Unit 1 Nature in the balance 词汇讲解 配套习题【新教材】牛津译林版（2020）必修第三册.docx

1、1. harm vt. & n. 伤害harmful adj. 伤害的harmless adj. 无害的2. length 倍数+the size/length/weight.+ofin length在长度上3. shelter4. various adj. 各种各样的vary v. 变化variety n. 变化;种类【同】different adj. 不同的，各种各样的differ v. 不同，相异difference n. 区别，不同5. Extinction6. survive vi.& vt.生存;挺过(难关)survival n.幸存survivor n.幸存者7. in turn

2、 反过来，转过来（1）turn out“结果;证明是”（2）turn around转身;翻转（3）turn to求助于（4）turn against与反目,背叛（5）turn.away不准进入（6）turn in上交;交还（7）turn over打翻;移交（8）turn down关小(音量等);拒绝（9）turn up出现,到场,出席;调大(音量等)【即时训练】语境串词选turn短语的合适形式填空(1) She refused to _ the noisy music when her neighbors wanted to sleep. The neighbors had no choice

3、 but _ the police for help.(2) It _ that the conference was held as scheduled. However, people without permission _ for the sake of safety. Telephones were forbidden, so whoever attended the meeting should _ their mobile phones. Suddenly, surrounded by several guards, the president _. She was so exc

4、iting that she _ the bottle of water in front of her. Everyone _ to see what happened. She stood up immediately and swore it was only a coincidence and nothing could _ her _ her country.【参考答案】(1) turn down; to turn to (2) turned out; were turned away; turn in; turn up; turned over; turn around; turn

5、, against.8. break down 分解；故障break away (from.) 逃脱；脱离break in 打断，插嘴；强行闯入break into 强行进入；突然开始(笑、欢呼等)break off 使折断；突然终止；中断(谈话等)break out (战争、火灾等)突然发生，爆发break up 打碎；(关系)破裂；(会议等)结束break through 突破【即时训练】. 语法填空(1)The students are required to break _ from these bad habits.(2)It was reported that the fire b

6、roke_during the midnight.(3)She broke _ a piece of chocolate and gave it to me.(4)We arrived at work in the morning and found that somebody had broken _the office during the night. 完成句子(5) Lets break down the project into smaller parts in order to deal with them one by one. (6) If the car should bre

7、ak down on the way, you would have to walk back. (7) You will break down if you take on more work than you can. (8) News reports say peace talks between the two countries have broken down with no agreement reached. 【参考答案】 (1)away (2)out (3)off (4)into (5) 分解(6 出故障(7) 身体垮掉(8) 失败9. disappear vi. 消失;失踪

8、disappearance n. 消失【反】appear vi. 出现appearance n. 出现appearance n. 外观；外貌;出现appear v. 出现；显得【反】disappearance n. 消失disappear v.消失；失踪10. due to= as a result of = because of+n. 因为11. Impact12. damage【温馨贴士】damage, destroy和ruin的用法区别damage:是程度较小的“破坏,损坏”,强调价值、用途降低或外表损坏等;一般指被破坏的物品可以重新修复。destroy:常指彻底的、不能或很难修复的“破

9、坏,毁坏”,程度较深,强调“毁坏”的力度和彻底性;也可用于损坏抽象的东西,比如名誉、计划、努力、契约等。ruin:亦指彻底毁掉,但不是以某种摧毁性的力量进行破坏,而含有在一定的过程中逐渐毁掉,强调使某物失去优良的特性或特征。【即时训练】I. 语境串词选用ruin、damage、destroy的合适形式填空(1)When he returned to Rockaway the next day, they found their neighborhood in, which _ their hope.(2)The heavy rain the house. The owner wanted to

10、 have it repaired in case of _ completely the next time.【参考答案】(1) ruins; ruined (2) damaged; being destroyedII.句型转换It rained for two weeks, which completely ruined our holidays.It rained for two weeks, .(现在分词作状语)【参考答案】 completely ruining our holidays 13. come up with 想起1）come down with a disease患病co

