37 安全教育与自我保护-2022年高考英语最新热点时文阅读.docx

1、2022年高考最新热点时文阅读-安全教育与自我保护题型主要内容1阅读理解讲述露营时如何在暴风雨中保证安全及安全野营的建议2阅读理解以“3月25日的中小学生安全日”为背景，列举讲述了来自踩踏事故，地震，火灾等方面的自我保护常识3七选五介绍了面对突如其来的洪水时应该怎样保护自己4语法填空介绍了遇到地震时应该怎么做才能避免受伤01（2022青海西宁市海湖中学高一开学考试）Its a warm summer afternoon. Youre cooking over a campfire. Suddenly, a few raindrops fall on your arms, and before

2、you know it, the sky is opened up. Then you hear what sounds like thunder in the distance. What should you do? Your tent is close by and would offer shelter from the pouring rain. Theres a campsite (野营地) a few minutes down the path. And then you remember that your car is parked down the road. Whats

3、your safest choice to make sure you and your families are safe?Its a common question for many hikers and campers, especially when theyre camping during summer months. Heading for your car is almost always the safest choice. Your tent and a shelter will keep you dry, but they offer little or no prote

4、ction against lightning. Your car, on the other hand, will keep you dry and protect you from lightning strikes. Protecting yourself against possible lightning strikes is very important; lightning kills an average of 62 people in the US each year. If you keep all of the windows and doors closed in yo

5、ur car, youll be able to return to your campsite safely.Of course, if youre backpacking, not car camping, and if youre deep in the woods, your car wont be a good choice. So, what should you do if your car is far away and theres no other safe shelter nearby? First, youll have to make sure that tree l

6、imbs (大树枝) or other objects dont fall on you or your campsite. Then youll have to get in a safe position to avoid lightning, or flash flood conditions.1What does the passage want to tell us?AWhen to start camping.BHow to camp safely in the woods.CHow to survive a storm when camping.DWhere to camp sa

7、fely in summer.2To avoid lightning in a storm, youd better _.Ago into your tent quicklyBstay around the campfireCrun into a campsite at onceDget into your car3What can we infer from the last paragraph?APeople should not go camping alone.BPeople should never camp deep in the woods.CBackpacking is not

8、 a good choice for campers.DFinding a shelter when camping without a car is important.4What can we know about camping from the passage?ACampers like car camping best.BLightning is a danger for campers.CYoung people like backpacking best.DCamping during summer months is the most popular.02（2016湖北麻城市教

9、育科学研究院高一期中）What should you do if theres an earthquake at school? How can you protect yourself when you are caught in a stampede(踩踏)? March 25th this year provides you with a good chance to learn about safety.This day is called the National Day of Education on the Safety of Elementary and Middle Scho

10、ol Students(NDESEMSS). The theme of the day this year is to give students more knowledge about safety and make sure their lives safe.A survey done by the China Youth and Children Research Center showed that school accidents kill more elementary and middle school students than anything else. The main

11、 accidents come from stampedes, earthquakes, fires and sports injuries(伤害).What can we do to keep ourselves safe? Staying calm(镇静) is the first and most important rule when facing accidents. But different accidents have different self-protection advice.A stampede is possible anywhere. The larger a h

12、uman crowd gets, the more likely stampedes become. When students around you begin to push, stand still and try to hold onto something, or stay in a corner until the crowd leaves. If you fall down in a moving crowd, cover your head with both hands.Lean to one side, curl up your body and bend your leg

13、s.Earthquakes are common natural disasters(灾难). When you feel the ground shake, drop down, take cover under a desk and hold on. You should stay indoors until the shaking stops. If you are outdoors, dont stay near buildings, trees or power lines.When theres a fire, follow the teachers instructions, l

14、eave the classroom quickly and use a piece of cloth to cover your mouth and nose so that you dont breathe in smoke.5Whats the theme of NDESEMSS this year?ATo give students more knowledge about safety and make sure their lives safe.BTo give students more knowledge about health and make sure they eat

15、healthily.CTo give students more knowledge about science and make their study better.DTo give students more knowledge about accidents and make them run away.6According to this passage, which of the following is TRUE?ACar accidents kill the most elementary and middle school students of all accidents.

