2021新高考译林英语一轮复习教材研读：第二部分语法必备专题三　形容词和副词 WORD版含解析.docx

1、专题三形容词和副词形容词和副词是历年来高考的高频考点之一,考查内容主要涉及倍数的表达法、形容词或副词的比较级和最高级在常用句式中的应用,有时也会利用具体语境来考查比较级和最高级。形容词和副词的基本用法单句填空1.(2019课标全国卷)On our way to the house, it was raining hard that we couldnt help wondering how long it would take to get there.1.答案so考查固定结构。此处表示“雨下得如此大以至于我们不禁琢磨着要多久才能到那里”。so.that.如此以至于。2.(2017课标全国卷)

2、However, be (care) not to go to extremes.2.答案careful考查形容词。此处为形容词作表语,故填careful“当心的”构成系表结构。3.(2017课标全国卷)Steam engines were used to pull the carriages and it must have been (fair) unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise.3.答案fairly考查副词。应用副词修饰形容词unpleasant,故在其前填fairly。4.(2017课标全国卷)It

3、is (certain) fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal. I dont want to have nothing else to fall back on when I cant model any more.4.答案certainly考查副词。此处fun是形容词,应用副词修饰形容词作状语,故填certainly。形容词的基本用法形容词在句中可作定语、表语、宾语补足语、主语补足语、状语等。(2019江苏卷)Unlike traditional gyms, app-backed gyms offer people flexible option

4、s to exercise.不像传统的健身房,应用程序支持的健身房为人们提供了灵活的锻炼选择。形容词作状语主要表示原因、结果或伴随等,其逻辑主语必须与句子主语保持一致。Light-hearted and optimistic, she is the sort of woman to spread sunshine to people through her smile.她无忧无虑、积极乐观,是那种用微笑给别人带来快乐的人。特别提醒以-ly结尾的形容词常见的有:friendly, lovely, lively, lonely, elderly, deadly 等。副词的基本用法副词主要用来修饰动

5、词、形容词或其他副词,表示时间、地点、程度、方式等。(2019天津卷)A dogs eating habit requires regular training before it is properly established.狗的饮食习惯在正确地养成之前需要定期训练。常考的连接性副词:though“然而,可是”(用于句末);meanwhile“在此期间”;therefore/thus/consequently“因此,所以”;moreover/furthermore“此外”;besides“另外,还有”;however“然而”;instead“相反,代替”;anyway/anyhow“尽管,

6、即使这样”;otherwise“否则”。特别提醒有些副词,如fortunately, luckily, surprisingly, honestly, actually, personally等作评注性状语,往往修饰整个句子,而且它们常位于句首,用逗号与后面的句子分开。Thankfully, I managed to get through the game and the pain was worth it in the end.谢天谢地,我终于打完比赛了,所有的辛苦最终都是值得的。形容词和副词的比较等级单句填空1.(2019课标全国卷)Scientists have responded b

7、y noting that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are (high) than they actually are.1.答案higher考查比较级。根据空后的than可知,本句表示比较意义,因此本空应填higher。2.(2018课标全国卷)According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years

8、(long) than non-runners.2.答案longer根据空后的than和语境可知,此处应该使用副词比较级形式,故填longer。3.(2018课标全国卷)He screams the (loud) of all.3.答案loudest根据空前的the以及空后的of all可知此处应用副词最高级。4.(2017课标全国卷)As a result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing.Even (bad), the amount of fast food that people

9、 eat goes up.4.答案worse根据语境可知,此处表示程度的加深,所以用副词比较级形式,even worse意为“更糟糕的是”。5.If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify (识别) those of (great) and less importance.5.答案greaterand连接并列成分,根据后面的less可知,此处要用形容词比较级形式。1.比较级和最高级的构成规则规则变化词形分类及变化构成原级比较级最高级单音节词和少数双音节词一般加

10、-er或-esttalllongtallerlongertallestlongest以-e结尾的,只加-r或-stnicefinenicerfinernicestfinest以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的,先双写该辅音字母再加-er 或 -estbighotfatbiggerhotterfatterbiggesthottestfattest以辅音字母+y结尾的,先变y为i再加-er或-esthappyeasyhappiereasierhappiesteasiest其他双音节词和多音节词在前面加more或mostdifficultbeautifulmoredifficultmorebe

11、autifulmostdifficultmost beautiful不规则变化原级比较级最高级good/wellbetterbestbad/illworseworstmany/muchmoremostoldolder/elderoldest/eldestlittlelessleastfarfarther(具体)farthest(具体)further(抽象)furthest(抽象)2.比较等级的用法同级比较as+adj./adv.(原形)+as.“和一样”;not as/so+adj./adv.(原形)+as.“不如”Though I worked as hard as before, I fe

