2019年高考英语阅读理解一轮练4含解析.doc

1、2019年高考英语阅读理解一轮练（4）李仕才AWith autumn on the horizon, the seasons first Oscar competitors are here. Already,the Hollywood Reporter has predicted that the often-snubbed(冷落的) Leonardo DiCaprio could win. Although before we get swept up in predictions, its nice to remember that little gold men are not the

2、 reason we love the movies. They shouldnt be the primary reason for acting in them either.Bill Murray knows this first hand. Murray was positioned to win his first-ever Oscar Academy Award for2004s “Lost in Translation”, but he lost it to Sean Penn. Years later, Murrayexplained how he took the defea

3、t in stride(从容应对), and his words should act as a blueprint for anyone who has failed:“I went through it once before and its nice to get nominated and win some prizes. You get to go to dinners and tell little stories and so forth. Then you get to get dressed up. And then you get to be on TV, which is

4、 sweet. And you can either win or lose. Well youre not supposed to say lose when you talk about the Oscar. You are supposed to say not chosen. But I later realized that I had gotten a little caught up in the possibility of winning. So, shame on myself for getting caught in it. But I won a lot of the

5、 prizes for Lost in Translation. So I thought it didnt seem unnatural to expect that I would be rewarded just one more time. So when it didnt happen, I thought, Well, thats kind of funny. But to get prizes is not why you work.”Murray isnt alone in those feelings. No mention of actors without Oscars

6、would be complete without recognition of Leonardo DiCaprio, who said, “I dont think I ever expected anything like an Oscar ever, to tell you the truth. That is not my motivation when I do these roles. I really am motivated by being able to work with great people and create a body of work that I can

7、look back and be proud of.”Perhaps neither Murray nor DiCaprio will ever be introduced as an Academy Award-winning actor, but winning an Oscar for acting shouldnt be the point. Here are some other amazing actors who never won an Oscar, even if you think they did: Julianne Moore, Brad Pitt, Johnny De

8、pp, Tom Cruise, Harrison Ford, Will Smith. And they have provedthatcountless times before.1.We can learn about Bill Murray from the passage that_.A. he felt ashamed that he didnt win the Oscar.B. he never expected himself to win the Oscar.C. he had already won many other awards before he failed in O

9、scar.D. he is the first actor who had been predicted to win the Oscar but failed.2.Leonard DiCaprio is motivated to act different roles because _A. he wants to win the Oscar.B. he can cooperate with great people.C. he wants others to take pride in him.D. he is not the only actor who hasnt won the Os

10、car.3.The underlined word “that” in the last paragraph refers to “_”.A. Neither Murray nor DiCaprio will won an Oscar.B. Winning an Oscar for acting shouldnt be the point.C. Some amazing actors have never won an Oscar.D. You think that some actors should have won an Oscar.4.What is the writers attit

11、ude to Leonardos idea on winning an Oscar?A. Approving.B. CriticalC. Indifferent.D. Neutral.【文章大意】本文主要介绍了落选奥斯卡奖的比尔默里和莱昂纳多对奥斯卡奖的看法。1.C 【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段中的“But I won a lot of the prizes for Lost in Translation.”可知，在落选奥斯卡之前，比尔默里已经赢得了很多其他奖项。3.B 【解析】词义猜测题。根据画线词前的“but winning an Oscar for acting shouldnt be

12、 the point.”可知，此处的that指代的就是winning an Oscar for acting shouldnt be the point。4.A 【解析】观点态度题。根据最后一段中的“Perhaps neither Murray nor DiCaprio will ever be introduced as an Academy Award-winning actor, but winning an Oscar for acting shouldnt be the point.”可知，作者对莱昂纳多关于赢得奥斯卡的态度是支持的。B(2015成都第二次诊断)The Childre

13、ns Bookshow Competition is a chance for young readers to be writers. Reading，it seems，is coming back into fashion，if a survey by the famous National Literacy Trust (the NLT) is true.It shows that the percentage of children who admit enjoying reading has grown for the first time in the past 8 years.S

