语态。object vi.反对；不赞成n物体；目标(1)object to(sb./sth.)反对(某人/某事)object to doing sth.反对做某事(2)objection n不赞成；反对；异议have/take/make an objection to(doing)sth.对(做)某事表示反对raise an objection to sth.对某事提出异议

9、(3)objective adj.真实的，客观的，无偏见的We object to _being treated_ (treat) like this.我们抗议这种待遇。Have you any objection to my _asking_ (ask) a private question?我问你一个私人问题你反对吗？object表示“反对”时，为不及物动词，加宾语时需加介词to，而oppose表示“反对”时，为及物动词，可直接加宾语。undertake vt.(undertook，undertaken)着手；从事；承担；负责undertake a task 承担任务undertake a

10、n attack 发动进攻undertake to do sth.答应，同意做某事undertake for.为负责undertake thatclause保证He undertook _to be_ (be) here at ten oclock.他答应十点钟到这儿来。I want you _to undertake_ (undertake) all the responsibility.我要你承担所有的责任。Those reforms (which are) _being undertaken_ (undertake) currently are of great importance t

11、o the future development of the company.公司目前正在进行的这些改革对于公司未来的发展非常重要。forbid vt.(forbade/forbad，forbidden，forbidding)禁止，不准，不许forbid sb.to do sth.forbid sb.from doing sth.禁止某人做某事forbid doing sth.禁止做某事forbid sb.sth.禁止某人某事forbidthat 从句 禁止(2016上海卷)The research suggests that walking should _be forbidden_ (f

12、orbid) on escalators that are at least 18.5m in height.研究表明应该禁止在高达18.5米多的电梯上行走。The school forbids the students _to smoke/from smoking_ (smoke)学校禁止学生吸烟。He _forbade_ (forbid) me _from_ smoking in the office.He said the law forbids _smoking_ (smoke) in public places.He also said he would forbid me _to

13、leave_ (leave) unless I apologized for what I had done.他禁止我在办公室里抽烟。他说法律禁止在公共场所吸烟。他还说如果我不为所做的事情道歉的话他就不许我离开。forbid后面不能直接跟动词不定式作宾语，而是跟动名词作宾语，但可以用forbid sb.to do sth.。类似动词结构：allow/permit/advise/want sb.to do sth.allow/permit/advise/admit doing sth.owe vt.欠(账、钱、人情等)；归功于，应感谢(1)(2)owing tobecause of“因为，由于”

14、，后接名词、代词、动名词作宾语，构成介词短语，表原因。(教材原句)You owe the lady an apology.你必须向这位女士道歉。These early settlers owed their survival _to_ hard work and determination to succeed.这些早期移民把他们的幸存归功于艰苦劳动和追求成功的决心。Was it _owing_ (owe) to bad weather that they had to change the schedule of leaving?当时是由于天气恶劣，他们才不得不改变离开的时间的吗？【七选五】

15、Becoming Refreshed without SleepingSometimes there is just not enough hours in the day to get everything done and get a good nights rest._1_ Once in a while you can get away with a sleepless night and still feel reasonably good by adjusting your meals and activities._2_ The last thing you want to do

16、 when you are tired is get warm and cosy；this will cause you to fall asleep.Keeping the air conditioner on will make you feel much more awake and refreshed.Eat small amounts.Eating small amounts of healthy food will help refresh you.Fruit and nuts are a good choice because they are nutritious and wi

17、ll energize you._3_ Try to stick to lowcarb meals to keep you going.Chewing gum after your small meal will also help keep you awake.Keep it bright.When it is dark your body thinks it is time to go to sleep.Turn on lots of lights，which will trick your body into waking up and feeling better._4_ You ge

18、t double the benefits if it is daytime.Take a break.Taking a little break will help you in the long run, Turn up some energizing music to get yourself positive.Relax and talk to a friend in person or on the phone for a few minutes._5_AKeep it cool.BCalm down and sleep.CAvoid big，heavy meals as they

19、will make you tired.DGo outside whether it is day or night for some fresh air.EMissing sleep regularly can make you sick and should be avoided.FWhen you are tired，you may just want to sit around and do nothing.GHaving a good time for a few minutes will refresh you quicker than anything else.【解题导语】本文

