2021届重庆市巴蜀中学新高考英语美国文化外刊[12]法治（含注解与翻译）.docx

1、2021届巴蜀中学新高考英语美国文化外刊12（含翻译与重点词汇短语注解）is the rule of law?什么是“法治”？ ruleof law法制a situation in which everyone in a country is expected to obey the laws, including powerful people, military leaders etcAnswer:Everyone must follow the law; Leaders must obey the law; Government must obey the law; No one isa

2、bove the law每个人都必须守法；无论是领导人还是政府部门都要守法；没有人能凌驾于法律之上Explanation:More than 800 years ago, in a city in England, a group of mengot togetherto create a new kind of government.At the time, England was ruled by a king, but the king did not follow the same laws asthe rest ofthe people. So these men wrote a d

3、ocument called theMagna Carta, which said that the king mustobey(or follow) the same laws as everyone else. This idea we now call the rule of law.八百多年前，在英国某座城市，一群人聚集一起创建了一种新型政府。英国那时由君主统治，但君主与其余的人遵守的法律不相同。因此这些人撰写了名为大宪章的法律文件，里面规定君主与其他人一样必须遵守相同的法律。如今我们称这样的思想为“法治”。 get together聚在一起 at the time在那时 the re

4、st of the people其他的人 obey the law遵守法律Many years later, in 1787, the people whodrafted(or planned in writing)the Constitutionused theMagna Cartaas part of its system of government for the new United States. These people believed ina government for the people and by the people(or a government created

5、and run by American citizens), so therule of lawwasput in place(or established) toprotect against totalitarianism(or a type of government in which almost everything is controlled by the government) or againstmob rule(control of the government by a large group of people, usually using violence to get

6、 power).多年以后，在1787年，起草宪法的人把大宪章作为新的美国政府体系的一部分。这些人认为政府应该由美国公民创建和领导，因此用“法治”来防止极权主义（或者说是一种几乎一切事情都由政府控制的政府)和暴民统治(政府由一大群人控制，他们通常使用暴力夺权）。 many years later很多年以后 draft起草，草拟（计划、信件、报告等） Evas busydraftingher speech for the conference.伊娃正忙着起草她在大会上的发言稿。 Constitution宪法The right to speak freely is written into theC

7、onstitutionof the United States.言论自由的权利被写进了美国宪法中。 be put in place被建立 totalitarianism/tutlitrinizm/ 极权主义 mob rule暴民统治Early Americans felt that therule of lawwascentral(or very important) to the concept ofdemocracy. They felt thatequality, which is the idea that everyone should be treated in the same

8、wayunder the law, was the only way to be fair to all Americans in allaspects(or parts) of life. In the United States today, police officers, the president, normal citizens, and everyone else must follow the same laws. No matter how much money or power a person has, he or she cannotbe exempt fromfoll

9、owing (or not have to follow) the law.早期美国人觉得“法治”是民主观念的核心。他们觉得依照法律每个人都应该受到同等对待的平等思想，是公平地对待所有层面的美国人的唯一途径。如今，美国的警察、总统、合法公民以及其他人都必须遵守相同的法律。不管某人是多么地财大势大，他或她都必须守法。The rule of law also means that all Americanshave the right tothe sameprotectionsunder the law. This idea of equal protection under the law is

10、 known asdue process.Due processis one of the rightsguaranteedto all Americans in theBill of Rights.Rights such asfreedom of speechandfreedom of religionarebetter known, butdue processis one of the most commonly used rights in the United States.In fact, these are some common phrases that Americans u

11、se to express the ideas ofdue processand therule of law: Everyone is equalin the eyes ofthe law and Justice(or the legal system) is blind.“法治”也意味着所有美国人都有受到法律同等保护的权利。依法受到同等保护的思想称为“法定诉讼程序”。“法定诉讼程序”是权利法案赋予所有美国人的权利之一。言论自由和宗教自由等权利更为人熟知，但“法定诉讼程序”却是美国行使最普遍的权利之一。事实上，“法律面前人人平等”和“司法公平公正”是美国人用来传达“法定诉讼程序”和“法治”观

12、念最常用到的句子。 have the right to sth有.的权力 due process法定诉讼程序the correct process that should be followed in law and is designed to protect someones legal rights guarantee确保；保证to make it certain that something will happen or existFreedom of speech isguaranteedby our constitution.言论自由受我们的宪法保证。 Bill of Rights权利法案 freedom of speech言论自由 freedom of religion宗教自由 sth is better known.更为人熟知 Everyone is equalin the eyes ofthe law.法律面前人人平等。 justice司法制度the system by which people are judged in courts of law and criminals are punished Justiceis blind.司法公平公正。