Unit 1 Section B Learning About Language-2020-2021学年高二英语同步课堂帮帮帮（人教版2019选择性必修第三册）.docx

1、UNIT 1 ART1.2 Learning About Language不定式作表语(Infinitives as the predicative)一、动词不定式的形式动词不定式有一般式、进行式和完成式三种时态; 有主动和被动两种语态。动词不定式的一般式指现在或将来, 动词不定式的完成式指过去。否定式将“not”放在不定式符号“to”之前。动词不定式的基本形式有: 主动形式被动形式一般式to do / not(never) to do(not) to be done进行式to be doing完成式to have doneto have been done(1)不定式的一般式表示的动作或状态

2、通常发生在谓语动作之后或同时发生。 *(2019全国卷)Ive had many dreams since I was a child. Now my dream is to open a cafe. 从小时候以来, 我有很多梦想。现在我的梦想是开一间咖啡馆。(2)不定式的进行式表示其动作正在进行, 与谓语动词发生的动作同时进行。 *When her parents came back last night, she happened to be doing her homework. 当她的父母昨晚回来的时候, 她碰巧正在做作业。(3)不定式的完成式表示的动作或状态通常发生在谓语动词之前。

3、*They are said to have just finished cleaning their bedrooms. 据说他们刚刚打扫完卧室。 (4)动词不定式的被动语态 : 在不定式中, 如果不定式的逻辑主语是不定式动作的承受者, 不定式用被动语态。 *The celebrations have to be put off because of the stormy weather. 由于暴风雨天气, 庆祝活动不得不推迟。二、不定式作表语1. 不定式作表语时常见的动词不定式作表语时, 一般紧紧跟在系动词后面, 如be, seem, remain, appear, get等, 用来说明主

4、语的内容。*(2019北京高考) The best way to build a great team is to gather a group of the most talented individuals. 打造一支出色的队伍最好的方法是把最有才华的个人聚到一起。*To know everything is to know nothing. 百事皆通, 百事不能。 *(2019全国卷I)The efforts made by the Tanzania National Park Authority seem to be paying off. 坦桑尼亚国家公园管理局所做的努力似乎正在得到

5、回报。【名师点津】主语和表语都是不定式(其含义往往一是条件, 一是结果)。*To be kind to the enemy is to be cruel to the people. 对敌人善良就是对人民的残忍。*To do that would be to cut the foot to fit the shoe. 为了做到这将是削足适履。2. 主语是以way, aim, duty, hope, dream, idea, intention, purpose, mistake, plan, proposal, job, suggestion, task等抽象名词为中心词的名词词组, 常在“b

6、e动词”后作表语。*(2020 天津高考)One way to begin is to answer your own excuses. 开始的方式之一就是回答你自己的借口。*The aim is to get the hotel off the ground by 2025 and make it fully operational for travel by 2027. 这家太空旅馆计划在2025年前建成, 并在2027年前全面投入运营。*“The immediate goal is to bring the pandemic under control. ” said WTO Direc

7、tor-General Roberto Azevedo. 世贸组织总干事阿泽维多表示, 目前首要目标是控制疫情。*The great happiness is to serve the people. 最大的幸福就是为人民服务。【名师点津】动名词和不定式在句中作表语的区别(1)一般情况下, 区别不大, 可通用。 *Seeing is believing. =To see is to believe. 眼见为实。(2)动名词表示的动作较抽象或是习惯性的, 而不定式表示某次具体的动作。*My job is typing papers. 我的工作就是打印文件。*My job now is to ty

8、pe these papers. 我现在的工作就是打印这些文件。3. what 引导的名词性从句, 后面的不定式说明其内容。*What I would suggest is to start work at once. 我要建议的是现在就开始工作。4. 在某些句型中, 当主语部分有动作动词do及其不同形式时, 作表语的不定式可以省略符号 “to”。*All we have to do is push the button. 我们所能做的就是按下按钮。*The only thing I can do is accompany you to the end of the world. 我唯一能做的

9、就是陪伴你走到世界尽头。5. 疑问词 + 不定式结构作表语疑问词who, what, which, when, where, how, why后加动词不定式构成不定式短语, 它在句中可作主语、宾语和表语。*The problem was how to get rid of the waste thrown by the passengers. 问题是如何处理乘客们丢弃的垃圾。*Perhaps the most difficult challenge is how to survive without friends. 也许最难熬的挑战, 就是生活中孤独无友。6. 有些作表语的不定式, 在结构上