20、是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了几种在没有睡觉的情况下恢复精神的方法。难句分析：Once in a while you can get away with a sleepless night and still feel reasonably good by adjusting your meals and activities.(第一段最后一句)译文：你可以偶尔一个晚上不睡觉，通过调整饮食和活动，感觉也仍然很好。词汇积累：adjust v调整，适应nutrition n营养energize v使充满活力positive adj.积极的，乐观的1E根据上一句内容可知，有时白天没有足够的时间完成所有

21、的事情，晚上也不能好好休息。E项“经常失眠可能会让你生病，所以要避免”承接上文内容，符合语境。故选E。2A空格处是本段的中心句。根据本段最后一句可知，开着空调会让你觉得更加清醒、精神振作。A项“保持凉爽”与之呼应，能概括本段内容。故选A。3C根据下一句中的“stick to lowcarb meals”可知，C项中的“Avoid big, heavy meals”与之相照应，即“不要吃太多，因为它们会使你很累”。故选C。4D空格下一句提到在白天会事半功倍。D项“不管是白天还是夜晚去外面呼吸新鲜的空气”与下文衔接紧密，符合语境。故选D。5G根据本段的中心句“Take a break.”和空格上一

22、句中的“for a few minutes”可知，D项中的“Having a good time for a few minutes”与之照应。故选G。pay off 得到好结果；取得成功；偿清pay sb.for sth.pay sth.to sb.for sth.付钱给某人作为的费用pay for sth.为某事吃苦头或受惩罚；花钱买某物pay back 还钱；报复pay out (为某事)付出大笔款项pay up (尤指不情愿地或迟迟地)付清欠款pay attention to 注意pay a visit to 访问John studied hard before the examina

23、tion，and it paid _off_.He made an A.约翰在考试前努力学习，这没有白费，他得了个A。That I can pay _back_ the help people give me makes me happy.能够回报人们给我的帮助让我感到很开心。He paid the doctor and paid _for_ his medicine，too.他酬谢了医生，并付了买药的钱。in good/poor condition 状况很好/坏；情况很好/坏out of condition 健康状况欠佳working/living/studying conditions 工

24、作/生活/学习环境on condition(that).在条件下；假如on no condition 一点也不；决不I dont care about the price as long as the car is _in_ good condition.只要汽车状况好，我不介意价格。They agreed to lend us the car _on_ condition that we returned it before the weekend.他们同意把车借给我们，条件是我们必须在周末前归还。On no condition _should_ (shall) you tell them

25、what happened.你决不应该告诉他们发生了什么事。【短文改错】Challenges of life are of great importance in our grow.They remind me my days in senior high school which I joined in the military training.It was the first time I have lived away from my home，so I found it difficult to fit in.And the training officer was strict i

26、n me.I once thought I couldnt stick to the end.But anyway，I was succeeded.The trials made it much easy for me to adapt to life，but the difficulties I came across have now become a precious memory in my life.In short，learning to regard the challenges of life as the stepping stone to future success an

27、d make the best of them.【答案】Challenges of life are of great importance in our .They remind me my days in senior high school I joined in the military training.It was the first time I lived away from my home，so I found it difficult to fit in.And the training officer was strict me.I once thought I coul

28、dnt stick to the end.But anyway，I succeeded.The trials made it much for me to adapt to life， the difficulties I came across have now become a precious memory in my life.In short， to regard the challenges of life as stepping stone to future success and make the best of them.第一处：grow改为growth。考查名词。根据空前

29、的形容词性物主代词our可知，应将grow改为growth。第二处：在me后加of。考查固定搭配。此处remind sb.of sth.意为“使某人想起某事”，为固定搭配。第三处：which改为when。考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，senior high school后为定语从句，先行词为days且从句中不缺少成分，故应将which改为when，在句中作时间状语。第四处：have改为had。考查时态。在It was the first time(that)句型中，从句中谓语动词用过去完成时，故将have改为had。第五处：in改为with。考查固定搭配。此处be strict with s

