Day 04 代词-2022年暑假新高一【初高中衔接】必备英语知识抢先学(通用版).docx

1、 2022年暑假新高一初高中衔接英语知识抢先学(通用版)英语词法篇代词用法一、 人称代词1. 人称代词作主语用主格，作宾语、表语用宾格，但应注意以下四种情况：作主语的人称代词如果孤立地使用于无谓语动词的句子中，或在这种句子中与动词不定式连用，常用宾格。Susan, go and join your sister cleaning the yard.Why me? John is sitting there doing nothing.句子中代词作宾语或宾语补足语时，与所替代的名词在人称、数、格以及意义上一般要保持前后一致。The thief was thought to be he.(the

2、thief是主格，故用he替代)They took me to be her.他们误以为我是她。(me是宾格，故用her替代)作表语的人称代词一般用宾格，但在强调句型中，被强调部分代词的格不变。I met her in the hospital. It was her who I met in the hospital.在比较级的句子中than、as后用主格、宾格都可以。如：He is taller than me(I).但在下列句中有区别：I like Jack as much as her.I like both Jack and her.I like Jack as much as sh

3、e.I like Jack and she likes him, too.2. 两个以上的人称代词并列，其次序排列原则：在并列主语中，I总是放在最后，排列顺序为：二 三 一(人称)。宾格me也一样。You, she and I will be in charge of the case.Mr. Zhang asked Li Hua and me to help him.二、 物主代词1. 注意名词性和形容词性物主代词各自的语法功能。2. ones own.of ones own句式的转换。3.某些固定结构中常用定冠词代替物主代词。take sb.by the arm，be wounded in

4、 the leg三、 反身代词1. 反身代词的语法功能：宾语、表语、主语或宾语的同位语。2. 反身代词和某些动词连用，构成固定短语。devote oneself to致力于dress oneself自己穿衣enjoy oneself过得快活feel oneself觉得正常3. 反身代词还可用于某些成语中。for oneself为自己；独立地of oneself自然地；自动地by oneself独自地in oneself本身四、 相互代词(each other，one another)相互代词无人称、数和格的区别，在句中作宾语。其所有格分别为each others，one anothers，作定

5、语。一般来说，each other指两者之间，one another指三者或三者以上之间，但现在区分已不明显。五、指示代词(this，that，these，those，such，same)指示代词具有形容词和代词两种词性，在句子中可以作定语、主语、宾语或表语等。1.指示代词this(these)和that(those)的区别。this(these)一般指时间或空间上较近的人或物；that(those)常指时间或空间上较远的人或物。This is my desk and that is yours.In those days they could not go to school.this常指后

6、面要讲到的事物，有启下的作用；that则指前面讲到过的事物，有承上的作用。I want to tell you this：the English party will be held on Saturday afternoon.He hurt his leg yesterday. Thats why he didnt come.为了避免重复，常用that或those代替前面已提过的名词。The weather of Beijing is colder than that of Nanjing.The ears of a rabbit are longer than those of a fox

7、.this在电话用语中用于作自我介绍，that用于询问对方；this和that可以当副词用，意思相当于副词so。Can hard work change a person that much?六、替代词的比较1. that(those), one(ones)和it(的替代用法)代词用法it特指前面提到过的同一个人或者物that可以指代前面出现过的不可数名词或单数可数名词，指代单数可数名词相当于the one。其复数形式为those，相当于the onesone指代前面出现过的那类事物中的一个，其复数形式为onesthose指the名词复数(尤其是有后置定语时)Did you get a tic

8、ket?你搞到票了吗？Yes, I managed to get one.是的，我设法搞到了一张。The weather of Beijing is colder than that of Guangzhou.北京的天气比广州冷。Studying Wendys menu，I found that many of the items are similar to those of McDonalds.研究了温迪的菜单，我发现其中很多东西和麦当劳的相似。The weather here is too cold. I dont like it. 这儿的天气太冷了，我不喜欢这儿的天气。2. anoth

9、er，the other，other，others，the others 代词用法other不能单独使用，只能修饰名词，表示泛指意义the otherthe other可单独使用，特指两个人或物中的另一个；也可修饰名词，表示另外的another单独使用或修饰单数可数名词，表示泛指另一，再一；泛指三者或三者以上的人或物中的另一个。另外another后可接基数词/few复数名词形式，表示另外的(多少)others单独使用，表示泛指意义，意为其他的人或事物，常与some一起出现the others意为剩余的一些His parents both work in a hospital. One is a

10、 doctor and the other is a nurse.他父母都在一家医院工作。一个是医生，一个是护士。When Americans moved from one place to another，they took their dialects with them.当美国人从一个地方迁移到另一个地方时，他们带着自己的方言。You are a team star！Working with others is really your cup of tea.你是队里的明星！与别人一起工作的确是你的所爱。I have three daughters. One is a nurse，anot

11、her is a teacher and still another is a worker.我有三个女儿。一个是护士，另一个是教师，还有一个是工人。We need another few chairs.我们还需要几把椅子。一、单项选择1. To get a good education, _.A. working hard is very importantB. it is essential to work hardC. one must work hardD. it is needed to work hard2. When_comes to the topic of politics,

12、 a right attitude is very important.A. whoB. thatC. somethingD. it3. I really think _ impossible to finish the work in such a short time.A. itB. thisC. themD. that4. The goods _on the Internet are cheaper than _ we buy in shops.A. be bought; thatB. bought; thoseC. bought; thatD. be bought; those5. M