10、是主动的, 但在意义上却是被动的。*She is to blame. 她应该受到责备。*The house is to let. 此房出租。【名师点津】不定式表将来“be+动词不定式”结构可以表示多种不同的语义。(1)表示“计划”或“安排”。*Sweden is to close all high schools and universities from Wednesday瑞典将从周三起关闭所有高中和大学。(2)表示“命令”。一般译为“必须”或“不准”。*This naughty boy is to stay here until class is over. 这个淘气的男孩必须待在这里直到

11、下课。(3)表示“应该”。*You have done so well. You are to be rewarded. 你做得很好。你应该被奖励。(4)表示“不可避免”或“注定发生”, 意为“必定”。*Your plan is to be a failure. 你的计划注定失败。.单句语法填空1.Guide dogs open up the lives of the blind or the (visual) impaired.【答案】visually2.To make their travel more convenient,they decided to build an (arch)

12、bridge.【答案】arched3.One of the most important changes concerns the (invest) of pension contributions.【答案】investment4.As is reported on TV,the fires are likely to (permanent) deforest the land.【答案】permanently5.Even gentle and artful (criticize) takes couragea courage I havent always had.【答案】criticism6

13、.Many people made up their minds to take part in the (memory) activity on Sunday.【答案】memorial.短语填空leave alone,achieve ones goal,come true,face with,be fascinated by,fill in1.Sophia said the volunteers were important because they were the ones who helped to make the wishes .【答案】come true2.As soon as

14、I got there,I the beauty of Lijiang and Dali.【答案】was fascinated by3.You will be asked to a form with details of your birth and occupation.【答案】fill in4. the crisis,the government remained calm and took timely measures.【答案】Faced with5.Suppose you on a desert island,what would you do to stay alive?【答案】

15、were left alone6.I dont want to be a loser that I will work hard to .【答案】achieve my goal.语法专练1.我们现在需要做的是建立我们和客户之间的信任。What we will do at present is between us and our customers.【答案】to build trust2.那位歌手说她演唱这首歌的目的是和粉丝分享她对音乐的热爱。The singer said that her intention of performing the song was for music with

16、 her fans.【答案】o share her love3.此次巡游旨在唤起我们对外国文化的兴趣和理解。The aim of the cruise was to in and our understanding of foreign cultures.【答案】awaken our interests4.试行的目的就是要让人们熟悉新法规。The goal of the experiment the people familiar with the new laws.【答案】was to make5.使他感到惊奇的是看到那么多人坐在教室的后面。What made him surprised s

17、o many people seated at the back of the classroom.【答案】was to see6.他一生中最大的梦想就是能有机会环游世界。His biggest dream in life is to travel around the world.【答案】to have a chance7.学校美术教育的目的是激发学生的创造力。The purpose of art education in schools students to be creative.【答案】is to inspire8.他大学毕业后的打算是找个他喜欢的工作。His intention a

18、fter graduation from college a job he likes.【答案】is to find. 阅读理解ACreate Art and Perform at Camp This SummerKids from beginners to advanced artists and performers aged 8 to 16 from around the world come to Long Lake Summer Overnight Arts Camp. They come to explore all forms of fine arts and performin

19、g arts. The natural beauty of the Adirondack Park in New York inspires you along with other artists and performers from around the world. You design your perfect summer arts camp schedule every day, choosing from fine arts, dance, theater, rock bands, music, film and fun land and water sports. The c

20、hoice is always yours. There are three buildings offering kids fine arts with 16 studios and 25 artists inspiring you at camp all summer. Long Lake Camp for the arts is the most amazing arts camp in the world for boys and girls to express themselves and share their creativity with the world. We are

21、one of only two camps on earth to offer so many choices and employ so many great fine arts teachers. Our two-story Fine Arts Facility is open all day and we have special evening classes for our most hard-working artists. It has both inside and beautiful outdoor working areas. Since you create your o

22、wn schedule, you can spend all day or one period making art; its your choice and you can change your schedule daily if you like. We make it easy for you to take your ideas from studio to studio creating your own portfolio(作品集) of artwork. We also have buildings for our photography studio. At the end

23、 of the camp, we display all your works in our Long Lake Camp for the Arts Gallery. We present your works to more than 700 visitors. To learn more about Long Lakes summer fine arts camp programs, please call us at 914-693-7111. 1. What are the kids at the camp allowed to do? A. To choose the place o

