Unit 4 I used to be afraid of the dark 知识详解-2023-2024学年英语九年级上册(人教版).docx

1、Unit 4 I used to be afraid of the dark.我过去害怕黑暗.知识详解Section AMario, you used to be short, didnt you?马里奥,你过去很矮,不是吗? (教材P25 1a)used to do sth.过去常常做某事讲 该用法表示过去经常发生的事情或存在的状态,通常不与表示过去的时间状语连用.used不随人称和时态的变化而变化.There used to be a clothes store around the street corner.街角处曾经有一家服装店.Photos used to be expensive

2、, and people took fewer of them.照片过去很贵,人们拍得很少.反意疑问句讲 本句是反意疑问句.反意疑问句的两种基本形式:肯定的陈述句否定的附加问句否定的陈述句肯定的附加问句特别提醒(1)陈述句和附加问句在人称、数和时态上必须保持一致,且附加问句的主语通常为人称代词的主格形式.(2)陈述句部分含有nothing、never、hardly、little(不多的)等表示否定意义的词时,附加问句要用肯定形式.There is little money for Mr. Lee to buy a ticket for todays show, is there?李先生几乎没有

3、钱买今天的演出票,是吗?拓 反意疑问句的答语:(1)反意疑问句的答语应符合事实.事实是肯定的,用yes;事实是否定的,用no.(2)当反意疑问句是”前否后肯”的结构时,其答语的翻译要以事实为依据,yes翻译为”不”,no翻译为“是的”.-Tom likes listening to music, doesnt he?汤姆喜欢听音乐,不是吗?Yes, he does.是的,他喜欢.-He didnt come to school yesterday, did he?他昨天没来学校,是吗?-Yes, he did.不,他来学校了.-No, he didnt.是的,他没有来学校.巧学妙记反意疑问句反

4、意疑问三要点,前后谓语正相反;短句not如出现,必须缩写是习惯;最后一点应注意,短句主语代词填;回答反意疑问句,答案含义是依据;肯定事实用yes 否定事实就用no.典例1 (龙东中考)-It is rude to ask direct questions,_?-Yes, but I think its OK to your close friends.A. isnt itB. doesnt itC. does it解析:问句句意:问直接的问题是粗鲁的,不是吗?反意疑问句遵循”前肯后否,前否后肯”的原则,由前面的It is可知,附加问句应为isnt it.故选A.Whats he like no

5、w?他现在什么样? (教材P25 1c)What+ be+ sb. like?讲 可用来询问人的相貌,也可用来提问人的性格、品质等.-What is your math teacher like?你的数学老师长什么样?-He is tall and thin.他又高又瘦.-Whats he like?他是个什么样的人?-Hes outgoing.他很外向.拓 (1) What do/does + sb. +look like?意为“某人长什么样?”,常用来提问人的相貌.-What does your elder sister look like?你姐姐长什么样?-She is of mediu

6、m build with short hair.她中等身材,留着短发.(2)What do/does +sb.+like?意为”某人喜欢什么?”,用来询问某人的喜好.-What does Tom like?汤姆喜欢什么?-He likes collecting stamps.他喜欢集邮.humorous 有幽默感的 (教材P26 2a)humorous/hju:mrs/adj.有幽默感的;滑稽有趣的讲 由”humor(n.幽默)-ous(形容词后缀)”构成,在句中可作表语或定语.-What is Ricky like?里基怎么样?-Hes humorous. He often tells us

7、 funny jokes.他很幽默,他经常给我们讲滑稽的笑话.Most teenagers like humorous TV shows.大多数青少年喜欢幽默的电视节目.拓humor n. 幽默humorous adj.有幽默感的;滑稽有趣的humorless adj.无幽默感的humorist n.诙谐风趣的人语境串记Our teacher is a humorist. He has a good sense of humor. He always tells us humorous stories, but todays story is humorless.我们的老师是一个诙谐风趣的人.

8、他很有幽默感.他总是给我们讲幽默故事,但是今天的故事不幽默.词缀学习-ous 是常见的形容词后缀,通常放在名词后,表示”有性质的”.danger(n.危险)-ous dangerous(adj.有危险的)silent 沉默的 (教材P26 2a)silent/sailnt/adj.不说话的;沉默的讲在句中作表语或定语.remain/stay/keep silent 保持沉默I dont like the silent hours of the night.我不喜欢晚上寂静的时间.Please look at the sign. It says Keep silent,请看告示牌.上面写着”保持

9、安静”.拓silent adj.silently adv.安静地;沉默地silence n.U沉默;寂静in silence安静地(silently)A scream broke the silence of the night.一声尖叫划破了寂静的夜晚.Peter sat on the square silently, tears coming up in his eyes.彼得静静地坐在广场上,眼泪夺眶而出.They walked on in silence for a while.他们默默地继续走了一会儿.典例2用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空.(2022龙东中考)Sally is my