16、BWhen theres a fire, you should use cloth to cover your mouth and nose.CIf you fall down in a moving crowd, you can do nothing but wait there.DWhen an earthquake happens, you should stay near buildings or trees.7Whats the best title for this passage?ABe afraid of accidentsBThe earthquake is comingCR

17、un away from accidentsDHow to protect yourself8If the writer continues to write this passage, what will he write about?AThe changes of fires.BThe reasons of accidents.CSports injuries.DThe bad side of smoking.03（2022内蒙古赤峰高三期末）Being caught in a flood is incredibly dangerous. Like many other natural d

18、isasters, floods can occur with little to no warning. _9_ If a flood warning has been issued, seek shelter immediately, _10_ It only takes six inches of moving water to knock a person of their feet, and being knocked unconscious by a fall into moving water could be fatal. Additionally, as little as

19、one foot of flood water can sweep cars away. Watch out for damaged areas. _11_ Avoid bridges that cross rapidly-moving water, as floodwaters can cause bridges to collapse. The soil under usual routes will be muddy and less able to support the weight of vehicles. Find alternate routes over high groun

20、d or wait for the authorities to indicate which roads are safe. _12_ If told to evacuate (撤离), do so as quickly as possible. Stay inside a car trapped by fast-moving water. Only get out if the water begins to flood the car itself. then move to the roof of the vehicle. If trapped within a flooding bu

21、ilding. move to the highest floor. Do not go into the attic, as it is possible to become trapped there without a way to escape. Only relocate to the roof if necessary. _13_ Avoid power lines, as they are often damaged or knocked down during strong storms and flooding. A downed power line can cause s

22、urrounding water to become charged. leading to electrocution.ARoads and other paths will have been destroyed.BSit down with your family to establish a plan of action.CListen to emergency broadcasts for further instructions.DOnce there, signal for help, such as drawing SOS on it.EHere are some tips o

23、n how to survive a flood.FIf you have to go through water, bring a stick.GNever attempt to walk, swim or drive through floodwaters.04（2022上海市大同中学高三阶段练习）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given

24、 word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Most of us know to stay low to the floor if we are caught in a fire, or head to the basement if a tornados coming, or board up the window in a hurricane. But, the massive ea

25、rthquake that hit Haiti this month was a reminder that we are far _14_ (expert) in what to do when the ground below us shakes. If we are in a house or building, for example, our first impulse might be to run outside but, counter-intuitive (违反直觉的) _15_ it might sound, experts warn against that since

26、people are too often killed by falling debris as they try to escape.Given how many of us travel in quake-prone regions today, even folks _16_ dont reside in California should know how to survive an earthquake. But there are two different and _17_ (compete) schools of thought on the matter, both of w

27、hich are considered valid but perhaps not always in the same situations.The most conventional and widely accepted by the disaster-response community, is the “drop, cover and hold on” approach, _18_ urges people to take cover beneath something like a heavy table _19_ (avoid) falling objects. The seco

28、nd, newer method is known as “the triangle of life.” It recommends lying down in a fetal (胎儿的) position not under but next to furniture, as roofs and wall collapse atop those sofas and desks, buffer spaces are created that protect people from _20_ (crush).Over the past decade, an agreement has been

29、reached _21_ “drop, cover and hold on” is a more appropriate method for developed countries like the U. S, where improved construction _22_ (reduce) the likelihood of structures collapsing greatly. The triangle of life is thought to be more appropriate in developing nations like Haiti, where poor bu

30、ilding codes make finding a “survivable void” inside a collapsed building more important than protecting yourself from falling chandeliers. If youre going to play the odds, drip-and-cover _23_ be the best way to go, but a lot of emergency re-sponders might say triangle-of-life because they are the o

31、nes who see the fatalities in buildings that do collapse.参考答案：1C2D3D4B【解析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要讲述露营时如何在暴风雨中保证安全及安全野营的建议。1主旨大意题。根据第一段“Its a warm summer afternoon. Youre cooking over a campfire. Suddenly, a few raindrops fall on your arms, and before you know it, the sky is opened up. Then you hear what sounds

32、 like thunder in the distance. What should you do? Your tent is close by and would offer shelter from the pouring rain. Theres a campsite (野营地) a few minutes down the path. And then you remember that your car is parked down the road. Whats your safest choice to make sure you and your families are sa