13、any people expressed concern, but _were willing to help.A. the otherB. otherC. othersD. another6. He is a good leader who always thinks more of the public than of himself,_ we should follow the example of.A. whichB. the oneC. oneD. whoever7. A survey shows that senior high school students who are en

14、gaged in after-school activities are happier than _ who are not.A. thoseB. thatC. themD. they8. To my father, theres no greater happiness than_ of succeeding in his career.A. thatB. oneC. itD. other9. The pet dog in your hand is very nice. Is it _?Yes, but Ill give it to my friend Lucy as _ birthday

15、 present.A. yours; hersB. your; herC. yours; herD. you; her10. George Floyds killing was such a moment when white America finally understood how dangerous_ a Black man in the United States.A. it wasB. was it to beC. it was to beD. it was being11. It was _to be invited here today.A. great honourB. ho

16、nouringC. a great honourD. honoured12. Nowadays many old people raise dogs as pets to keep _company so that they will no longer feel lonely.A. themB. themselvesC. itD. itself13. _ took him 5 years to recover from the loss of his wife.A. ItB. HeC. ThatD. What14. Jim! Do you have a PC? Yes, I have _.

17、And I bought _ last month.A. it, thatB. it, oneC. one, itD. one, this15. Some teenagers spend too much time online, which, however, makes _ difficult for them _ on books.A. them, to focusB. it, to focusC. them, focusingD. it, focusing16. Every week, I write an email and tell my parents _ that happen

18、ed in our school.A. exciting somethingB. something excitingC. excited somethingD. something excited17. It is probably impossible for you to understand anything new without the mind referring to the basic knowledge _ has already obtained.A. itB. /C. thatD. which18. Children often play the games with

19、_ parents. A. hisB. herC. theirD. our19. Chinas 70 National Day parade on October 1st was an unforgettable moment, _ the whole nation will always treasure.A. thatB. oneC. itD. what20. I would appreciate _ if I could have the _ of giving a speech here.A. it；honourB. that；honourC. it；gloryD. that；glor

20、y21. A smile costs _, but gives much.A. anythingB. nothingC. everythingD. something22. When travelling in South-east Asia, we should pay attention to using _ hands to pass things to someone else.A. allB. eachC. bothD. either23. I would appreciate _ if you could give me early reply.A. youB. myselfC.

21、itD. them24. He made _a rule that everyone should arrive at the school at 6:00.A. thatB. itC. themD. those25. Its no use _ the problem again since he is so stubborn.A. discussingB. to discussC. being discussedD. having discussed26. Your sisters clothes are on the bed and _ are on the sofa.A. yoursB.

22、 yourC. hersD. her27. _ is not easy for the students to remember the words in a short time.A. ThatB. ThisC. ItD. What28. He found _ difficult to learn English well.A. itsB. itC. thatD. this29. This is _ dictionary. _ is better than JohnsA. her ;HersB. her ; hersC. hers ; HerD. hers; Hers30. The two

23、girls are so alike that strangers find _ difficult to tell one from the other.A. thatB. oneC. aD. it31. In china, the weather in the north is different from _ in the south.A. itB. oneC. thatD. those32. It is easy to do the repair. _ you need is a hammer and some nails.A. SomethingB. AllC. BothD. Eve

24、rything33. You re always working. Come on, lets go shopping. _ you ever want to do is going shopping.A. AnythingB. SomethingC. AllD. That34. The wild animals are in great danger now. Lets protect _.A. theyB. themC. their35. Are those books _?No, they are not mine. They belong to _.A. your; heB. your

25、s; herC. your; hersD. yours; she36. The young man found it difficult _ the volunteer club.A. joinB. to joinC. joiningD. joined37. Some fast-developing countries around the world dont care about protecting _ against environmental pollution.A. themselvesB. themC. itD. itself38. All the students are do

26、ing _ best to study for the exam.A. theyB. themC. theirD. themselves39. Mary, new copies of Alice in Wonderland are on sale now. Great! Lets go and buy _ this afternoon.A. itB. thatC. anyD. one40. Is there_with my computer, sir?Dont worry. Let me check it.A. wrong somethingB. something wrongC. anyth

27、ing wrongD. wrong anything二、语法填空1在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式或者一个单词。With the development of modem technology, people can stay _41_ (connect) with their families and friends easily, however far apart they are from each other. WeChat is one of _42_ most frequently used means of communication in China. It is repor

28、ted that the number of the WeChat users _43_ (reach) over 1.1 billion so far.Once _44_ (join) the WeChat, people can find more and more people start to add them as friends. They dont have to consider time _45_ (zone) when communicating. Another reason why it becomes so popular is that it costs nothi

29、ng. Its also very convenient for people to _46_ (immediate) update what they are doing by WeChat.However, addiction to WeChat will rob people of the time that should otherwise be spent _47_ something more important. And the many so-called friends on it are not really friends at all, _48_ simply want

30、 to put ads or sell items on Moments. Besides, people on the Wechat are more likely _49_ (compare) themselves with others, which will make them feel bad when finding some people seem to be _50_ (success).2阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。I visited the Muse dOrsay, _51_ is a world-famous art museum_52

