Unit 2 How often do you exercise？-2022-2023学年八年级英语上册同步必备知识清单（人教版）.docx

1、Unit2 How often do you exercise?八年级英语上册必备知识清单一、词汇知识清单I、课标词汇注意英译汉housework haswk n.家务劳动hardly hdli adv.几乎不；简直不；刚刚ever ev(r) adv.曾经；在任何时候once wns adv.一次；曾经twice twas adv.两倍；两次Internet ntnet n.因特网program prrm n.节目；程序；课程；节目单full fl adj.满的；充满的；完全的swing sw n.摇摆；秋千v.摇摆；旋转maybe mebi adv.或许；也许；可能least list a

2、dj.最小的；最少的coffee kfi n.咖啡；咖啡色health hel n.健康；人的身体或精神状态result rzlt .结果；后果percent psent adj.百分之.的online nlan adj.在线的adv.在线地television telvn n.电视机；电视节目although l conj.虽然；尽管；然而；可是through ru prep.穿过；凭借；一直到body bdi n.身体mind mand .头脑；想法；意见；心思such st adj.这样的；如此的together te(r) adv.共同；一起die da v.死；枯竭；消失writer

3、 rat(r) n.作者；作家dentist dentst n.牙科医生magazine mzin n.杂志however haev(r) adv.然而；无论如何；不管多么than n conj.比almost lmst adv.几乎；差不多none nn pron.没有人；没有任何东西，毫无less les adj.更少的；较少的point pnt n.看法；要点；重点；小数点；目标；分数II、语法词汇知其变注意词性变化1. hardly hdli adv.几乎不；-adj. hard困难的,坚硬的2. once wns adv.一次；曾经-基数词one-序数词first3. twice t

4、was adv.两倍；两次-基数词two-序数词second4. program prrm n.节目；程序；-n.programmer程序员5. full fl adj.满的；充满的；完全的-adv.fully 全面的-v.fill 填满6. least list adj.最小的；最少的-原级little-比较级less7. health hel n.健康；-adj.healthy健康的-比较级healthier-最高级healthiest -ant.unhealthy 不健康的-adv.healthily健康地-adv.不健康地unhealthily 8. percent psent adj

5、.百分之.的 -n.percentage 百分比，百分率9. although l conj.虽然；尽管；-adv.though 然而，可是10. body bdi n.身体-pl.bodies-adj.bodyless 无形的，无躯体的11. mind mand .头脑；想法；意见；-adj.mindless盲目的 -n.minder 看管人员，照料人员12. such st adj.这样的；如此的-adv. So 13. die da v.死；枯竭；消失-adj.dead去世的-n.death 死亡(died-died)-adj.dying垂死的-adj/adv. deadly 致命的，非

6、常的14. writer rat(r) n.作者；作家-v.write 写 (wrote-written)-n/v.rewrite 重写，改写15. however haev(r) adv.然而-adv. how怎样16. less les adj.更少的；较少的-原级little-最高级least17. point pnt n.小数点；分数；重点-v.point 指出-adj.pointless无意义的,无得分的-adj.pointed 尖利的，直率的III、重点短语知搭配注意固定短语的英汉互译1. help with housework帮助做家务 2. on weekends=on the

7、 weekend在周末 3. how often多久一次 4. hardly ever几乎从不5. once a week每周一次 6. be free =be available有空7. go to the movies去看电影 8. on the Internet在网上 9. swing dance摇摆舞 10. play tennis打网球 play+球类/棋类/中国乐器 play the +西洋乐器 11. stay up late熬夜；睡得很晚 12.at least至少 at most最多 13.have/take dance and piano lessons上舞蹈课和钢琴课 1

8、4.go to bed early早点睡觉 15. play sports=do sports进行体育活动 16. be good for对有好处 17.go camping去野营 18. notat all一点儿也不 19.in ones free time在某人的业余时间 20.the answers to the questions 问题的答案 21.such as比如；诸如 22.go to the dentist去看牙医 23.more than多于；超过 less than少于 IV、核心单词知用法注意固定短语、句型和词块Section A1. What do you usuall

9、y do on weekends? (P. 9)on weekends意为“在周末”，泛指每个周末，on the weekend则表示“在这个周末”，特指某个周末；在英式英语中，在周末也可以用at the weekend或者at weekends。2. help with homework (P. 9)help表示“帮助”时，常用的句型为：help sb. with sth. 帮助某人某事；help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事。3. sometimes (P. 9)sometimes是频度副词，意为“有时”，相当于at times。I sometimes play com

10、puter games on weekends.【拓展】辨析sometimes, some times, sometime与some timesometimes有时Sometimes he had lunch at school.some times几次、几倍Ive been to the museum some times.sometime某时I will visit Daming sometime this summer vacation.some time一段时间She has lived here for some time.4. hardly ever (P. 9)hardly作副词

11、，表示“几乎不”；hard用作副词表示“努力地、猛烈地”，作形容词表示“硬的、困难的”。He hardly works. He works hard. This is a hard work.5. How often do you watch TV? (P. 9)how often意为“多久一次”用来提问频率，常用表示频率的副词或者短语来回答，如twice a week, sometimes, every day, always等。-How often do you play sports? -Three times a week.【拓展】辨析how long, how soon和how of

