2021年届高考二轮英语考纲内派生词词性转换学与练学案：专题01 WORD版含解析.docx

1、专题 01 ( absence- angry) 【学】词性转换识其形，知其意A absence n. 没有；缺乏；缺席；不注意absent adj. 缺席的；缺少的；心不在焉的；茫然的academic adj. 学术的；理论的；学院的academy n学院；研究院；学会；专科院校access n 通道；进入；机会；使用权；探望权accessible adj 易接近的；可进入的；可理解的account n 账户；解释；账目，账单；理由；描述accountant n会计师；会计人员accuracy n 精确度，准确性accurate adj. 精确的achieve v . 取得；获得；实现；成功a

2、chievement n成就；完成；达到；成绩acquire v . 获得；取得；学到；捕获acquisition n获得物，获得；收购act n 行为；假装；某种行为（或常规等）；法令；判决书；会议记录action n行动；活动；功能；战斗；情节active adj. 积极的；活跃的；主动的；有效的；现役的activity n活动；行动；活跃adapt v使适应；改编adaptation n适应；改编；改编本，改写本add v. 加；增加；加起来；做加法addition n添加；数 加法；增加物adjust v调整，使适合；校准adjustment n调整，调节；调节器admirable a

3、dj. 令人钦佩的；极好的；值得赞扬的admire v钦佩；赞美admission n 承认；入场费；进入许可；坦白；录用admit v承认；准许进入；可容纳adolescence n青春期adolescent adj. 青春期的；未成熟的advertise v通知；为做广告；使突出advertisement n广告，宣传advice n建议；忠告；劝告；通知advise v. 建议；劝告，忠告；通知；警告affect v影响；感染；感动；假装affection n喜爱，感情；影响；感染Africa n 非洲African adj. 非洲人agency n代理，中介；代理处，经销处；作用age

4、nt n代理人，代理商；药剂；特工；动因agree v同意，赞成；承认；约定，商定agreement n . 协议；同意，一致agricultural adj. 农业的；农艺的agriculture n农业；农耕；农业生产；农艺，农学alcohol n 酒精，乙醇alcoholic adj. 酒精的，含酒精的allow v允许；给予；认可allowance n津贴，零用钱；允许；限额amaze v使吃惊amazing adj. 令人惊异的amuse v娱乐；消遣；使发笑；使愉快amusement n消遣，娱乐；乐趣analyze= analyse v对进行分析，分解（等于analyse）=分析

5、；分解；细察analysis n分析；分解；验定anger n怒，愤怒；忿怒angry adj. 生气的；愤怒的；狂暴的；（伤口等）发炎的anxiety n焦虑；渴望；挂念；令人焦虑的事anxious adj. 焦虑的；担忧的；渴望的；急切的apologize v 道歉，谢罪；辩解，辩护apology n道歉；谢罪；辩护；勉强的替代物appear v出现；显得；似乎；出庭；登场appearance n 外貌，外观；出现，露面applicant n申请人，申请者；请求者application n应用；申请；应用程序；敷用；（对事物、学习等）投入apply v申请；涂，敷；应用appoint v任

6、命；指定；约定appointment n任命；约定；任命的职位appreciate v欣赏；感激；领会；鉴别appreciation n欣赏，鉴别；增值；感谢approval n批准；认可；赞成approve v批准；赞成；为提供证据argue v争论，辩论；提出理由argument n论证；论据；争吵；内容提要arrange v 安排；排列；整理，协商arrangement n布置；整理；准备；安排arrival n 到来；到达；到达者arrive v 到达；成功；达成；出生art n艺术，美术artist n艺术家；美术家（尤指画家）；大师assess v评定；估价；对征税assessme

7、nt n评定；估价assist v参加，出席；协助assistance n 援助，帮助；辅助设备assistant n助手，助理，助教Part 1.写出括号内单词的正确形式。1. The competition has been thrown wide open by the _( absent) of the world champion. 2. I have to plan my _( academy) work very rigidly and set myself clear objectives. 3. The remote desert area is _( access) onl