24、f the camp. B. To decide their own camp schedule. C. To choose teachers for arts classes. D. To decide the length of the camp. 2. In what way does this camp differ from most of the other similar camps? A. That it admits a lot of students. B. That it holds so many activities. C. That it has very beau

25、tiful studios. D. That it has so many choices and great teachers. 3. What can we learn from Paragraph 3? A. Kids can choose classes freely. B. Kids must go to class in the evening. C. There arent many fun activities for kids. D. The camp isnt suitable for people loving photography. 4. Who would most

26、 probably call at 914-693-7111? A. People interested in the Arts Gallery. B. Artists who want to display their works. C. People wanting to know more about the camp. D. Children interested in visiting the Adirondack Park. 答案与解析：【语篇概述】你喜欢艺术吗? 你很想上艺术课吗? 本文给你推荐了一个很适合你的艺术夏令营。了解一下吧。1. 【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第一段第四

27、句 “You design your perfect summer arts camp schedule every day, choosing from fine arts, dance, theater, rock bands, music, film and fun land and water sports. ”可知, 参与者可以自己设计上课的时间表, 故选B。2.【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据第二段末句 “We are one of only two camps on earth to offer so many choices and employ so many great fi

28、ne arts teachers. ”可知选D。3.【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据第三段的内容可知, 学生可以自己安排时间表, 根据需要自由选择课程, 故选A。4. 【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据末段 “To learn more about Long Lakes summer fine arts camp programs, please call us at 914-693-7111. ”可知, 想进一步了解这个夏令营项目的人会拨打这个电话, 故选C。BI really love my job because I enjoy working with small children and

29、like the challenges and awards from the job. I also think my work is important. There was a time when I thought I would never have that sort of career. I wasnt an excellent student because I didnt do much schoolwork. In my final term I started thinking what I might do and found I didnt have much to

30、offer. I just accepted that I wasnt the type to have a career. I then found myself a joblooking after two little girls. It wasnt too bad at first. But the problems began when I agreed to live in so that I would be there if my boss had to go out for business in the evening. We agreed that if I had to

31、 work extra hours one week, shed give me time off the next. But unfortunately, it didnt often work out. I was getting extremely tired and fed up, because I had too many late nights and early mornings with the children. One Sunday, I was in the park with the children, and met Megan who used to go to

32、school with me. I told her about my situation. She suggested that I should do a course and get a qualification if I wanted to work with children. I didnt think I would be accepted because I didnt take many exams in school. She persuaded me to phone the local college and they were really helpful. My

33、experience counted for a lot and I got on a part-time course. I had to leave my job with the family, and got work helping out at a kindergarten. Now Ive got a full-time job there. I shall always be thankful to Megan. I wish I had known earlier that you could have a career, even if you arent top of t

34、he class at school. 5. What is the authors present job? A. Working part-time in a college. B. Taking care of children for a family. C. Helping children with their schoolwork. D. Looking after children at a kindergarten. 6. When staying with the two girls family, the author _. A. was paid for extra w

35、orkB. often worked long hoursC. got much help from her boss D. took a day off every other week7. Why did the author leave her first job? A. She found a full-time job. B. She was fed up with children. C. She decided to attend a part-time course. D. She needed a rest after working extra hours. 8. What

36、 has the author learned from her own experiences? A. Less successful students can still have a career. B. Qualifications are necessary for a career. C. Hard work makes an excellent student. D. One must choose the job he likes. 答案与解析：【语篇概述】本文主要谈论了作者学生时代的懒惰, 但后期通过自身的努力取得了成功, 找到了一份不错的全职工作。从作者的个人经历可知即使你

37、学生时代不是很好, 通过个人的努力仍然可以取得成功。5. 【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据第一段“I really love my job because I enjoy working with small children and like the challenges and awards from the job. ”以及最后两段的“and got work helping out at a kindergarten. ”“Now Ive got a full-time job there. ”可判断出作者目前的工作是在幼儿园照看孩子。故选D。6. 【解析】选B。细节理解题。从第三段“b

38、ecause I had too many late nights and early mornings with the children. ”可以看出作者在两个女孩家里时, 常常工作很长时间。故选B。7. 【解析】选C。细节理解题。第四段“My experience counted for a lot and I got on a part-time course. I had to leave my job with the family, and got work helping out at a kindergarten. ”说明作者离开第一份工作的原因是她参加了业余学习班。故选C。