31、_ (house) in an old railway building in Paris._53_(wander) through the Impressionist gallery, I appreciated masterpieces. Two of the greatest Impressionist painters that made the deepest impression_54_ me were Claude Monet and PierreAuguste Renoir. Monet was_55_(great) inspired by nature. Its said t

32、hat about 250 paintings by Monet including the famous piece Blue Water Lilies feature the same water lily pond, but all are in different colours and styles. Renoir preferred to paint_56_(scene) of everyday life. I _57_(strike) by the small areas of light across his 1876 masterpiece. Dance at Le Moul

33、in de la Galette. It was the _58_(similar) of the paintings _59_ impressed me deeply.The Impressionists vision has inspired and influenced a lot of _60_(paint).3阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Cultural TV programmes experienced a come-back at the start of 2017. Two weeks after the conclusion of the

34、hit show Chinese Poetry Competition 2, a new programme, Readers, has become widely popular, _61_(inspire) fresh enthusiasm for literature in China.The weekly talk show, _62_(produce) by renowned TV personality Dong Qing, invites people from all walks of life _63_(read) aloud excerpts of poems, essay

35、s and books they like or wrote. The participants also share stories from their own life explaining why particular pieces touched their hearts or shaped their lives.Since its first broadcast on CCTV-1, Readers has enjoyed_64_instant success and struck thousands of people. Through the poetic words, Re

36、aders has brought the _65_(lose) habit of reading aloud back into the public spotlight.Readers is one of the culture-themed TV programmes_66_(restore) the countrys passion for literature in recent years. Its success is very _67_(encourage) in todays television world where reality shows _68_(play) a

37、leading part so far.With more people_69_(reflect) on their own_70_(read) habits, the question now is: when is the last time you read a poem or book excerpts aloud?4阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容或括号单词的正确形式.On October 23, 2018, President Xi Jinping announced the opening of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge (HZMB)

38、 in Zhuhai, Guangdong province.The HZMB _71_ (locate) at the waters of the Lingding Sea, is a huge sea-crossing project, linking Hong Kong, Macao and the Chinese mainland city of Zhuhai. As the worlds _72_ (long) sea-based project, the 55-kilometre bridge is the result of five years of research and

39、another nine years of building. It has been described as one of the seven _73_ (wonder) of the modern world.The project _74_ (make) up of several parts. It is designed with _75_ service life of 120 years. It can withstand very strong winds. The bridges engineers had to consider many environmental fa

40、ctors _76_ (protect) the surrounding environment while building the bridge. Chinese white dolphins, an _77_ (endanger) species that lives in the area, _78_ (be) a particular concern.The HZMB will make _79_ much more convenient to travel between the three areas it connects. It will bring people in Ho

41、ng Kong, Macao and Guangdong within a “one-hour living circle”, _80_ is expected to attract more visitors. It will be a transport link as well as a social, economic, cultural, and tourism connection among the three areas.5阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的 正确形式。Jim is an eight-year-old boy. One day, wh

42、en he went to the countryside with his parents, he caught a beautiful bird in the woods. _81_ his father tried very hard to persuade him to let it go, Jim still decided _82_ (keep) it.After _83_ (come) back from the countryside, Jim bought a beautiful cage and kept the little bird in it. In order to

43、 make the bird happy, he _84_ (feed) it with nice food. He thought the bird lived _85_ (happy) with him because it didnt have to try hard to find food. _86_, the bird didnt look happy. It always looked out of the cage, staring _87_ the sky. And it never sang.One day his father said to him, “You shou

44、ld let the bird go now. It would be much _88_ (good) for it to live in the woods than here. If you continue to keep it, it may die.” But Jim didnt follow his fathers _89_ (suggest). The bird was still kept in the cage.One morning, when Jim went to play with the bird as usual, he found that the bird

45、_90_ (die). Jim was very sad and regretted not letting it go. But it was already too late.6阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。One of the worlds most famous composers is Ludwig van Beethoven.Beethoven came from a large family and had a father_91_was interested in music. As a young boy, his talent for mu

46、sic_92_(recognize), and it is said that his father was strict with himsometimes getting him out of bed late at night to practise_93_the early morning. He gave his first public concert at the age of seven and his first music was published when he was twelve. He became famous for composing classical a

47、nd romantic music. However, by his mid-twenties he had lost his ability_94_(hear) the high sounds. In time he became_95_(complete) deaf but still continued to compose music. Fortunately, Beethoven had such a rich_96_(music) experience that, although he could not hear the_97_(instrument) being played

48、, he could still “hear” the sound they made in his head.Scientists who have studied_98_ability of deaf people to be able to play and compose music believe that this “feeling” of the music_99_(give) them a similar experience to other people who can hear the music.Although Beethoven died in 1827, the

49、music_100_(compose) by him is still alive today and is enjoyed by many people throughout the world.参考答案一、1. C【解析】考查代词和情态动词。句意：为了得到良好的教育，一个人必须努力工作。分析可知，句子表示“为了得到良好的教育，一个人必须努力工作”，用one泛指一个人，作句子的主语，且与to get a good eduaction构成逻辑主谓关系；“必须”是must，“努力工作”是work hard，因此空格处是one must work hard。A，C，D选项中均缺少动作“get a

