2021高考英语（全国版）一轮复习教师用书：第二部分专题七　定语从句 WORD版含解析.docx

1、专题七定语从句考点1关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词的用法 典例12019山西吕梁高三段考,46Irresponsible drivers like to cut in on the road often make the drivers behind respond by suddenly braking.句意:喜欢在路上强行超车的不负责任的司机常常使后面的司机突然刹车。空处引导定语从句,先行词是drivers,指人, 且空处在从句中作主语,故可填who/that。who/that易混关系代词的辨析 1.关系代词that与which典例22019江西吉安六校联考,63All happens

2、during early years can influence children for the rest of their lives.句意:所有早年发生的事情都可能影响孩子的余生。定语从句缺少主语,且先行词为不定代词All,故只能用关系代词that。that典例32019山东淄博段考,49This was the most valuable opinion was given by a foreigner two centuries ago.空处在此引导定语从句,先行词是opinion,指物,关系词在从句中充当主语,且先行词前有形容词最高级修饰,故只能用关系代词that。that典例4P

3、eter and his car disappeared mysteriously in London in 1987 appeared mysteriously in New York in 1993.分析句子结构可知, disappearedin 1987为定语从句,修饰先行词Peter and his car,先行词既有人又有物,定语从句用that来引导。that典例52020江苏南京开学考,3The land is known for a historical site with beautifully colored walls, on are painted the events

4、of the past.句意:这个地区以拥有美丽的彩色墙壁的历史遗迹而闻名,墙上画着过去发生的事情。分析句子结构可知,逗号后为非限制性定语从句,先行词为walls,指物,且关系词位于介词后,故此处只能用关系代词which。注意:此处为使句子结构平衡,定语从句使用了完全倒装。which2.关系代词which与as典例6I have never performed such a task youve asked me to do.句意:我从来没做过你要我做的这种工作。分析句子结构可知,空处引导定语从句,并在从句中作do的宾语。先行词task指物,且其前有such修饰,故此处用关系代词as引导定语从

5、句。as考点2关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词的基本用法 典例7So long as you stick to it, the moment you can have your dream come true will definitely come.句意:只要你坚持,你能实现自己梦想的那一刻肯定会到来的。本空引导定语从句,修饰the moment,且在从句中作时间状语,因此本空填关系副词when。when关系副词where的特殊用法 典例8New lawyers often come across various cases they really dont know how to deal

6、 with tough situations in the beginning.句意:新手律师一开始常常会遇到各种案件,在这些案件中他们真的不知道如何应对棘手的局面。本空引导定语从句,修饰cases,并在从句中作状语,因此用where。where考点3介词+关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词前介词的选择 典例9There are many occasions which you are left in a helpless situation, which you can depend on no one other than yourself.句意:很多时候你处于无助的境地,在这种情况下,除了

7、自己,你谁也依靠不了。第一空,此处用on which引导定语从句修饰occasions,on many occasions表示很多时候;第二空,此处用in which引导定语从句修饰situation,situation表示抽象的地点,其前常用介词in。因此第一空填on,第二空填in。on; in考点4限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句中关系词的选用 典例10This city, lies in the northeast and I spent my childhood, has been one of the countrys busiest ports since the

8、 1950s.句意:这座城市位于东北部,是我度过童年的地方,自20世纪50年代以来就一直是这个国家最繁忙的港口之一。根据句意和句子结构可知,这里两空都要用关系词引导非限制性定语从句,第一空用关系代词which引导定语从句并在从句中作主语(指物),第二空用where引导定语从句并在从句中作地点状语。which;where考法1 考查限制性定语从句典例112019全国,64 They were well trained by their masters had great experience with caring for these animals. 句意:它们受到主人的良好训练,它们的主人在

9、照看这些动物方面有着丰富的经验。分析句子结构可知,空处在此引导定语从句,且在从句中作主语,先行词是their masters,指人,故应用关系代词who或that。who/that考法总结设空处无提示词,且空前为名词,空后为缺少主语的从句,由此可判断设空处填从句引导词;再根据句意判断,设空处引导的从句对their masters起限定作用,故此处为限制性定语从句。考法2 考查非限制性定语从句典例122018北京,5She and her family bicycle to work, helps them keep fit.句意:她和她的家人骑自行车去上班,这有助于他们保持健康。分析句子结构可