30、b.意为“对某人严格”，为固定搭配。第六处：删除was。考查语态。此处succeed为不及物动词，没有被动语态，故将was删除。第七处：easy改为easier。考查形容词比较级。根据语境及句中much可知，此处表示更加容易，故用形容词比较级。第八处：but改为and。考查连词。根据语境可知，上下文之间是顺承关系，故将but改为and。第九处：learning改为learn。考查祈使句。分析句子结构可知，此处是一个祈使句，与下文中的“make the best of them”构成并列结构，故将learning改为learn。第十处：the改为a。考查冠词。此处表示一个垫脚石，表示泛指，且st

31、epping的发音以辅音音素开头，故将the改为a。The fact _that she seemed to develop normal_ was very encouraging.看来多莉是在正常地成长着，这很令人鼓舞。此句中that引导的从句为同位语从句，对fact进行解释说明，that仅起连接词的作用，无意义，不能省略。同位语从句常放在fact，news，idea，truth，hope，problem，information，wish，promise，answer，evidence，report，explanation，suggestion，conclusion等抽象名词后面，解释说明

32、该名词的具体内容。换言之，同位语从句和所修饰的名词在内容上为同一关系，对其内容进行解释或说明。同位语从句一般用that，whether，who，when，where，why，how等词引导。I have no idea _where_ the new library will be built.我不知道新图书馆将要建在哪里。The suggestion came from the chairman _that_ the new rule(should)be adopted.采纳新规则的建议是主席提出来的。引导词that引导定语从句时，在从句中一般作主语或宾语(指物时还可以用which代替)，并

33、且作宾语时常常省略。that在同位语从句中仅起连接作用，不充当任何成分，并且不能省略，也不能用which来代替。The question _whether_ we should continue to do the experiment has not been answered yet.我们是否该继续实验的问题还没有被解决。The news _that_ our football team had won the match was encouraging.(同位语从句，不缺成分)我们足球队赢了比赛的消息令人鼓舞。【阅读理解】Golden Gate Bridge Located in San

34、 Francisco, the Golden Gate Bridge started in the year 1933 to connect the San Francisco Peninsula with Marin County. It was finally thrown open to public in 1937. It cost more than $35 million in the construction. Till the year 1957, the Golden Gate Bridge, at a length of 2,737 meters, was the long

35、est suspension bridge in the world. Brooklyn Bridge The Brooklyn Bridge is located in Brooklyn. It is one of the oldest bridges in the United States, opened in the year 1883. The length of the bridge is 1,825 meters. The bridge has been featured in several Hollywood movies. George Washington Bridge

36、Also known as the Hudson River Bridge, the George Washington Bridge which connects Fort Lee to Manhattan came into use in 1931 after a construction period of almost 4 years. It is a twolevel suspension bridge.Mackinac BridgeThis is the third biggest suspension bridge in the world at a length of 8,03

37、8 meters. The architect of this bridge was Dr. David BSteinman who directed the construction of the bridge which started in the year 1954 and opened to the public in 1957. People using this bridge are charged a certain amount of money.Navajo BridgeLocated in Arizona, this bridge crosses the Colorado

38、 River and is almost 250 meters long. The construction of this bridge started in the year 1927, ending two years later, costing $390,000. In the 1990s a second bridge was built which was opened to the public in 1995. The first bridge is still used by pedestrians now.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了美国五座著名的大桥。1Wh

39、at do we know about the Golden Gate Bridge?AIt consists of two bridges.BIt costs the least of the five bridges.CIt is the longest suspension bridge in the world. DIt takes about 4 years to complete the construction.答案与解析：D考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“the Golden Gate Bridge started in the year 1933 to connect the

40、San Francisco Peninsula with Marin County.It was finally thrown open to public in 1937.”可推知，金门大桥的建筑时间约有四年，故D项正确。2Which of the following bridges was built the earliest?AGolden Gate Bridge.BBrooklyn Bridge.CGeorge Washington Bridge.DNavajo Bridge.答案与解析：B考查细节理解。由题干关键词“was built the earliest”定位到每座大桥的建筑时

41、间；根据文中各座大桥的建筑时间可知，布鲁克林大桥是最古老的大桥，故B项正确。3What will you do if you drive across Mackinac Bridge?AHave to pay some money.BUse the second bridge.CCover nearly 250 meters.DSee the statue of Dr. David BSteinman.答案与解析：A考查细节理解。根据第四段尾句“People using this bridge are charged a certain amount of money.”可知，使用麦基诺大桥的人会被收取一定量的钱，故A项正确。