50、good education”的逻辑主语，故选C。2. D【解析】考查代词词义辨析。句意：当谈到政治这个话题时，一个正确的态度是非常重要的。A. who谁；B. that那；C. something某事；D. it它。固定句型when it comes to(当谈到时)，其中it(它)是代词，在从句中作主语，符合句意。故选D项。3. A【解析】考查代词it。句意：我真的认为在这么短的时间内完成工作四不可能的。分析句子可知，空格处是形式宾语，impossible是形容词，真正的宾语是不定式短语“ to finish the work in such a short time”，用形式宾语it，故

51、选A。4. B【解析】考查非谓语动词和代词。句意：在网上买的商品比我们在商店里买的便宜。第一空，分析句子，空处作非谓语动词，动词buy与逻辑主语The goods之间是被动关系，应用过去分词形式作后置定语，应用bought；第二空，比较状语从句中，为了避免重复，当比较对象一致时，应用that替代单数名词、用those替代复数名词，本句中The goods是复数，空处应用those。故选B项。5. C【解析】考查不定代词词义辨析。句意：许多人表达了关心，但其他人愿意帮忙。A. the other（两者中的）另一个；B. other其他，另外；C. others其他人；D. another（三者及

52、以上中的）另一个。根据句意和句中“were”可知，句子主语应用复数形式，故“the other”和“another”排除，“other”后需加可数名词复数作主语，故排除，“others”相当于“other+可数名词复数”，表示“其他人”，符合句意。故选C项。6. C【解析】考查代词。句意：他是一个好领导，总是想着大众而不是自己，这就是我们应该学习的一个榜样。分析句意可知，代词one是前面的a (good) leader的同位语，是句子中的表语a (good) leader进行进一步的补充说明，而we should follow the example of是定语从句，做后置定语修饰one，该定

53、语从句的关系代词代替先行词one，在从句中做of的宾语，所以关系代词可以省略。故选C项。7. A【解析】考查代词。句意：一项调查表明：参加课外活动的学生要比不参加课外活动的学生要更开心。空格处是先行词，指代那些不参加课外活动的学生，为同类异物指代，因此用those。故选A。8. A【解析】考查不定代词。句意：对我父亲来说，没有什么比他在事业取得成功更大的幸福了。浏览选项，“that”代指前面提及的同类但并非同一事物，符合语境；“one”代指前面提到的同类人或物（可数名词）中的一个；“it”表特指，代替前面提到的那个特定的事物；“other”意为“其他”，指其余的人或事物，均不符合语境。故选A项

54、。9. C【解析】考查代词。你手里的宠物狗很漂亮，是你的吗？是的，但是我将把它送给我的朋友卢西作为她的生日礼物。第一空填名词性物主代词yours，意为“你的狗”，作表语；第二空填形容词性物主代词her，意为“她的”，作定语修饰birthday present，故选C10. C【解析】考查it用法。句意：George Floyd的遇害是这样一个时刻：美国白人终于明白在美国做黑人是多么危险。分析句子结构可知，understood后是一个宾语从句，从句中缺少主系部分，其中it作形式主语，不定式to do作真正的主语。故选C。11. C【解析】考查名词的数。句意：今天被邀请到这里来是极大的荣幸。分析句

55、子结构可知，这是固定句型It is/was +名词/形容词+动词不定式，it是形式主语，真正的主语是不定式to be invited here，抽象名词honour意为“荣幸”，表示具体的事物时候，是可数名词，前面可以用a/an修饰，根据great首字母是辅音音素，因此，应该用a修饰，即 a great honour。故选C项。12. A【解析】考查代词。句意：现在很多老年人养狗作为宠物来陪伴他们，这样他们就不再感到孤独。根据句意，空格处指代上文提到的“old people”，故用人称代词宾格them，themselves他们自己，是反身代词；it它，是单数；itself它自己，是反身代词。故

56、选A。13. A【解析】考查it作形式主语。句意：他花了5年时间才从失去妻子的痛苦中恢复过来。本句使用了it作形式主语的句式：It takes sb. time to do sth.，意为“花费某人时间做某事”。it为形式主语，to do为真正的主语。选项A符合题意，故选A。14. C【解析】考查代词的辨析。句意：吉姆！你有一台电脑吗？是的，我有一台。我上个月买的。one用于指代前文提到的一类物品中的一个，为泛指；it用于指代上文提到的物品本身。第一空泛指“一台电脑”，用one；第二空表示Jim的那台电脑，用it。故选C项。15. B【解析】考查固定短语。句意：一些青少年花太多的时间在网络上，

57、然而，这却使他们集中精力在书本上就变得很难了。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里考查固定短语“make it+n./adj.+（for sb.）to do sth.”使（某人）做某事是怎么样的。“it”是形式宾语，n./adj.是宾补，动词不定式短语“to do sth.”是真正的宾语，sb.是动词不定式动作的逻辑主语。由此可知，第一个空填“it”，第二个空填“to focus”。故选B。16. B【解析】考查不定代词和形容词。句意：每周，我写一封电子邮件，告诉我的父母在我们学校发生的一些令人兴奋的事情。由句意可知，空处缺少宾语“一些令人兴奋的事情”，不定代词something作宾语，修饰不定代词s

58、omething应用-ing形式的形容词作定语，且定语后置，故选B项。17. A【解析】考查代词。句意：如果你的大脑没有参考它已经获得的基本知识，你可能不可能理解任何新的东西。分析句子结构可知，定语从句先行词为the basic knowledge ，在定语从句中作动词 obtained的宾语。定语从句中缺少主语，所以从句中用代词it，代指前面的名词mind。故选A。18. C【解析】考查形容词性物主代词。句意：孩子们经常与他们的父母做游戏。A. his他的；B. her她的；C. their他们的；D. our我们的。与前面的Children一致，此处指“他们的”，故选C。19. B【解析】