33、fe? (这是一个温暖的夏日午后。你在篝火旁做饭。突然，几滴雨滴落在你的胳膊上。在你明白之前，天就开了。然后你听到远处的声音像雷声。你该怎么办？你的帐篷就在附近，可以躲避倾盆大雨。沿着小路走几分钟就有一个露营地。然后你记得你的车停在路上。为了确保你和你的家人安全，你最安全的选择是什么？)”以及下文可知，文章主要告诉我们露营时如何在暴风雨中保证安全及安全生存，故选C项。2细节理解题。根据第二段“Your car, on the other hand, will keep you dry and protect you from lightning strikes. (另一方面，你的车会让你保持干

34、燥，保护你免受闪电袭击。)”可知，为了躲避闪电，你最好进入车里，故选D项。3推理判断题。根据“Of course, if youre backpacking, not car camping, and if youre deep in the woods, your car wont be a good choice. So, what should you do if your car is far away and theres no other safe shelter nearby? First, youll have to make sure that tree limbs (大树枝

35、) or other objects dont fall on you or your campsite. Then youll have to get in a safe position to avoid lightning, or flash flood conditions. (当然，如果你是背包旅行，而不是汽车露营，如果你在树林深处，你的车将不是一个好的选择。那么，如果你的车很远，附近没有其他安全避难所，该怎么办？首先，你必须确保大树枝或其他物体不会落在你或你的露营地上。然后，你必须处于安全的位置，以避免闪电或山洪暴发状况。)”可知，在没有汽车的情况下露营时找到安全的庇护所很重要。故

36、选D项。4细节理解题。根据第二段“Protecting yourself against possible lightning strikes is very important; lightning kills an average of 62 people in the US each year. (保护自己免受可能的闪电袭击非常重要。在美国，闪电每年平均造成62人死亡。)”可知，闪电对宿营的人是很危险的，故选B项。5A6B7D8C【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要以“3月25日的中小学生安全日”为背景，列举讲述了来自踩踏事故，地震，火灾等方面的自我保护常识。5细节理解题。根据文章第二段内容

37、“The theme of the day this year is to give students more knowledge about safety and make sure their lives safe.(今年这一天的主题是给学生更多的安全知识，确保他们的生命安全。)”可知，今年的主题是给学生更多的安全知识，确保他们的生命安全。故选A项。6细节理解题。根据文章末尾段内容“When theres a fire, follow the teachers instructions, leave the classroom quickly and use a piece of clo

38、th to cover your mouth and nose so that you dont breathe in smoke.(当发生火灾时，按照老师的指示，迅速离开教室，用一块布盖住你的嘴和鼻子，以免吸入烟雾。)”可知，当发生火灾时，用一块布盖住嘴和鼻子，以免吸入烟雾。故选B项。7主旨大意题。通过阅读文章内容可知，文章的结构为总分结构，第一段讲述了文章的话题中心，“What should you do if theres an earthquake at school? How can you protect yourself when you are caught in a stam

39、pede? March 25th this year provides you with a good chance to learn about safety.(如果学校发生地震，你该怎么办? 当你遇到踩踏事件时，你如何保护自己? 今年3月25日是你学习安全知识的好机会。)”，即，文章主要以全国中小学生安全教育日为背景，讲述了如何在校园保护自己。选项D“How to protect yourself(如何保护自己)”贴合文章主题。故选D项。8推理判断题。根据文章前文“The main accidents come from stampedes, earthquakes, fires and

40、sports injuries.(主要事故来源于踩踏、地震、火灾和运动伤害。)”提及了校园安全事故主要来源于踩踏、地震、火灾和运动伤害，并在后文讲述了在踩踏、地震、火灾事故中如何保护自己，由此可推知，作者有可能会继续讲述在运动伤害中如何保护自己。故选C项。9E10G11A12C13D【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了面对突如其来的洪水时应该怎样保护自己。9上文“Being caught in a flood is incredibly dangerous.”（被洪水淹没是极其危险的。）说明面临洪水是极其危险的，E项中some tips是关键词，介绍在洪水中生存的建议，E项“以下是一些如何在洪水

41、中生存的建议。”符合题意。故选E。10下文“It only takes six inches of moving water to knock a person of their feet, and being knocked unconscious by a fall into moving water could be fatal. Additionally, as little as one foot of flood water can sweep cars away.”（只要六英寸高的流动的水就可以让一个人摔倒，跌入流动的水中昏倒可能是致命的。此外，只要一英尺的洪水就能把汽车冲走。）