11、me down on.责备come down to earth回到现实中来come down to business开始认真工作;言归正传（2）come up with提出,想到come up走近;上来;提出;发生;发芽（3）come forward to help主动提供帮助（4）come across偶遇; 偶然发现come on 登台,上场;改进,改善;快点儿,加把劲;(表示知道某人所说的话不正确)得了吧【即时训练】语境串词(1)上个月，我在街上遇到他。他脸上苍白，似乎患病了。我本想主动帮他，但他拒绝了并且立刻消失了。 Last month I him at street. He see

12、med to a disease with the face pale. I had intended to him, but he turned down and disappeared instantly. （2）不要仅仅责备玛丽，你也有责任。请回归现实，提出切实可行的措施，认真对待每一个细节。Dont just Mary. Youre also to blame for it. Please . some practical measures, and take every detail seriously【参考答案】 (1) came across; come down with; c

13、ame forward to help.(2) come down on;come down to earth; come up with14. application n. 申请，运用apply vi. 申请 vt. 使用,应用applied adj. 应用的application n. 申请(书);应用applicant n. 申请人，应聘人15. Senior 高级别的；年老的be superior to.比高明/高级be superior in在方面占优势be inferior to.低于be senior to.比年长/资历深be junior to.比年幼/资历浅superiori

14、ty n. 优越(性);优势【温馨贴士】superior, inferior, senior, junior这四个词均无比较等级,如表示比较,用介词to。【即时训练】I. 单句语法填空1. (2016浙江卷) In other words, gossip is satisfying because it gives people a sense of belonging or even _ (superior).2. People love spreading information and sharing opinions not because they think their thoug

15、hts are superior _ others.3. They finally lost the game, because their opponents are superior _ strength.【参考答案】 1. superiority 2.to3. inII. 同义句转换My brother is three years older than I.My brother _ _ _ me by three years.【参考答案】 is senior to16. Get rid of 拜托，丢弃get across (sth.) 通过(某物)get across (to sb.

16、) 被传达(给某人);被(某人)理解get sth. across (to sb.) (使某人)理解某事; (向某人)传达某事get around/about 各处走动; (消息)传开,传播get down to 开始认真做某事; 着手处理get off 下车; 离开; 动身; 下班get over 克服;摆脱某种情绪;从恢复; 痊愈get rid of 摆脱; 除掉; 处理掉get through 做完; 办完; 看完; 吃完; 通过(考试); 接通电话(to sb.)【即时训练】用get相关短语的正确形式填空1. (2018北京卷) So far there is no effective

17、 way to _ plastic，but a new study suggests an answer may lie in the stomachs of some hungry worms. 2. The teacher tried to explain the problem, but his explanation did not _to the class.3. The news _ as quickly as possible.4. Stop talking! Lets _ work.5. I tried to _ the Complaints Department, but f

18、ailed.【参考答案】 1. get rid of 2. get across3. got around4. get down to5.get into17. protest n. 反抗18. profit n. 利益profit n. 利润;收益 vi. & vt. 获益；对有用profitable adj. 有利润的 earn a profit 挣得利润benefit vt. & vi. 使受益;得益于 n. 益处;救济金;资金beneficial adj. 有益的【同】profit v. 有益于；获利 n. 利润；利益19. Defence in defence of为辩护;防卫(1)

19、 in ones defence 为某人辩护;保卫self-defence n. 自卫;正当防卫(2) defend vt. 保卫;防守;辩护defend.from/against 保卫(使不受伤害)defend oneself 自卫(3) defensive adj. 防御用的;防守的; 辩护的;自卫的【即时训练】语境串词(1) Its necessary for us to take _ measures to _ ourselves.(defend)(2) 他找不到任何词语为他自己辩护，但是我必须为她说句话,他工作十分努力，我们应该保护他不受攻击。He cant say anything his action.However, I must say that she works very hard.We should _ being attacked.【参考答案】 (1) defensive; defend (2) in defence of/to defend; in his defence; defend him against20.poverty n. 贫穷，贫困poor adj. 贫穷的，贫困的【反】richness n. 富裕；丰富；肥沃wealthy adj.富有的