59、考查代词词义辨析。句意：中国10月1日举行的国庆阅兵是一个让人难忘的时刻，一个整个国家都会永远珍惜的时刻。分析句子成分可知，空格处可以填非限制性定语从句的引导词which或者填代词作同位语指代前面的an unforgettable moment，根据语法规则可知，one可以作同位语代指a/an+名词，且在词句中one作先行词；“the whole nation will always treasure”作定语修饰one，且定语从句中缺少宾语省略关系代词。故选B。20. A【解析】考查代词it和名词辨析。句意： 如果我荣幸在这里作演讲我将不胜感激。I would appropriate it i

60、f.“如果将不胜感激”是固定句型，it是形式宾语，honour“荣誉；面子；荣幸” 侧重于指高尚的行为，比如忠诚，诚实而受到赞誉，可表示“被引以为荣的人或物”。have the honour of doing sth.“有幸做某事”，glory “光荣”侧重于获得的令人称颂的光荣或荣誉地位。根据句意，此处表示“引以为傲的事情”。故选A。21. B【解析】考查不定代词。句意：微笑不费吹灰之力，却能带来更多。A.anything任何东西；B. nothing 没有什么；C. everything每件事情；D. something某事，某物。根据句意可知表示微笑不费吹灰之力，用nothing符合题意

61、。故选B。22. C【解析】考查代词。句意：在东南亚旅游时，要注意用双手递东西给别人。A. all（三者以上）都；B. each每个；C. both（两者）都；D. either两者中任何一个。根据“hands”和常识可知，用两只手把东西递给别人。故选C。23. C【解析】考查代词。句意：如果你能给我早期回复的话我会非常感激。A.you你们，你；B.myself我自己；C.it它；D. them他们。结合句子可知在动词appreciate（感激）之后用it作形式宾语，if从句作真正的宾语从句。故选C。24. B【解析】考查it作形式宾语的用法。句意：他规定每个人都要在6点到学校。A. that

62、那、那个；B. it它；C. them他（她，它）们；D. those那些。观察句子可知，that引导的句子为宾语从句，为made真正的宾语，放在made后用it作形式宾语。故选B项。25. A【解析】考查it作形式主语和非谓语动词。句意：再讨论这个问题没有用，因为他很固执。it is no use doing sth.表示“做某事没有用”，其中it作形式主语，真正的主语为动名词短语且表主动，所以应填discussing。故选A。26. A【解析】考查代词。句意：你姐姐的衣服在床上，你的在沙发上。此处作主语，表示“你的衣服”应用名词性物主代词yours。故选A。27. C【解析】考查it作形式

63、主语。句意：学生在短时间内记住单词是不容易的。It is not easy forsb. to do sth.做某事对某人来说是不容易的，固定句型；此处it作形式主语，真正的主语的动词不定式。故选C。28. B【解析】考查it做形式宾语。句意：我发现学习英语很难。主语+find/think+it+形容词+to do sth. 发现/认为做某事怎么样，固定句型，此处it在句中做形式宾语，真正的宾语是动词不定式。故选B。29. A【解析】考查物主代词。句意：这是她的字典。她的比约翰的好。分析可知，第一空用形容词性物主代词作定语，为her；第二空用名词性物主代词作主语，是hers，位于句首，首字母大

64、写，因此为Hers，故选A。30. D【解析】考查代词的用法。句意：这两个女孩长得如此像，以致于陌生人觉得很难把她们区分开。本句中it用在find后作形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式短语to tell one from the other。that“那个”，特指上文提到不可数名词或者可数名词单数；one泛指上文提到的可数名词单数；a“一”等词均不能作形式宾语或形式主语。故选D。31. C【解析】考查代词辨析。句意：在中国，北方的天气与南方的不同。A.it它；B.one一个；C.that那个；D.those那些。分析可知，句中相互比较的是南方和北方的天气，空格处是“天气”weather，是

65、不可数名词，指代上文的不可数名词应用that，故选C。32. B【解析】考查代词。句意：做修理活是很容易的。你所需的东西只是一把锤子和一些钉子。A.Something某物；B. All所有；C. Both两者都；D. Everything一切，常指事情或情况，强调个体，无确定范围。根据后文“a hammer and some nails”可知表明特定范围的所有东西，应用all。故选B。33. C【解析】考查定语从句。句意：你总是在工作。来吧，我们去购物。你唯一想做的就是去购物。分析句子结构可知，“_ you ever want to do”在句子中作主语，且空格后面的句子缺少宾语，此处可用wh

66、at引导主语从句或者all that引导定语从句，其中that作宾语可以省略。故选C。34. B【解析】考查代词。句意：野生动物现在处于极大的危险中。让我们保护它们。代指前句中的wild animals，在句中作动词protect的宾语，所以用人称代词的宾格形式。故选B。35. B【解析】考查代词。句意：那些书是你的吗？不，它们不是我的。它们属于她。首先看空格一，空格后无名词，故空格处应用名词性物主代词，“your”意为“你的，你们的”，为形容词性物主代词，“yours”意为“你的，你们的”，为名词性物主代词，相当于“your books”，故空格一用“yours”；再看空格二，“to”为介词