12、tenhow long“多长时间”，提问for和since引出的时间状语-How long did you stay there?-For about two weeks.how soon “多久”提问“in+一段时间”-How soon will they come back?-In two weeks.how often“多久一次”，提问动作发生的频率-How often do you go home?-Once a week.how far“多远”，提问距离的远近-How far is it from your home to school?-Three kilometres.6. us

13、e the Internet (P. 10)Internet作名词，表示“互联网、因特网”，常用的短语为：on the Internet“在互联网上”；surf the Internet“上网”。7. Hi, Claire, are you free next week? (P. 10)free作形容词表示“空闲的、有空的”，be free相当于have time。I will be free next week.=I will have time next time.【拓展】free作形容词，还可以表示“免费的、自由的”，be free to do sth.“自由地做某事”。The tick

14、ets are free. You are free to come and go.8. How come? (P. 10)How come意为“为什么呢、怎么回事”，用于询问某事为什么会发生，可以单独使用也可以后接陈述句。9. Well, how about Tuesday? (P. 10)How about相当于what about意为“怎么样”，用来征求对方意见或者询问情况，后接名词或者动名词。10. Oh, I have to play tennis with my friends. (P. 10)have to表示“不得不、必须”，强调客观需求；must侧重主观上自己认为有必要做某事

15、。It is getting dark. I have to go home now. We must care for our parents.11. I go to the movies maybe once a month. (P. 11)maybe作副词，表示“可能、也许”，常常放在句首，可以与may be相互转换。Maybe he is a foreigner.=He may be a foreigner.12. How often do they stay up late? (P. 11)stay up意为“熬夜”，表示“为熬夜”时，用“stay up for sth.”。It i

16、s a bad habit to stay up late.13. He plays at least twice a week. (P. 11)at least表示“至少”，反义词为at most“最多”。Section B1. She says its good for my health. (P. 12)(1) be good for意为“对有益”，反义词是be bad for“对有害”。(2) health是不可数名词，意为“健康”，in good health表示“很健康”，形容词为healthy，副词是healthily。2. Last month we asked our stu

17、dents about their free time activities. (P. 13)ask sb. about sth.意为“询问某人某事”。3. Here are the results. (P. 13)here和there置于句首，谓语动词是be动词或者come, go等不及物动词时，主语为名词时，用倒装结构，即主谓调换位置，若主语是代词时，主谓不倒装。Here comes the bus. There he goes.4. We found that only fifteen percent of our students exercise every day. (P. 13)

18、percent表示“百分之”，常用“基数词+percent+of+名词”，“percent of+名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于名词的单复数。Seventy percent of the boys like playing computer games. Ninety of the work is finished.5. And twenty percent do not exercise at all!(P. 13)not.at all意为“一点儿也不、根本不”；not at all表示“没关系、不用谢”。6. We all know that many students often

19、 go online.(P. 13)此处oneline用作副词，表示“在线、联网”，也可以用作形容词，意为“在线的、联网的”。7. The answers to our questions about watching television were also interesting. (P. 13)名词answer后常跟介词to，表示“的答案”，类似的名词还有key，solution，ticket。Your answer to the question is right.8. Although many students like to watch sports, game shows ar

20、e the most popular. (P. 13)although用作连词，表示“虽然、即使”，相当于though，用来引导让步状语从句。在英语中，although/though和but不能同时出现。Although it rained heavily, the boys played outside.=It rained heavily, but the boys played outside.9. It is good to relax by using the Internet or watching game shows, but we think the best way to

21、relax is through exercise. (P. 13)(1) by可以用来表示方式，意为“通过”，后接名词或者动名词短语。(2) way表示“方法”时，后常接动词不定式或者of doing作定语。10. Exercise such as playing sports is fun, and you can spend time with your friends and family as you play together. (P. 13) (1) such as一般用于列举同一类人或物中的一个例子，但必须数量少于前面所提及的总数，只能放在所列举的名词前；for example

22、一般用于列举一个例子，后面经常加上一个句子，位置很灵活，可位于句首、句中，于被列举的事例之间用逗号隔开。 (2) sb. spend+时间/金钱+on sth. “在某事上花费多长时间或者多少钱”； sb. spend+时间+(in) doing sth.“花费多长时间做某事”【拓展】辨析spend, pay, take和costspend主语是人spend.on sth./spend.(in) doing sth.pay主语是人pay for sth./pay +金钱. for sth.take 主语是itIt takes sb.+时间+to do sth.cost主语是物sth. cost

23、s sb.+金钱11. Jane is a 16-year-old high school student in the United States. (P. 15) 16-year-old意为“16岁的”，其中的名词用单数形式，在句中作定语，16 years old表示“16岁”，在句中作表语。Li Bo is a seven-year old boy.=Li Bo is seven years old.12. However, she has some bad habits, too. (P. 15) (1) however作副词，表示“但是、然而”，常位于句首，后面常常跟有逗号隔开。(2