10、知,空处在此引导非限制性定语从句,指代前面的整个句子,且从句中缺少主语,故填which。which考法总结考生要牢记定语从句有逗号,无that。只要分析出来是定语从句,并且其前有逗号与主句隔开,那么就是非限制性定语从句,不能用关系代词that来引导。再根据具体情况选择关系代词或关系副词。难点1 先行词相同,关系词不同的情况典例13The terrible accident happened on the day my father left for America, a day well never forget.句意:那场可怕的事故发生在我的父亲前往美国的那天,(那是)我们永远都不会忘记的一

11、天。句中含有两个定语从句,先行词都是day。第一空所填词在从句中作时间状语,所以用when引导定语从句;第二空所填词在从句中作宾语,所以用that或which引导定语从句。when; that/which特别提醒遇到类似的题目,考生应特别注意从句中动词是及物动词还是不及物动词。及物动词后应接宾语;不及物动词后如有介词,可加宾语,如无介词,则应用关系副词。方法1 分析从句所缺成分,确定关系词典例14If a shop has chairs women can park their men, women will spend more time in the shop.句意:假如一家商店有椅子,女

12、士们可以让她们的男伴坐在那里,那么她们就会在那家商店多待一会儿。分析句子成分可知,在If引导的条件状语从句中,空处引导的定语从句修饰先行词chairs,定语从句中缺少地点状语,因此应填关系副词where。where方法2 巧用固定结构典例15Those houses are sold at such a low price people expected.本空应用关系词引导定语从句,并且关系词在从句中作expected的宾语;空处所填词与前面的such构成固定结构such.as.,因此这里用as引导定语从句。as1.2019北京,9 The students benefitting most

13、from college are those are totally engaged(参与) in academic life, taking full advantage of the colleges chances and resources(资源).2.2018 全国,69The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005 when the government started a soil-testing program gives specific fertilizer recommendations to far

14、mers and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.3.2018 江苏,23Self-driving is an area China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line.4.2017天津,9My eldest son, work takes him all over the world, is in New York at the moment.5.2016丙卷(全国),67Some people think that the great Chinese

15、 scholar Confucius, lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C., influenced the development of chopsticks. 6.2016江苏,23Many young people, most of were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.7.2016天津,9We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, the weather may be better.8.20

16、15江苏,21The number of smokers, is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year. 9.2015安徽,28Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon school education depends.1.who/that句意:从大学中受益最多的学生是那些完全投入到学术生活中并充分利用大学的机会和资源的学生。分析句子结构可知,空格后的信息是对those的修饰,those指人,关系词在定语从句中作主语,所以用关系代词 who/that。2.

17、that/which句意:2005年政府发起了一个土壤测试项目,给农民推荐特定的肥料,中国农业部发现在2005年至2011年间,肥料的使用减少了770万吨。分析句子结构可知,空处引导定语从句,先行词是a soil-testing program,指物,且定语从句中缺少主语,故填关系代词that或which。3.where分析句子结构可知,空处引导定语从句,先行词是area, 关系词在从句中充当地点状语,因此用where, 相当于in which。4.whose考查定语从句。句意:我的长子的工作需要他奔波于世界各地,他现在在纽约。根据句意和句子结构可知,本空要用关系词引导非限制性定语从句,先行词

18、为My eldest son,指人,且关系词在从句中作定语,因此这里用whose引导定语从句。5.who分析句子结构可知,空处在此引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为Confucius,指人,且关系词在从句中作主语,故填who。6.whom考查关系代词。分析句子结构可知,空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是young people,指人,且此处为表示部分的词语+of+关系代词结构,关系代词作of的宾语,因此应该填whom。7.when分析句子结构可知,空处在此引导定语从句,先行词为next week,且关系词在定语从句中作时间状语,故用when。8.as分析句子结构可知,空处引导非限制性定语从句,指代的是整个主句的内容。as引导非限制性定语从句时,表示如同,正如,符合语境。9.which句意:一些专家认为阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。Some experts think是主句,主句之后是省略了连词that的宾语从句;名词skill之后则是一个由介词upon+关系代词引导的定语从句,先行词skill指物,故此处应填关系代词which。