67、，后应接代词宾格，“he”意为“他”，为人称代词主格，“her”意为“她”，为人称代词宾格，符合句意，“hers”意为“她的”，为名词性物主代词，“she”意为“她”，为人称代词主格，均不符合语境，故空格二应用“her”。故选B项。36. B【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：这个年轻人发现很难加入志愿者俱乐部。此处为find it adj. to do sth.表示“发现做某事怎么样”，it作形式宾语，不定式为真正宾语。故选B。37. A【解析】考查代词。句意：世界上一些快速发展的国家并不关心保护自己免受环境污染。结合语境可知，主语和宾语所指相同，宾语应用反身代词，主语countries是复数，故

68、此处应用themselves。故选A。38. C【解析】考查代词。句意：所有的学生都在尽全力准备考试。A.they他们（主格）；B.them他们（宾格）；C.their他们的（作定语）；D.themselves他们自己（反身代词）。固定短语do ones best to do sth.“尽力去做某事”，所以此处要用形容词性代词their。故选C项。39. D【解析】考查代词。句意：玛丽，爱丽丝梦游仙境的新书正在出售。太好了！我们下午就去买一本吧。A.it“代指上文中的同一个”；B.that“特指上文中的同一类”；C.any“任何”；D.one“泛指上文中的同类中的一个”。结合句意可知，说的是去

69、买一本（泛指同类中的一本），故选D项。40. C【解析】考查固定用法。句意：先生，我的电脑有什么问题吗？不要担心。让我检查一下。此处为一般疑问句，应用anything，表示“有问题，出毛病”应用anything wrong，形容词后置修饰不定代词。故选C。二、141. connected42. the43. has reached44. joining45. zones46. immediately47. on48. who49. to compare50. successful【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章介绍了微信给人们带来方便的同时，也存在着一些弊端。41. 考查形容词。句意：随着现代技术

70、的发展，人们可以很容易地与家人和朋友保持联系，不管他们相距多远。系动词stay后用形容词connected作表语，意为“有联系的”，stay connected with“与保持联系”。故填connected。42. 考查冠词。句意：微信是中国最常用的通讯方式之一。根据句意和most frequently可知，句中使用多音节副词frequently的最高级形式作状语，应加定冠词the。故填the。43. 考查时态及主谓一致。句意：据报道，到目前为止，微信的用户数量已经超过11亿。分析句子可知，提示词是从句谓语动词，结合时间状语so far可知，应使用现在完成时，“the number of+复

71、数名词”作主语时，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填has reached。44. 考查非谓语动词。句意：一旦加入微信，人们会发现越来越多的人开始添加他们为好友。分析句子可知，join(加入)与连词Once一起构成时间状语，应用非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语people之间是主动关系，应用现在分词，表主动。故填joining。45. 考查名词复数。句意：他们在交流时不需要考虑时区。结合主语They可知，“他们”不用考虑“他们的时区”，可数名词zone是复数概念，前面没有冠词，应用其复数形式。故填zones。46. 考查副词。句意：它也非常方便，人们可以通过微信立即更新他们正在做的事情。根据句意可知，

72、此处修饰动词update，应用副词形式immediately，意为“立即，马上”。故填immediately。47. 考查介词。句意：然而，对微信上瘾会剥夺人们本该花在更重要事情上的时间。spend time on sth.为固定搭配，意为“花时间在上”，句中使用了其被动语态形式time be spent on sth.。故填on。48. 考查定语从句。句意：朋友圈里那些所谓的朋友其实并不是真正的朋友，他们只是想在朋友圈里放广告或者卖东西。分析句子可知，空格处为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词friends，指人，关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作主语，应使用关系代词who引导。故填who。49. 考

73、查非谓语动词。句意：此外，微信上的人更有可能将自己与他人进行比较，这将使他们在发现一些人似乎很成功时感到糟糕。be likely to do.是固定搭配，意为“有可能”。故填to compare。50. 考查形容词。句意：此外，微信上的人更有可能将自己与他人进行比较，这将使他们在发现一些人似乎很成功时感到糟糕。空处作表语，表示“成功的”，应用形容词successful。故填successful。251. which52. housing53. wandering54. on55. greatly56. scenes57. was struck58. similarity59. that60.

74、painters【解析】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了我参观了Muse d Orsay，这是一个世界闻名的艺术博物馆，从中欣赏了许多印象派名作，以及印象派画家的视野启发并影响了很多画家。51. 考查定语从句。句意：我参观了Muse d Orsay，这是一个世界闻名的艺术博物馆，坐落在巴黎的一个旧铁路建筑里。先行词Muse dOrsay在which引导的非限制性定语从句中作主语成分。故填which。52. 考查非谓语动词。句意：我参观了Muse d Orsay，这是一个世界闻名的艺术博物馆，坐落在巴黎的一个旧铁路建筑里。该句谓语是is，所以此处为非谓语形式，art museum和house“坐落，居

75、住”为主谓关系用现在分词形式。故填housing。53. 考查非谓语动词。句意：漫步在印象派画廊时，我欣赏了许多名作。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语形式，I和wander为主谓关系，为现在分词作时间状语。故填wandering。54. 考查介词。句意：克劳德莫奈和皮埃尔奥古斯特雷诺阿是印象最深的两位最伟大的印象派画家。由make an impression on sb“给某人留下印象”为固定短语，满足句意。故填on。55. 考查副词。句意：莫奈深受自然的启发。由副词修饰动词可知，此处为副词greatly形式动词inspired。故填greatly。56. 考查名词。句意：雷诺阿更喜欢描绘日常生活的