8、y by helicopter. 4. It would probably pay you to hire an _( account). 5. Every care has been taken to ensure the _( accurate) of all information given in this leaflet. 6. The start of a new year is a good time to reflect on the many _( achieve) of the past. 7. Vocabulary, as a fundamental aspect of

9、second language _( acquire) (SLA), has always been a concern of L2 learners and researchers.8. We need more time to see how things develop before we take_( act). 9. Ground squirrels are normally _( act)by day and sleep at night. 10 _( act) available include table tennis, archery and swimming, to nam

10、e but a few. 11. Most living creatures are capable of _( adapt) when forced to do so. 12. Theyre paying you ten grand now for those _( adapt) of old plays. 13. In _(add) to these arrangements, extra ambulances will be on duty until midnight. 14. This service is a simple math calculation service, pro

11、viding _()addition and subtraction(减法) operations. 15. He will have to make major _( adjust) to his thinking if he is to survive in office. 16. She did an _( admire) job of holding the audiences attention. 17. The companys silence on the subject has been taken as an _( admit )admission of guilt. 18.

12、 Some young people who were easy-going and extroverted as children become self-conscious in early _( adolescent)a. 19. The target audience for this_( advertise) was mainly teenagers. 20. Giving _( advise) when its not called for is the quickest way to end a good friendship. 21. She was held in deep

13、_( affect) by all her students.。22. Yet more _(Africa) these days accept that being able genuinely to choose their leaders is the least bad way to freedom and prosperity. 23. The most important thing is to reach an_( agree) and to avoid a trade war. 24. The Saudi authorities have made _( agriculture

14、) development a central plank of policy to make the country less dependent on imports. 25. Theservingof_( alcohol) drinkswas forbiddenaftersixoclock.26. Both sides are willing to make_( allow) for each others political sensitivities. 27. It was _( amaze)how my mother coped with bringing up three chi

15、ldren on less than thirty dollars a week. 28. Some students might spend most of their holiday time on _( amuse), and thus leave their study neglected. 29. _( analyze) were conducted on the raw data. 30. He devoted a major section of his massive report to an_( analyze) of U.S. aircraft design. 31. Th

16、e plans for the new development have raised _( anger) protests from local residents. 32. The _( anxious) of the separation often expresses itself as anger toward the child for getting lost. 33. Already he has exacted a written _( apologize) from the chairman of the commission. 34. Organically grown

17、produce does not differ greatly in _( appear) from conventionally grown crops. 35. The job advertisement requires that the _(apply) must have three years experience. 36. Students learned the practical _(apply) of the theory they had learned in the classroom.37. The club also offers its congratulatio

18、ns to D. Brown on her _( appoint) as president. 38. I want to express my_( appreciate) appreciation to all of my friends for their support, especially to Martin Miller, for being there when I needed him. 句意：我想感谢所有支持过我的朋友，特别感谢马丁米勒，感谢他在我需要的时候在我身边。39. When we want validation for our decisions we often

19、turn to friends for advice and _( approve).40. There was a heated _( argue ) on the Internet as to whether this kind of behaviour was against the law or not.41. The company operates an _( arrange) whereby employees may select any 8-hour period between 6 a.m. to 8 p.m. to go to work. 42. There were t

20、wo new _( arrive), fidgeting around, waiting to ask questions. 43. She was an accomplished pianist, a superb swimmer, and a gifted _( art). 44. Students scoring within the top 3% of students on an _( assess) test are referred to here to be further challenged.45. AI robot can be of _( assist) to many

21、 aspects of our daily life such as doing housework, informing us of the weather and helping children do their homework. 46. Researchers asked the chief executives of 94 Italian firms to have their _( assist) record their activities for a week.Part II1.阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。A Chinese un