39、 8. 【解析】选A。推理判断题。文章最后一句话“I wish I had known earlier that you could have a career, even if you arent top of the class at school. ”说明即使学习不是那么好的学生也可以有自己的事业。 故选A。. 完形填空The assessor (估价员)approached a farmhouse. When he 1 the farmhouse door, he thought, “Not much value here. The surroundings look very poo

40、r. ” But the room he entered was 2 and warm. The couple were aged. He 3 a form from his bag and said, “Im a assessor. Im here to 4 your possessions, sir, to determine your wealth. Will you 5 my questions? ”“Oh, we have great possessions, ”they quickly replied. With a pencil prepared, the assessor wa

41、ited for the items to 6. “We put a high value on our love. It began such a long time ago. Each passing year has7 the tie. That increases the value, you know. Our 8 is more precious than silver and gold. We enjoy each day as it comes and goes, 9 many people are complaining. Weve quite an enormous 10

42、of relics, too. Any price you would name would be 11 : a soft golden curl of hair, a pair of little worn shoes, and the fingerprints there on the wall. Weve a special interest in heaven, too. ”The 12 assessor squirmed (扭动) uncomfortably. He found it hard to relax, and said, “You truly have great pos

43、sessions, but I can assess none of them. ”“We have no possessions to lock, ”they explained calmly, “and our possessions are quite 13. Our possessions are the things that we 14 . Theres one more thing that is quite 15 : we hold a title To a building in the skies. ”The assessor bowed himself out. The

44、richest couple he had ever known were entirely exempt (被免除) from assessment. 1. A. looked intoB. knocked at C. cleaned upD. looked for2. A. comfortableB. strange C. narrow D. attractive3. A. borrowedB. demandedC. selectedD. completed4. A. assess B. acquire C. buyD. rent5. A. raiseB. answerC. faceD.

45、judge6. A. makeB. acceptC. findD. list7. A. strengthenedB. weakenedC. loosenedD. cut8. A. successB. moneyC. healthD. house9. A. behindB. whileC. becauseD. until10. A. wealthB. burdenC. discussionD. requirement11. A. highB. funnyC. lowD. unique12. A. annoyedB. disappointed C. excitedD. astonished13.

46、A. similarB. differentC. personalD. useful14. A. touchB. feelC. gainD. hear15. A. vitalB. normalC. formalD. cheap 答案与解析：【语篇概述】一位估价员在走进一家农舍后, 发现一对老夫妇拥有非常与众不同的财富。1. 【解析】选B。短语辨析题。句意: 一位估价员走近一家农舍, 当他敲门的时候, 他想: “这里并没有什么值钱的东西。周围环境看起来很差。” knock at 敲门, 符合句意, 故选B。2. 【解析】选A。逻辑推理题。句意: 但是当他进去后发现房间温暖舒适。strange奇怪

47、的; narrow狭窄的; attractive有吸引力的; comfortable舒适的, 符合句意, 故选A。3. 【解析】选C。词语辨析题。句意: 他从包里挑选了一张表格。borrow借入; demand要求, 请求; complete完成; select挑选, 符合句意, 故选C。4. 【解析】选A。逻辑推理题。因为这个人是一位估价员, 所以他来这儿是为了评估这户人家的财产。acquire要求; buy买; rent租; 出租; assess评估, 评价, 符合句意, 故选A。5. 【解析】选B。词语辨析题。这位估价员是来评估财产的, 因此他请求这对夫妻回答他的问题。raise提出;

48、抚养; 募捐; face面对; judge判定; answer回答, 符合句意, 故选B。6. 【解析】选D。逻辑推理题。句意: 准备好铅笔后, 这位估价员等待着这对夫妻列出他们的财富。make制造; 使; accept接受; find找到, 发现; list列举, 符合句意, 故选D。 7.【解析】选A。词语辨析题。句意: 每过一年他们的这种关系都会加强。weaken变弱; loosen松开; cut砍, 切; strengthen 加强, 符合句意, 故选A。8.【解析】选C。逻辑推理题。这对夫妻认为他们的健康比金银财富更宝贵。success 成功; money钱; house房子; he