76、场景。由paint和空后的of everyday life可知，此处为名词形式为，结合句意“日常生活的场景”为scene的复数形式。故填scenes。57. 考查时态和语态。句意：我被他1876年的杰作上的小片光线所震撼。I和strike的关系为被动关系，结合文章时态为一般过去时。故填was struck。58. 考查名词。句意：正是这两幅画的相似性给我留下了深刻的印象。由the后加名词可知，此处为名词的填入，similarity为不可数名词。故填similarity。59. 考查强调句式。句意：正是这两幅画的相似性给我留下了深刻的印象。分析句子可知，此处为it is/wasthat的强调句型

77、，被强调部分为事物，为强调句子主语。故填that。60. 考查名词。句意：印象派画家的视野启发并影响了很多画家。由动词“inspired and influenced”启发和影响可知，此处为名词painter“画家”，结合a lot of后为名词的复数形式。故填painters。361. inspiring62. produced63. to read64. an65. lost66. to restore67. encouraging68. have played69. reflecting70. reading【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了旨在恢复人们对于文学热情的节目朗读者，该节目由

78、董卿制作和主持，受到了观众的热烈欢迎。61. 考查非谓语动词。句意：在热播节目中国诗词大会2结束两周后，一个新节目朗读者广受欢迎，激发了中国文学的新热情。分析句子结构可知，has become 是句子的谓语，设空处需填入非谓语动词作状语，动词inspire与其逻辑主语Readers之间是主谓关系，因而需用现在分词形式表示主动。故填inspiring。62. 考查非谓语动词。句意：由著名电视名人董卿制作和主持的每周脱口秀节目，邀请各界人士大声朗读他们喜欢或写的诗歌、散文和书籍的节选。分析句子结构可知，invites是句子的谓语，设空处需填入非谓语动词作状语，动词produce与其逻辑主语talk

79、 show之间是动宾关系，因而需填过去分词形式表示被动。故填produced。63. 考查非谓语动词。句意：同上。短语invite sb to do表示“邀请某人做某事”，因而设空处需填入动词不定式。故填to read。64. 考查冠词。句意：自CCTV-1首次播出以来，朗读者获得了立竿见影的成功，感动了成千上万的人。本句中的success表示“成功的人或事”，为可数名词，因而设空处需填入不定冠词，泛指“一次成功”，instant以元音因素开头，前面的不定冠词需用an。故填an。65. 考查形容词。句意：通过这些诗意的文字，朗读者把失去的大声朗读的习惯带回到了公众的聚光灯下。分析句子结构可知，

80、设空处需填入形容词作定语，修饰名词habit。故填lost。66. 考查非谓语动词。句意：朗读者是近年来以文化为主题的电视节目之一，旨在唤回国民对文学的热情。分析句子结构可知，设空处作目的状语，需填入动词不定式。故填to restore。67. 考查形容词。句意：它的成功在今天的电视界非常的令人鼓舞，到目前为止，真人秀节目已经发挥了主导作用。分析句子可知，设空处需填入形容词作表语，主语为Its success，指物，修饰物用ing结尾的形容词，encouraging意为“令人鼓舞的”。故填encouraging。68. 考查时态。句意：同上。分析句子结构可知，设空处缺少从句的谓语，由主句的一般

81、现在时和从句中的so far可知，从句使用现在完成时，从句主语reality shows为复数形式。故填have played。69. 考查非谓语动词。句意：随着越来越多的人在反思自己的阅读习惯，现在的问题是：你最后一次大声朗读诗或书是什么时候？分析句子可知，此处为with的复合结构，且该句中宾语people与reflect之间是主谓关系，因此需使用现在分词形式作宾语补足语，表示主动。故填reflecting。70. 考查动名词。句意：同上。名词短语reading habits表示“阅读习惯”，在本句中作介词on的宾语。故填reading。471. located72. longest73.

82、wonders74. is made75. a76. to protect77. endangered78. were79. it80. which【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是中国建造了香港珠海澳门大桥以及其影响。71. 考查非谓语动词。句意：港珠澳大桥位于伶仃海水域，是连接香港、澳门和中国内地城市珠海的大型跨海工程。分析句子结构可知，句中谓语是is，空格处用非谓语动词，HZMB和locate之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，因此空格处用过去分词表被动，故填located。72. 考查形容词最高级。句意：作为世界上最长的海基项目，这座55公里长的大桥是5年研究和9年建设的结果。由“the wor

83、lds”可知，句子表示“作为世界上最长的海基项目”，空格处用形容词最高级，故填longest。73. 考查名词的数。句意：它被称为现代世界七大奇迹之一。seven后应用可数名词复数，故填wonders。74. 考查短语和时态。句意：该项目由几个部分组成。be made up of是固定短语，意为“由组成”，句子描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，主语project是单数，因此空格处用is made，故填is made。75. 考查冠词。句意：设计使用寿命为120年。“service life”意为“使用寿命”，表泛指，前面需加不定冠词，service是辅音音素开头，因此不定冠词用a，故填a。76.