22、iversity has built the worlds longest 3d-printed bridge. The creation has a 1 (long) of 26.3 meters and a width of 2.6 meters. Its design came from the historical Zhaozhou Bridge 2 (build) in AD605.3 the ancient Zhaozhou Bridge required a decade to build, the team spent only 450 hours 4 (complete) a

23、ll of their new bridges concrete parts. Besides, the bridges cost came in at just two thirds of 5 of an ordinary bridge.The bridge consisted 6 44 individual 3D-printed concrete units, each of them approximately 3 by 3 by 5 feet. The sides, influenced by the Zhaozhou Bridge, 7 (make) with 68 single c

24、oncrete plates moved into place by robot arms.The leader of the team noted that “the demand for labor in construction projects will be in short supply 8 (increasing)” in the future. If China cannot find people to build bridges, “intelligent construction 9 (become) an important channel to solve this

25、problem”.There have been other 3d-printed architectural projects over the last few years, as the technology has become 10 (popular) than before. A team at MIT built a sample house in 14 hours. If there are ever houses on Mars NASA suspects the houses also will be built by robots using 3D printing.2.

26、 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。By the end of June this year, 55 BeiDou satellites 1(send) up, meaning the completion of Chinas self-developed BeiDou Navigation (导航) Satellite System (BDS). 2 BDS appears later than Americas GPS, Russias GLONASS and EUs Galileo, yet it can equal them. As one of

27、the four global navigation satellite systems, BDS involves combined efforts of over 400 3 (agency) and 300,000 research personnel and technicians.Originally 4(draft) in the 1980s, the project represents a milestone in Chinas space effort. BDS is comparable to GPS in terms of the accuracy of position

28、ing, which has been applied5 shared Hellobikes in Daqing. It also offers short message communication, thus 6 (provide) emergency communications in areas 7 fail to pick up clear conventional communication signals occasionally. In an effort 8 (improve) the quality of their positioning services, Apple

29、and Samsung phones, among others, are already using BDSs signals, and so is every Chinese brand.The construction of complete BDS is 9 huge technical achievement for China and can 10(true) pay off in the near future. Meanwhile, BDSs remarkable contribution to promoting the worlds economic and social

30、development as well as peaceful use of space has attracted the worlds attention.1.absence 句意：世界冠军的缺席使这场比赛变得胜负难定。2.academic句意：我必须给我的学术工作制订非常严格的计划，并给自己规定明确的目标。3.accessible句意：只有乘直升机才能进入那遥远的荒漠地区。4.accountant. 句意：聘一名会计师或许对你有好处。5.accuracy句意：已经采取了一切措施来保证这张传单上所有信息的准确。6.achievements o句意：新年伊始正是回顾过去许多成绩的好时候。7.

31、acquisition 句意：词汇，作为学习外语的一个基本因素，一直是广大外语学习者和外语工作者关注和研究的焦点。8.action. 句意：我们采取行动以前需要有更多时间观察情况的发展。9.active句意：地松鼠一般白天活跃晚上睡觉。10. Activities句意：所设活动项目包括乒乓球、射箭、游泳等等，不一而足。11.adaptation句意：大多数生物在为情势所迫时都能适应。12.adaptations句意：他们现在要付你1万美元作为那些老剧目的改编费用。13.addition句意：除了这些安排以外，另增救护车值班至午夜。14.addition 句意：该服务是一个简单的数学计算服务，提

32、供了加法和减法运算。15.adjustments句意：他要想继续任职的话，就得对他的思维方式作大的调整。16.admirable句意：她做了件值得钦佩的事：吸引了观众的注意力。17.admission句意：在外界看来，公司在这个问题上保持沉默便是承认有罪。18.adolescence 句意：一些在孩提时候随和且外向的年轻人在青春期初期变得害羞了。19.advertisement这个广告的对象主要是十几岁的青少年观众。20.advice句意：在不需要时给予建议是了结一段友谊的最快方式。21.affection句意：她的学生都十分爱戴她。22. Africans句意：不过，现在更多的非洲人认识到了