14、o its a good time to launch a competition that includes a shedload of new books for schools as prizes.The Childrens Bookshow Competition，backed by The Independent，is taking to the roads again from the start of next term，with a nationwide tour of 15 big cities，featuring a lineup of a dozen childrens

15、writers and illustrators(插图画家) aiming to persuade pupils to follow their footsteps.The competition，launched by the childrens writer and illustrator Jessica Souhami，has two categories: the undernines and nine to 13yearolds. Children are asked to choose their favorite fairy or folk tale and set it in

16、an extraordinary place. Then they are to retell it with the aid of drawings and writingswhether it is set at sea，on a distant planet，in the future or in the past.The closing date for the competition is 30 November. “Tell your tale in pictures and in words，” say the organizers of the competition.“It

17、can be in a picture book or comic book format.” The winner of each competition will receive a signed copy of a book by each of the 12 authors involved in this years tour，plus 150 worth of books for their school.The runnersup will receive a signed copy of Souhamis new book.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了读书比赛的发起

18、、年龄规定以及奖励办法。1What can we know about the Bookshow Competition?AIt will be held by the famous NLT.BIt will be held in different cities. CIt has never been organized before.DChildren of all ages will join in it.解析：选B。细节理解题。根据第三段第二句中的“The Childrens Bookshow Competition，backed by The Independent，is takin

19、g to the roads again from the start of next term，with a nationwide tour of 15 big cities，”可知，读书比赛将在不同的城市举行。故答案选B。2The underlined word “backed” in Paragraph 3 means _.AStarted.BPromoted. CSupported. DReported.解析：选C。词义猜测题。start意为“开始”；promote意为“提升”；support意为“支持”；report意为“报告”。根据画线词前的“its a good time to

20、launch a competition”可推知，这次比赛得到了The Independent的支持。back意为“支持”。故答案选C。3What will be offered as a prize to schools?APictures and comic books.BBooks worth 150 in all.CBooks signed by 12 authors.DJessica Souhamis new books.解析：选B。细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句“The winner of each competition will receive a signed copy of

21、 a book by each of the 12 authors involved in this years tour，plus 150 worth of books for their school.”可知，给获奖者学校的奖励是价值150英镑的书籍。故答案选B。4The authors purpose of writing this passage is to _.Aencourage young readers to become writersBpersuade all children to join in the competitionCpromote childrens boo

22、ks by famous writersDintroduce a bookshow competition to children解析：选D。写作意图题。纵观全文可知，作者写这篇文章旨在向孩子们介绍一个读书比赛。故答案选D。CLife can be so wonderful，full of adventure and joy.It can also be full of challenges，setbacks(挫折) and heartbreaks.Whatever our circumstances，we generally still have dreams，hopes and desir

23、esthat little something more we want for ourselves and our loved ones.Yet knowing we can have more can also create a problem，because when we go to change the way we do things，up come the old patterns and pitfalls(陷阱) that stopped us from seeking what we wanted in the first place.This tension between

24、 what we feel we can have and what were seemingly able to have is the niggling(烦人的) suffering，the anxiety we feel.This is where we usually think its easier to just give up.But were never meant to let go of the part of us that knows we can have more.The intelligence behind that knowing is usthe real

25、us.Its the part that believes in life and its possibilities.If you drop that，you begin to feel a little “dead” inside because youre dropping “you”So，if we have this capability but somehow life seems to keep us stuck，how do we break these patterns?Decide on a new course and make one decision at a tim

26、e.This is good advice for a new adventure or just getting through todays challenges.While，deep down，we know we can do it，our mindor the minds of those close to ususually says we cant.That isnt a reason to stop; its just the mind，that little man or woman on your shoulder，trying to talk you out of som

27、ething again.It has done it many times before.Its all about starting simple and doing it now.Decide and act before overthinking.When you do this you may feel a little，or large，release_from_the_jail_of_your_mind and youll be on your way.文章大意：本文是一篇说明文，作者介绍了在我们想要放弃的时候改变这种模式的一种方法就是重新选择目标并且迅速做出决定。1It can