49、alth健康, 符合句意, 故选C。9. 【解析】选B。词语辨析题。句意: 我们享受着每一天的来来去去, 然而许多人却在抱怨中度过。behind在后面; because因为; until直到; while然而, 符合句意, 故选B。 10. 【解析】选A。词语辨析题。句意: 这对夫妻还有很多值得纪念的东西。burden负担; discussion讨论; requirement要求; wealth财富, 符合句意, 故选A。 11.【解析】选C。逻辑推理题。这对夫妻认为自己的这些物品极其贵重, 他们认为这位估价员说出的任何价格都太低了。high高的; funny有趣的; unique独特的; 独

50、一无二的; low低的, 符合句意, 故选C。12. 【解析】选D。逻辑推理题。面对这户人家的财富, 估价员感到很吃惊。annoyed恼怒的; disappointed失望的; excited兴奋的; astonished感到吃惊的, 符合句意, 故选D。 13. 【解析】选B。逻辑推理题。这对夫妻认为他们拥有的财富是与众不同的。similar相似的; personal个人的; useful有用的; different不同的, 符合句意, 故选B。14. 【解析】选B。词语辨析题。他们的财富是可以感觉到的东西。touch触摸, 感动; gain取得, 获得; hear听见; feel感觉, 符

51、合句意, 故选B。15. 【解析】选A。逻辑推理题。他们还列举了一样十分重要的东西。normal正常的; formal正式的; cheap便宜的; vital重要的, 符合句意, 故选A。 III.语法填空阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Traditional Chinese culture is beginning to capture the attention of the world. Kung fu, 1. _ (especial), has had a great effect 2. _ millions of people who first l

52、earned about China through it. From that, they may come to China and learn about some other 3. _ (aspect) of this culture. Other Asian nations have long known about the 4. _(great) of ancient Chinese culture. Their own cultures are 5. _ mix of native ones and those Chinese characteristics. Korea and

53、 Japan long ago adopted Confucianism, something that continues today even as it 6. _ (challenge) by pop culture. This strength comes from the ideas 7. _ (give) in the Four Books of Confucianism, which built upon the ideas of an even 8. _ (much) ancient period codified (编纂) in the Five Classics. From

54、 then, the West learns 9. _ is uniquely Chinese, for example, Feng shui. So far China has taken steps 10. _ (further) this spread of its culture by establishing Chinese Cultural Centers in such places as the United States and Europe. 【语篇概述】本文是一篇说明文, 介绍了中国优秀传统文化对世界的影响。1. 【解析】especially。考查词性转换。句意: 尤其是

55、中国功夫, 对于那些通过功夫初次了解中国的成千上万的人来讲, 有着非常大的影响。especially “尤其是”, 用于强调突出的人或者事情。 2. 【解析】on。考查介词。have a. . . effect on sb. “对某人有影响”为固定搭配, 故填on。 3. 【解析】aspects。考查名词的复数。句意: 他们可能会来到中国, 学习了解中国文化的一些其他方面。根据空前的“some other”及aspect作“方面, 层面”讲时是可数名词可知, 此处应用aspect的复数形式aspects。 4. 【解析】greatness。考查词性转换。句意: 其他亚洲国家很早以前就知道古代中

56、国文化的博大。根据空前的“the”及空后的“of”可知, 此处应填名词greatness。 5. 【解析】a。考查冠词。句意: 这些国家自身的文化是本土文化和中国特色(文化)的混合。mix在此作名词, 意为“混合, 结合”, 是可数名词, 且此处表示泛指, 故用a。 6. 【解析】is challenged。考查动词的时态和语态。根据本文的基本时态为一般现在时可知, 此处亦用一般现在时; it在此指代上文中的Confucianism和challenge之间为被动关系, 且由空后的“by pop culture”可知, 应用被动语态。故填is challenged。 7. 【解析】given。考

57、查非谓语动词。句意: 这种力量来自“四书”中所提供的观念。the ideas与give之间为被动关系, 应用过去分词作后置定语。 8. 【解析】more。考查形容词的比较级。句意: “四书”是依照“五经”的编纂中所体现的更为早期的思想而著成的。根据句意及空前的“even”可知, 此处应用比较级形式, 故填more。 9. 【解析】what。考查名词性从句的连接词。分析句子结构可知, 空处在此引导名词性从句, 作learns的宾语, 且在从句中作主语, 表示“所的事物”, 故用what。 10. 【解析】to further。考查非谓语动词。句意: 目前, 中国已经采取措施进一步推广中国文化。分析句子结构可知, 空处在句中作目的状语, 故应用不定式形式。further在此用作动词, 意为“促进, 增进”。