33、能够真正地选举他们的领导人是一条通向自由和繁荣的最好的道路。23.agreement 句意：最重要的就是达成协议，避免贸易战。达成协议的希望看来已逐渐渺茫。24.agricultural句意：沙特阿拉伯当局已经将农业发展作为其政策的核心纲领，以减少该国对进口的依赖。25.alcoholic句意：在6点以后供应酒精饮料是被禁止的。26.allowance(s) 句意：双方都愿意顾及相互的政治敏感性。27.amazing句意：让人惊叹的是我妈妈怎样以每周不到30美元的开销养大了3个孩子。28.amusement句意：一些学生可能会把假期的大部分时间都花在娱乐上，从而荒废了他们的学业。29.Anal

34、yses句意：对原始数据进行了分析。30analysis句意：他在那份厚重的报告中用一个主要章节分析了美国的飞机设计。31.angry句意：新的开发计划惹得当地居民愤怒抗议。32. anxiety句意：对失散的焦虑常常表现成对孩子走失的愤怒33. apology句意：他已经通过强行要求得到了委员会主席的书面道歉。34. appearance句意：有机农产品与传统方法种植的农产品在外观上没有太大的区别。35. applicant句意：招聘广告要求应聘者必须有三年工作经验。36. application句意：学生们学会了课堂上学到的理论的实际应用。37. appointment句意：俱乐部还就布朗

35、被任命为会长一事向她表示了祝贺。38. appreciation句意：我想感谢所有支持过我的朋友，特别感谢马丁米勒，感谢他在我需要的时候在我身边。39. )approval.句意：当我们想要获得对我们的决定的确认时，我们经常向朋友们求得建议和认可。40. argument句意：网络上，人们就这一行为是否犯法进行了激烈的讨论。41. arrangement 句意：该公司做出了一种安排，据此员工可以在上午6点到晚上8点之间任意选择8个小时去上班。42. arrivals句意：有两个新来的人，坐立不定，等着提问。43. artist. 句意：她曾是一位很有造诣的钢琴家、一流的游泳健将和天才艺术家。4

36、4. assessment句意：在评估测试中，得分最高的3%的学生将聚集在这儿，接受进一步的挑战。45. assistance句意：人工智能机器人能够在我们日常生活的许多方面给我们提供帮助，如做家务、告知我们天气状况还有帮助孩子写作业等。46. assistants句意：研究人员调查了意大利94家公司的首席执行官，让他们的助理记录他们一周的活动。Part II1. 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。【答案】1length2built3While/Although/Though4completing5that6of7were made8increasingly9w

37、ill become10more popular【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了我国用3D打印技术成功制造出的世界最长的桥。1考查名词。句意：这幅作品长26.3米，宽2.6米。空格前有不定冠词a，所以应填名词，long的名词形式为length。故填length。2考查非谓语动词。句意：它的设计来源于建于公元605年的历史悠久的赵州桥。空格前为名词Zhaozhou Bridge，与build之间为被动关系，build的过去分词built作后置定语，修饰Zhaozhou Bridge。故填built。3考查让步状语从句。句意：尽管古老的赵州桥需要十年的时间来建造，但是本团队只花了450个小时就完

38、成了所有的新桥梁的混凝土部分。根据句子前半部分的a decade，后半部分only 450 hours的反差，可知上下文为让步关系。故填While或Although或Though。4考查非谓语动词。句意同上。短语spend time (in) doing为因定搭配，意为“花费时间做”。故填completing。5考查代词。句意：此外，这座桥的造价只有一座普通桥的三分之二。根据句意可知，空格处代指上文的“(the) cost”，且有后置修饰语“of an ordinary bridge”，指代前面提到的名词，用代词that。故填that。6考查介词。句意：这座桥由44个独立的3d打印混凝土单元组