24、) also, too, as well与either都可以表示“也”，但是用法不同。also放在句中行为动词前，be动词、助动词和情态动词之后。He also wants to go.too用于肯定句中，放在句尾，前面用逗号隔开。He wants to go, either.as well用于肯定句中，放在句尾，前面不用逗号隔开。He wants to go as well.either用于否定句句末。He doesnt want to go either13. She says she is afraid. (P. 15) be afraid of意为“害怕、不敢”，后接名词、代词或者动名

25、词。She is afraid of snakes. I was afraid of going through the woods.拓展1. be afraid to do sth. 意为“胆小不敢做某事”。He was afraid to go out at night.2. be afraid that.意为“担心、害怕”。He was afraid that he would lose.3. Im afraid表示“恐怕”。-Can we go there on time?-I am afraid not.V、高级结构会变通注意高级在写作中的仿写1.表示“做某事（对某人来说）是的”的句

26、型结构：Its + adj. + (for sb.) + to do sth.e.g. Its relaxing for students to play basketball after class.2.ask的短语（1） ask sb. (not) to do sth. 叫某人（不要）做某事 e.g. Teacher asked me (not) to clean the classroom.（2）ask sb. about sth.向某人询问某事 e.g. We asked our students about their free time activities.（3）ask sb.

27、for sth. : 向某人要某物 e.g. I often ask my math teacher for help. 二、语法知识清单 频度副词 表示动作发生的次数、频率的副词为频度副词，一般用于一般现在时中。按频率发生的高低，常用频度副词的排序：always, usually, often, sometimes, hardly ever, never。（1）频度副词的位置：一般放实意动词前，be动词、助动词和情态动词后。（2）how often 多久一次，用来提问动作发生的频率。回答：频率副词： always, usually, often, sometimes, hardly ever

28、, never次数 a dayweekmonthyeare.g. twice a week一周两次 ； once a month一个月一次 注：表示“一次或两次”时，一般用once和twice表示。而表示“三次或以上”时，则用“数词times”结构。如：five times a year (一年五次)every 时间段: every day (每天) 区别：everyday（adj. 每天的；日常的） e.g. He hardly ever watches TV. I brush teeth twice a day. I drink milk every day.（3）由how构成的疑问词组的

29、用法how long 多久；多长。用来询问多长时间，也可询问某物有多长。how for 多远。 用来询问距离，指路程的远近。how come？ 怎么会？ 怎么回事？表示某件事情很奇怪，有点想不通。可单独使用，也可引导一个问句，相当于疑问句 why, 但 how come 开头的特殊疑问句使用的仍然是陈述语序。e.g. How come Tom didnt come to the party? =Why didnt Tom come to the party?how old.? 几岁了，询问年龄。 e.g. -How old are you? -I am five.howmany多少（提问可数n

30、.数量） howmuch多少（提问不可数n.数量） ；多少钱 三、语篇知识清单【本话题剖析】本单元以“谈论做某事的频率”为话题，向我们介绍了一些好的习惯和不好的习惯，要求同学们学会用what对这些习惯中所涉及的活动进行提问，同时学会描述这些活动的频率。具体到书面表达中，要求同学们会恰当地使用频度副词来描述关于自己或他人的生活习惯。【素材积累】教材中出现的相关短语和句型：1.Eat fruit/vegetables/junk food2read books/go shopping3drink milk/coffee/juice4She has a lot of good habits.她有许多好

31、习惯。5However, she has some bad habits, too.然而，她也有一些坏习惯。6I exercise every day.我每天都锻炼。7She hardly ever stays up late.她几乎从不熬夜。8Its good for my health.它对我的健康有好处。9She usually watches TV for more than two hours a day.她通常一天看两个多小时的电视。10And twenty percent do not exercise at all.并且百分之二十的学生根本不锻炼。11Ninety percen

32、t of them use the Internet every day.他们中百分之九十的人天天用电脑上网。12Most students use it for fun and not for home-work.大多数学生用它玩而不是做作业。13The best way to relax is through exercise.放松自己的最好方式是通过锻炼。14Exercise such as playing sports is fun.像参加运动之类的锻炼是很有趣的。15However，she has some bad habits，too.然而，她也有一些坏习惯。16Her paren

33、ts are not happy because she hardly ev-er helps with housework，她的父母不高兴，因为她几乎不帮忙做家务。【话题演练】假如你最好的朋友是玛丽(Mary)，她的各方面习惯都很好。请从以下几个方面向大家介绍一下她的生活习惯：1.在学校很努力，经常在家看书，有时上网；2.身体很健康，每周锻炼三四次，每天步行上学；3.饮食习惯很好，每天吃很多蔬菜和水果。【写作思路点拨】1.要求学生运用一般现在时及频度副词来讲述“健康生活”。2.写作时，大体从三个方面来写，即：体育锻炼、饮食习惯、空闲时间。【经典美文欣赏】Mary is my best fri

34、end. She studies hard at school, and she often reads some books at home. Sometimes she uses the Internet. She is very healthy. She exercises three or four times a week, like playing basketball , playing soccer, and running. She walks to school every day. She has good eating habits, too. She eats lots of vegetables and fruit every day.