42、说明在洪水中行走和驾车都是很危险的，G项“不要试图在洪水中行走、游泳或驾车。”符合题意。故选G。11上文“Watch out for damaged areas.”（注意受损区域。）说明要注意被损坏的区域，A项“道路和其他小路将被摧毁。”介绍了需要注意受损区域的原因，符合题意。故选A。12下文“If told to evacuate, do so as quickly as possible.”（如果被告知撤离，请尽快这样做。）说明要收听通知并尽快行动，C项中Listen to emergency broadcasts（收听紧急广播）是关键词，这可以让人收到撤离通知，C项“收听紧急广播，了解进

43、一步指示。”符合题意。故选C。13上文“Only relocate to the roof if necessary.”（只有在必要时才能迁移到屋顶上。）说明如非必要，尽量不要移动到屋顶上，D项“一到达屋顶就发出求救信号，比如在上面画SOS。”说明必要时，迁移到屋顶后应该采取的做法，符合题意。故选D。14less expert15though#as16who#that17competing18which19to avoid20being crushed21that22has reduced23may#might【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了遇到地震时应该怎么做才能避免受伤。14考查比较级

44、。句意：但去年袭击海地的大地震提醒我们，当我们脚下的地面震动时，我们对于做什么并不专业。结合上下文可知，此处在转折连词But之后，应该表示不专业，形容词expert应使用降级比较less expert（不如专业）。故填less expert。15考查让步状语从句。句意：但是，尽管听起来可能有点违反直觉，但是专家警告不要这样做，因为人们在试图逃跑时经常被掉落的碎片砸死。空格前是形容词counter-intuitive(违反直觉的)，结合句意可知应该填入让步状语从句引导词though/as(尽管)，构成倒装。故填though或as。16考查定语从句。句意：考虑到现在我们有多少人在地震多发地区旅行，

45、即使不是居住在加州的人也应该知道如何在地震中生存。分析句子可知，空格处为限制性定语从句，修饰先行词folks ，指人，关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作主语，应使用关系代词who或者that引导该定语从句。故填who/that。17考查形容词。句意：但在这一问题上有两种不同的、有时相互竞争的思想流派，它们都被认为是有效的，但可能并不总是在相同的情况下。与different相并列应该用形容词competing(有竞争性的)符合题意。故填competing。18考查定语从句。句意：灾难应对社区最传统、最广泛接受的方法是“放下、盖上并保持”方法，该方法敦促人们在沉重的桌子下去躲避物体。空格处引导非限定性

46、定语从句，修饰先行词the “drop, cover and hold on” approach，指物，在从句中作主语，应使用关系代词which引导该定语从句。故填which。19考查非谓语动词。句意：灾难应对社区最传统、最广泛接受的方法是“放下、盖上并保持”方法，该方法敦促人们在沉重的桌子下去躲避物体。空格处需要动词不定式，作目的状语。故填to avoid。20考查非谓语动词。句意：当屋顶和墙壁倒塌在沙发和书桌上面时，就会产生缓冲空间，保护人们免受挤压。from是介词，之后用动名词作宾语，people和crush是被动关系，所以用动名词的被动式。故填being crushed。21考查同位语

47、从句。句意：句意：在过去的十年里，双方达成了一项协议，即“放弃、保护和坚持”对于像美国这样的发达国家来说，这是一种更合适的方法，在美国，改进的建筑已经大大降低了建筑物倒塌的可能性。分析句子可知，“drop, cover and hold on is a more appropriate method for developed countries like the U. S”是对名词agreement的内容的解释说明，作同位语从句，用连词that引导。故填that。22考查时态。句意：在过去的十年里，双方达成了一项协议，即“放弃、保护和坚持”对于像美国这样的发达国家来说，这是一种更合适的方法，在美国，改进的建筑已经大大降低了建筑物倒塌的可能性。分析句子可知，提示词是定语从句中谓语动词，结合时间状语Over the past decade可知，主句用现在完成时，从句也用现在完成时，主语construction是不可数名词，谓语动词用单数。故填has reduced。23考查情态动词。句意：如果你打算冒险的话，drip-and-cover可能是最好的方式，但许多应急响应人员可能会说“生命三角”，因为他们是那些看到倒塌建筑物中死亡的人。结合句意和空格后动词原形可推知，应使用情态动词，表示可能性，用may或might均可。故填may/might。