39、成，每个单元大约335英尺。consist of固定搭配，意为“由组成”，故填of。7考查被动语态。句意：受赵州大桥的影响，桥面由68块混凝土板组成，由机械臂移动到位。该句谓语动词make和主语The sides“桥的侧边”为被动关系，应用被动语态，且讲述的是过去的事情，应用一般过去时.故填were made。8考查副词。句意：团队的领导指出，未来“建筑项目对劳动力的需求将日益短缺”。分析句子可知，空格处应为句子的修饰成分，修饰表示状态的介词短语，应用increasing的副词形式。故填increasingly。9考查动词时态。句意：如果中国找不到人来架桥，“智能建设将成为解决这一问题的重要渠

40、道”。跟据前一句的一般将来时和时间状语in the future，可判断本句主句应用一般将来时。在条件状语从句中，从句用一般现在时的时候，主句应用一般将来时。故填will become。10考查形容词比较级。句意：在过去的几年里，随着3d打印技术变得比以前更流行，已经有了其他的3d打印建筑项目。空格后出现了表示比较的介词than，应使用形容词比较级，popular为多音节形容词。故填more popular。2. 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。【答案】1had been sent2Though/While/Although3agencies4drafted5

41、to6providing7which/that8to improve9a10truly本文是说明文。介绍了中国自主研发的北斗导航卫星系统的发展过程，世界地位，使用情况和为中国及世界经济发展做出的显著贡献。1考查时态语态。句意：截至今年6月底，共发射55颗北斗卫星，这意味着中国自主研发的北斗导航卫星系统完成。时间状语By the end of June this year和过去完成时连用，又55 BeiDou satellites和动词send是被动关系，在句中作谓语，要用过去完成时的被动语态。故填had been sent。2考查连词。句意：虽然北斗系统的出现要晚于美国的GPS、俄罗斯的GLO

42、NASS和欧盟的Galileo，但它可以与它们匹敌。此处引导让步状语从句，表示“虽然，尽管”，故填Though/ While/ Although。3考查名词复数。句意：北斗系统是全球四大卫星导航系统之一，涉及400多个机构和30多万科研人员和技术人员。句中agency是可数名词，此处由400修饰用复数形式。故填agencies。4考查非谓语动词。句意：该项目最初起草于上世纪80年代，是中国航天事业的一个里程碑。句中已有谓动词represents，空处应该用非谓语。主语the project和动词draft是被动关系，用过去分词表被动，故填drafted。5考查固定短语。句意：BDS在定位精度上

43、可以与GPS相媲美，已经在大庆的共享Hellobikes中得到应用。“应用于”是固定短语apply to，故填to。6考查非谓语动词。句意：它还提供短消息通信，从而在偶尔无法接收到明确的常规通信信号的地区提供紧急通信。分析句子可知，句中已有谓语动词offers，空处用非谓语。主语It和动词provide是主动关系，用现在分词作状语。故填providing。7考查定语从句。句意：它还提供短消息通信，从而在偶尔无法接收到明确的常规通信信号的地区提供紧急通信。分析句子可知，句中包含定语从句，先行词是areas指物，在定语从句中作主语，用关系代词which/that引导定语从句。故填which/tha

44、t。8考查动词不定式。句意：为了提高定位服务的质量，苹果和三星等公司的手机已经开始使用北斗信号，中国的所有品牌也都在使用北斗信号。句中已有谓语动词，此处用非谓语。n an effort to do sth.“努力尝试做某事 ”。故填to improve。9考查冠词。句意：建设完整的北斗系统对中国来说是一项巨大的技术成就，在不久的将来就能真正取得成效。achievement是可数名词，此处表示“一项技术成就”用不定冠词。huge开头是辅音因素，故填a。10考查副词。句意：建设完整的北斗系统对中国来说是一项巨大的技术成就，在不久的将来就能真正取得成效。修饰动词短语pay off用副词，故填truly。