28、 be inferred from the first two paragraphs that we should _.Aslow down and live a simple lifeBbe careful when we choose to changeCstick to our dreams under any circumstancesDbe content with what we already have答案：C细节理解题。文章第一段第三句Whatever our circumstances，we generally still have dreams，hopes and desi

29、res说不管在什么情况下，我们仍然有着梦想、希望和欲望。以及第二段最后一句If you drop that，you begin to feel a little “dead”inside because youre dropping “you”如果你放弃了，你的内心会变得了无生机，因为你放下了你自己。故选C。2What is the key to breaking the old patterns?ATo focus on every detail.BTo decide and take immediate action.CTo listen to those close to us.DTo

30、think twice before we act.答案：B细节理解题。根据倒数第三段第一句Decide on a new course and make one decision at a time.可以知道为了打破旧格局需要决定一个新目标并且立刻做出决定。故选B。3Which of the following best explains the underlined part in the last paragraph?AEscape from your punishment.BRealization of your dreams.CFreedom from your tension.DR

31、eduction of your expectations.答案：C推理判断题。根据画线句子可知其本意是逃出你内心的牢笼。结合上文中在过多思考之前快速决定和行动可以推测这个画线句子是指要从过多考虑的焦虑中解放自己。故选C。4What does the author intend to tell us?AIts easier than we think to get what we want.BIts important to learn to accept sufferings in life.CIts impractical to change our way of thinking.DIt

32、s harder than we expect to follow a new course.答案：A写作意图题。从全文来看，作者主要是想要强调果断的行动而不是空想来实现自己的梦想和欲望，比起想要成功，行动更加容易。故选A。D(2016四川成都高三联考)Students wishing to safeguard their careers against changes in the job market should opt for science rather than arts degrees，according to a survey of undergraduates. Engine

33、ering and chemistry were considered to be the most “future proof”，as they are courses most likely to lead to an enduring and adaptable career. Students polled by Pearson College were broadly optimistic that their chosen courses would prepare them for a world in which the job market could change dram

34、atically during their working lives. But opinion was sharply divided over which degrees were best for futureproof careers. Eightytwo percent of respondents believed engineering would help develop futureproof skills，with 74 percent believing the same of chemistry and 73 percent of computer science. B

35、ut just 33 percent of undergraduates believed history would lead to a futureproof career，and 40 percent English. However more than two thirds of students (67 percent) thought the world of work would be significantly different or completely unrecognizable in 20 years. The findings，published today，com

36、e after Education Secretary Nicky Morgan sparked controversy with claims that teenagers should steer clear of the arts and humanities and opt for science or maths subjects if they want to access the widest range of jobs. She said that in previous decades students would only take maths or science if

37、they wanted to pursue a specific career such as medicine or pharmacy，but nowadays that “couldnt_be_further_from_the_truth” “If you wanted to do something different，or even if you didnt know what you wanted to do.then the arts and humanities were what you chose.Because they were usefulwe were toldfor

38、 all kinds of jobs.Of course now we know that couldnt be further from the truth，that the subjects that keep young peoples options open and unlock doors to all sorts of careers are the STEM (science，technology，engineering and maths) subjects.” She also described maths as “the subject that employers v

39、alue most” and said that pupils who study Alevel maths will earn 10 percent more over their lifetime. “These figures show us that too many young people are making choices aged 15 which will hold them back for the rest of their lives.” she said.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了课程的选择对学生们未来的发展情况的影响。1In order to gua

40、rantee your future job，which kind of courses will you choose according to the survey?AEngineering or English.BHistory or Maths.CMaths or Art.DEngineering or Chemistry.解析：选D。细节理解题。根据第二段“Engineering and chemistry were considered to be the most “future proof”，as they are courses most likely to lead to

41、an enduring and adaptable career.”可知，工程学和化学被认为是最有前景的学科，因为它们能够让人找到持久的、适应性强的职业。因此要想未来工作有保证，应选择工程学或化学。故选D项。2Whats the students attitude towards their chosen courses?ADoubtful. BWorried.COptimistic. DObjective.解析：选C。细节理解题。根据第三段“Students polled by Pearson College were broadly optimistic that their chosen