12、lt no fatigue.虽然我和以前一样努力工作,但我没有感到疲劳。当as.as结构中有名词时,可用以下结构:as+形容词原级+a(n)+可数名词单数+as.as+many+可数名词复数+as.as+much+不可数名词+as.Im not a little tired today after giving the room a thorough cleaning and I have never had as tiring a day as today.今天对房间进行了大扫除之后我很累,我从来没有像今天这样累过。比较级“形容词/副词比较级+than”表示“两者中一方比另一方更”。“les

13、s+形容词/副词原级+than”结构,表示“一方不及另一方”。(2018课标全国卷)Studies found that people who woke up early for exercise slept better than those who exercised in the evening.研究发现早起锻炼的人要比晚上锻炼的人睡得更好。特别提醒修饰比较等级的副词有:much, even, still, far, a little, a lot, rather 等。more, very等副词不可修饰比较级。最高级表示三者或三者以上的比较,常见的结构:“the+最高级+表示比较范围的短

14、语或从句”,表示“中最的”。Andy is content with the toy. It is the best he has ever got.安迪很满意这个玩具。这是他得到过的最好的玩具。one of+the形容词最高级+名词复数Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in our country.上海是我国最大的城市之一。the序数词+形容词最高级+名词Africa is the second largest continent in the world.非洲是世界上第二大洲。最高级的其他表达a.否定词+比较级b.比较级+than+any othe

15、r+单数可数名词c.比较级+than+all the other+复数可数名词d.比较级+than+any of the other+复数可数名词e.比较级+than anything/anyone elseYour story is perfect;Ive never heard a better one before.你的故事太完美了,我以前从来没有听过比这更好听的故事。The Yangtze River is longer than any other river/than all the other rivers/than any of the other rivers in Chin

16、a.长江比中国的其他任何一条河都长。“the+比较级,the+比较级” “越,(就)越”“比较级+and+比较级”“越来越”“the+比较级+of the two+名词复数”“两者中较的那个”no more than“仅仅” not more than“至多;不超过”more.than.“与其说不如说”no+比较级+than “和一样不”not+比较级+than “不比更”。倍数句型a.倍数+比较级+thanb.倍数+as+形容词或副词原级+asc.倍数+the+名词(size, length, height等)+of看到四种情况,想到比较等级一、看到与than连用,要想到用比较级例1Fina

17、lly,that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is (clean) than ever.分析 cleaner根据后面的than可知此处要用比较级,因此要用cleaner。例2After a few months, we all felt that we had been able to build much (strong) relationships with the family than we had before.分析stronger根据句中的比较级标志词than可知,本句应用比较级,表示几个月后的情况与之前的情况

18、进行比较,much用于修饰比较级。二、看到and, but, or等连词前或后用的比较等级形式,要想到用比较等级例3They were also the best and (bad) years in my life.分析worst由并列连词and前面的“the best”可知,此处应用形容词的最高级形式。三、看到语境中暗含的比较含义,要想到用比较级(二者之间)或最高级(三者及以上)例4After our plane landed,we went to the hotel.We had made our reservation six months (early),but the man at

19、 the front desk said there had been a mistake.分析 earlier由had made可知该动作发生在到达旅馆之前,故应该是早在六个月之前我们就已经预订了,故用比较级earlier。四、看到下列固定搭配,要想到比较等级。1.the+比较级., the+比较级.例5The (hard) you try to beat him, the more likely you will get it.分析harder分析句子结构可知此句为“the+比较级., the+比较级.”句式,意为“越,就越”。故填harder。2.the+最高级+标志性词语或从句例6My

20、 mum makes the (good) biscuits in the world, so I decide to ask her for help.分析best此处前面有the,后面有表示范围的“in the world”,所以应该用形容词的最高级。.单句填空1.(2019湖南浏阳六校联考)Toasts are made to wish the new couple long life, everlasting love and happiness, early birth of a(health) baby and so on. 1.答案healthy考查形容词。句意:(人们)举杯祝愿

21、新人白头到老,永远幸福,早生贵子等。设空处作定语,修饰名词baby,故填形容词healthy。2.(2019海南儋州一次统测)Jin Yong achieved a(great) success than any other contemporary writer.2.答案greater根据句中的than可知设空处需填形容词great的比较级greater。3.(2019安徽滁州中学模拟)(obvious), a good habit can help us to speed up to reach our destinations.3.答案Obviously句意:很明显,一个好的习惯能够帮助

22、我们加速抵达目的地。设空处修饰逗号后面的句子,作状语,应用副词。故填Obviously。4.(2019安徽A10联盟阶段考试)These days, as compared to ten to fifteen years ago, the job of assembly is made(simple) by producers of parts that are largely standardized.4.答案simpler句意:与10至15年前相比,现在的部件生产商把部件在很大程度上标准化了,这使得组装工作更容易了。设空处作主语补足语,根据本句中的“as compared to ten t