84、 考查不定式。句意：大桥的工程师在建造大桥时，必须考虑许多环境因素来保护周围的环境。根据语境可知，句子表示“大桥的工程师在建造大桥时，必须考虑许多环境因素来保护周围的环境”，空格处用不定式表目的，故填to protect。77. 考查形容词。句意：生活在该地区的濒危物种中华白海豚尤其令人担忧。修饰名词species用形容词，endangered濒危的，符合题意，故填endangered。78. 考查时态和主谓一致。句意同上，主语“Chinese white dolphins”是复数，且句子描述过去的事情，用一般过去时，故填were。79. 考查形式宾语。句意：港珠澳大桥将使它连接的三个地区之间

85、的交通更加方便。分析可知，此处用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式，故填it。80. 考查非限定性定语从句。句意：它将使香港、澳门和广东的人们形成一个“一小时生活圈”，预计将吸引更多的游客。关系词指代前面整个主句内容并在非限定性定语从句中作主语，故填which。581. Though/Although/While82. to keep83. coming84. fed85. happily86. However87. at88. better89. suggestion90. had died【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一个8岁小男孩和父母去乡下时捉到一只小鸟，带回后整天关在笼子

86、里，最后小鸟死了，他后悔不听父亲将小鸟放飞的建议。81. 考查状语从句连接词。句意：尽管他的父亲尽力去说服他释放小鸟，但是Jim还是坚持要养小鸟。根据句意，空格后的句子是让步状语从句，和主句在意思上不一致，存在转折关系，用though/although/while (尽管)，且在句首，首字母要大写。故填Though/Although/While。82. 考查动词不定式。句意：虽然他的父亲尽力去说服他释放小鸟，但是Jim还是坚持要养小鸟。decided to do sth.，表示“决定做某事”，用动词不定式（to do）形式。故填to keep。83. 考查动名词。句意：从乡下回来，Jim买来一

87、只漂亮的鸟笼将小鸟关在里面。根据句意可知，空格前After是介词，后面要跟动名词（doing）形式。故填coming。84. 考查时态。句意：为了让鸟高兴，他给小鸟喂好吃的食物。此处缺乏谓语，根据文章可知在讲过去的事情，整体时态是一般过去时。故填fed。85. 考查副词。句意：他原以为小鸟会幸福地和他一起生活，因为它不必出去寻找食物。分析句子结构可知，用副词作状语修饰前面的动词lived。故填happily。86. 考查副词。句意：然而小鸟看起来却不高兴。根据上句小鸟不必出去寻找食物，他觉得是好事。但由后句可知小鸟却不高兴，因此存在转折关系，又因为空格后有逗号，可知只能填表转折的副词howev

88、er，且在句首，首字母应大写。故填However。87. 考查介词。句意：它总是望着笼子外面，凝视着天空。stare at盯着看，凝视。故填at。88. 考查比较级。句意：小鸟生活在森林里要比在鸟笼里好。根据语境以及后面的than可知，这里将在森林里和在鸟笼里两种环境进行比较，much +比较级。故填better。89. 考查名词。句意：但是Jim没有听从他父亲的建议。根据空格前his fathers 为名词所有格，后面要跟名词。名词suggestion为不可数名词。故填suggestion。90. 考查时态。句意：一天早晨，当Jim像以往去和小鸟玩的时候，他却发现小鸟已经死了。此处从句缺乏谓

89、语，根据语境可知，从句谓语动词die (死)应该发生在主句谓语动词found (发现)之前，表示“过去的过去”，用过去完成时。故填had died。691. who/that92. was recognized93. in94. to hear95. completely96. musical97. instruments98. the99. gives100. composed【解析】本文是一篇人物传记，介绍了伟大的作曲家贝多芬的音乐之路。91. 考查定语从句。句意：贝多芬出身于一个大家庭，他的父亲对音乐感兴趣。关系词指代先行词father 并在定语从句中作主语.故填who/that。92.

90、 考查时态语态。句意：当他还是个小男孩时，人们就公认他有音乐天赋，据说他的父亲对他很严格，有时会让他凌晨起床，一早就练习。talent与recognize之间是被动关系，再结合时间状语“As a young boy”可知，用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was recognized。93. 考查介词。句意同上，in the early morning一大早，在句中作时间状语。故填in。94. 考查不定式。句意：然而，到了20多岁的时候，他已经失去了听高音的能力。ability后常接不定式作后置定语。故填to hear。95. 考查副词。句意：后来他完全聋了，但仍继续作曲。修饰形容词deaf用副词，

91、作状语。故填completely。96. 考查形容词。句意：贝多芬有着丰富的音乐经验，尽管他听不到演奏的乐器，但他仍然能“听到”这些乐器在他脑中发出的声音。修饰名词experience 用形容词，作定语，表示“音乐的”。故填musical。97. 考查名词的数。句意同上，此处缺少名词作动词hear的宾语，后面的they表明此处用可数名词复数。故填instruments。98. 考查定冠词。句意：研究聋人演奏和作曲能力的科学家认为，这种音乐的“感觉”给了他们与其他能听到音乐的人类似的体验。根据空后的“of deaf people to be able to play and compose music”可至此处为特指概念。故填the。99. 考查时态。句意同上，陈述的是客观发现，用一般现在时，主语是单数。故填gives。100. 考查非谓语动词。句意：尽管贝多芬于1827年去世，但他创作的音乐流传至今，并为全世界许多人所喜爱。此处使用非谓语动词作后置定语，music与compose之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，用过去分词表被动。故填composed。