42、 courses.”可知，学生对所选择的课程持乐观态度。故选C项。3How do you understand the underlined words?AIt is far away from the truth.BIts to the truth.CIt couldnt be closer to the truth.DIt reflects the truth.解析：选A。句意猜测题。根据画线部分前的“She said that in previous decades students would only take maths or science if they wanted to p

43、ursue a specific career such as medicine or pharmacy.”并结合画线部分前的转折连词及时间状语“but nowadays”可推知，此句表明，如果你想把医学或药剂学作为特定的职业，在前10年你只需选择数学和自然科学这两门课就够了，但是现在仅仅选择这两门课是远远不够的。因此，画线部分的意思是“现在这是很不符合实际情况的”。故选A项。4What did Nicky Morgan indicate in her claim?AIf you want to do some different，the arts and humanities are wha

44、t you choose now.BSTEM subjects can make young people choose their future jobs freely. CAt college，young people should make choices for their lives.DMaths and science are considered to be the subjects that employers value most.解析：选B。推理判断题。根据倒数第三段最后一句“.the subjects that keep young peoples options ope

45、n and unlock doors to all sorts of careers are the STEM (science，technology，engineering and maths) subjects.”可知，STEM课程为学生能够自由选择各种职业提供了可能。故选B项。EIf you think that running marathons will help you live a long and healthy life, new research may come as a shock.According to a recent scientific study, peop

46、le who do a very strenuous workout are as likely to die as people who do no exercise at all.Scientists in Denmark have been studying over 1,000 joggers and non-joggers for 12 years.The death rates from the sample group indicate that people who jog at a moderate pace two or three times a week for les

47、s than two and a half hours in total are least likely to die.The best speed to jog at was found to be about 5 miles per hour.The research suggests that people who jog more than three times a week or at higher speeds of over 7 mph die at the same rate as non-joggers.The scientists think that this is

48、because strenuous exercise causes structural changes to the heart and arteries (动脉).Over time, this can cause serious injuries.Peter Schnohr, a researcher in Copenhagen, said, “If your goal is to decrease risk of death and improve life expectancy, jogging a few times a week at a moderate pace is a g

49、ood strategy.Anything more is just unnecessary, and it may be harmful.”The implications of this are that moderate forms of exercise such as tai chi, yoga and brisk walking may be better for us than “iron man” events, triathlons and long-distance running and cycling.According to Jacob Louis Marott, a

50、nother researcher involved in the study,“You dont actually have to do that much to have a good impact on your health.And perhaps you shouldnt actually do too much.”1.The underlined word “strenuous” in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to “”.A.hardB.regularC.practicalD.flexible答案:A解析:词义猜测题。此处指像马拉松一样的

51、锻炼,所以strenuous应与hard意思相近,表示“艰苦的,费力的”。regular“定时的”;practical“实用的”;flexible“灵活的”。2.The author presents some figures in Paragraph 2 to .A.suggest giving up joggingB.show risks of doing sportsC.provide supportive evidenceD.introduce the research process答案:C解析:写作目的题。作者在第二段中采用了列数字的方法,是为了提供支持的证据,能更有力地说明第一段

52、的研究结论。3.According to the scientists, why is too much exercise harmful?A.It may injure the heart and arteries.B.It can make the body tired out.C.It will bring much pressure.D.It consumes too much energy.答案:A解析:细节理解题。根据第二段的最后两句“Thescientiststhinkthatthisisbecausestrenuousexercisecausesstructuralchange

53、stotheheartandarteries.Overtime,thiscancauseseriousinjuries.”可知,剧烈运动会导致心脏和动脉结构发生变化,从而有损健康。4.What can be inferred from the text?A.Jogging is the best exercise.B.More exercise means a healthier life.C.Marathon runners are least likely to die.D.Proper exercise contributes to good health.答案:D解析:推理判断题。根据最后两段可知,过度锻炼不仅没有必要,而且还可能有害,适当的锻炼会有助于健康。