23、o fifteen years ago”推知设空处含有比较的意味,故答案为形容词比较级simpler。5.(2019江西红色七校二联)Sometimes when a long time goes by without being recognized for the good we do, we start to get upset, but a simple statement of appreciation could make us become (energy)again for a good long time.5.答案energetic句意:有时,当我们做了好事很长时间却没得到认

24、可时,我们开始感到不安,但是一句简单的表示认可的话又会使我们很长时间内变得精力充沛。设空处作表语,意为“精力充沛的”,故填形容词energetic。6.(2019广东湛江调研)The more support you win from others, the (fast) you will move toward your goal.6.答案faster句意:你赢得别人的支持越多,你就会越快地接近你的目标。此处为“the+比较级,the+比较级”结构,意为“越越”。因此,设空处应用比较级。故填faster。7.(2019海南儋州一次统测)His works have been(wide) tr

25、anslated into many languages, including English, French, Korean and Japanese.7.答案widely句意:他的作品被广泛翻译成多种语言,包括英语、法语、韩语和日语。设空处作状语,修饰谓语have been translated, 故填wide的副词形式widely。8.(2019山东师大附中五模)It is the most (common) used language in China and among the largest languages in the world.8.答案commonly句意:它是在中国使用

26、最普遍的语言,也是世界上最大的语种之一。设空处作状语,故填副词。9.(2019辽宁大连双基测试)The Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge, as the (long) sea-crossing bridge in the world, is expected to have 5G service in the future.9.答案longest句意:作为世界上最长的跨海大桥,港珠澳大桥预计未来会开通5G服务。根据in the world表示的范围可知设空处应用形容词最高级。10.(2019河南驻马店经济开发区高中月考)People splash water on e

27、ach other, hoping to take away sickness and disasters. The wetter you get, the (lucky) you will be. 10.答案luckier句意:人们互相泼水,希望能够带走疾病和灾难。你身上越湿,你就越幸运。“the+比较级.,the+比较级.”为固定结构,意为“越,越”。.语法填空(2020湖南衡阳模拟)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Ballet is a formal kind of dance performance with a rich and interesting

28、 history. The word “ballet” comes from the French language, and 1 (be) based on the Italian word “balletto.” “Balletto” means a little dance. Ballets early roots began in Italy in the late 1400s. But it was in France 2 ballet developed into the form we know today.The French ruler Louis the Fourteent

29、h had a big influence 3 the direction of ballet in its early history. He ruled France for seventy-two years, 4 (start) in 1643.He started dancing as a boy and worked hard daily.Louis the Fourteenth turned ballet into a form of dance that reflected 5 (he) power and influence. Ballets many rules and 6

30、 (extreme) detailed movements expressed a persons power and social relations. The king made sure that ballet became a 7(require) for the people of his court. He also started the Royal Academy of Dance,8 important people could learn this art. The aim of this dance was self-control, order and perfecti

31、on.Ballet slowly changed from a dance at the kings court to one 9(perform)by professional dancers. When Louis the Fourteenth died in 1715, ballet 10 (bring) to other parts of Europe and was developing in other ways.1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.答案1.is考查动词时态。句意:单词“ballet”来自法语,同时是以意大利语中的单词 “balletto”为基础的。并列连词a

32、nd连接两个并列成分:comes from和is based on,故用is。2.that考查强调句型。句意:但是,芭蕾舞是在法国发展成了我们现在知道的形式的。本句是一个强调句型,被强调部分是地点状语 in France,所以要用that。3.on/upon考查介词。固定搭配:have an influence on/upon对有影响。4.starting考查非谓语动词。句意:他统治法国72年,开始于1643年。设空处动作与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系,所以要用v.-ing形式,相当于which started。5.his考查形容词性物主代词。此处表达:一种能体现出他的权势和影响的舞蹈形式。设空处

33、要用形容词性物主代词修饰后面的名词。6.extremely考查副词。设空处单词修饰后面的形容词,所以要用其副词形式。extremely detailed非常详细的。7.requirement考查名词。设空处充当became的宾语,且有不定冠词a修饰,所以要用其名词单数形式。8.where考查定语从句。设空处引导的是非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词the Royal Academy of Dance。由此可知关系词在从句中充当地点状语,所以要用关系副词where。9.performed考查非谓语动词。设空处单词是非谓语动词作后置定语,修饰前面的代词one(a dance)。两者之间是被动关系,所以要用perform的过去分词形式。10.was brought考查动词时态和语态。此处意为“芭蕾舞被带到了欧洲的其他地方”。设空处是句子的谓语动词,时态为一般过去时,语态是被动语态,故填was brought。