10、best friend. She often sits beside me_ (silent) when I am sad.解析:句意;萨莉是我最好的朋友.当我难过的时候,她经常静静地坐在我身边.此处应用副词形式修饰动词sits,故填silently.helpful 有帮助的 (教材P26 2a)helpful/helpfl/adj.有用的;有帮助的讲由”help(n.帮助)-ful(形容词后缀)”构成.be helpful to sb.对某人有帮助Can you give us a helpful suggestion? 你能给我们提一个有用的建议吗?拓 (1)形容词乐于助人的Millie

11、is helpful and she gets along well with her classmates.米莉乐于助人,她和同学们相处得很好.(2) helpful adj. 有用的;有帮助的 反义词 helpless adj.无助的helpfully adv. 有用地;有帮助地 反义词 helplessly adv.无助地helpfulness n.帮助;有用 反义词 helplessness n无助典例3 用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空.(2022盘锦中考)I hope this excellent report will be_ (help) in answering your qu

12、estion.答案:helpfulIts been three years since we last saw our primary school classmates.自从上次我们小学同学见面已经三年了. (教材P26 2d)since 引导的时间状语从句讲本句是含有since引导的时间状语从句的复合句.since在此处作连词,意为”自以后;从以来”.since 引导的时间状语从句常用一般过去时,与其对应的主句常用现在完成时.They have been friends since they first met.他们自从第一次见面就一直是朋友.拓(1)since连词既然;因为引导原因状语从

13、句.Since you have drunk so much wine, you mustnt drive.既然你喝了这么多酒,那就绝对不能开车.(2)since介词自以后;从以来后接表示时间的词或短语.The factory has been here since the 1990s.这家工厂自20世纪90年代以后就在这里了.典例4(2022十堰中考)Since he was a little boy, he_ in love with music.A. isB. wasC. has beenD. had been解析:句意;他从小就爱上了音乐.本句是含有since引导的时间状语从句的复合句

14、,从句用一般过去时,主句通常用现在完成时,故选C.I used to see him reading in the library every day.我过去常常看到他每天在图书馆看书. (教材P26 2d)see sb. doing sth.看见某人正在做某事辨see sb. doing sth.与 se sb.do sth.see sb. doing sth.看见某人正在做某事强调动作正在进行.see sb. do sth.看见某人做某事强调看见动作发生的全过程或经常看到动作发生.语境串记I often see Li Ming play basketball with his friend

15、s on the playground, but I saw him running alone when I passed by just now.我经常看见李明和他的朋友们在操场上打篮球,但我刚才经过的时候,看见他一个人正在跑步.拓与see用法类似的词还有hear(听见)、watch(观看)、feel(感到)和 notice(注意到)等.He studied hard and got good scores on his exams.他学习努力并且在考试中取得了好成绩. (教材P26 2d)score/sko:(r)/n.&v.得分;进球讲score名词(考试中的)分数,成绩(相当于gra

16、de) (游戏或比赛中的)得分,比分动词(在游戏、比赛或考试中)得分Through her hard work, she entered Jilin University with a high score of 615 marks in 2011.通过努力,她在2011年以615分的高分考入吉林大学.The final score was two-zero.最终的比分为2:0.Great cheers went up when he scored in the last minute of the game.当他在比赛的最后一分钟得分时,全场爆发出了热烈的欢呼声.She scored 98

17、in the French exam.她在法语考试中得了98分.For this months Young World magazine, I interviewed 19-year-old Asian pop star Candy Wang.为了这个月的青年世界杂志,我采访了19岁的亚洲流行歌星王坎迪. (教材P27 3a)interview/int(r)vju:/v.采访;面试n.面试;访谈讲 (1)动词采访;面试interview sb. for sth.为某事采访面试某人interview sb. about sth.就某事采访某人;就某事与某人面谈These days we are

18、interviewing some students for the coming art festival.这些天我们在为即将到来的艺术节采访一些学生.We interviewed Mike about his own cooking.我们就迈克的厨艺采访了他.(2)名词面试;访谈After Su Yiming won his silver medal, his father received an interview.在苏翊鸣获得银牌后,他的父亲接受了采访.My interview for the job is tomorrow,我的求职面试在明天.拓interviewer n.采访者;主

19、持面试者Interviewee n.被采访者;参加面试者19-year-old 19岁的讲 基数词-year-old为复合形容词,意为“岁的”.词与词之间必须加连字符”;year用单数形式.该复合形容词通常用在名词前作定语.During the past summer vacation, a 15-year-old boy made a model plane on his own in less than a month.在过去的暑假期间,一个15岁的男孩在不到一个月的时间里独自制作了一架飞机模型.典例5找出句子中的错误并改正.John is a 13-years-old schoolboy

20、._解析:分析句子可知,此处表示”约翰是一个13岁的在校男孩”,schoolboy前应用形容词.表示”岁的”的形容词形式为”基数词-year-old, year 用单数形式,故把”13-years-old改为”13-year-oldAsian adj.亚洲(人)的n.亚洲人讲 (1)形容词亚洲(人)的How many Asian countries have taken part in the sports meeting?有多少亚洲国家参加了这次运动会?How is the Asian foot type different from westerners?亚洲人的脚型和西方人的有什么不同?

21、(2)可数名词亚洲人I saw two Asians at school yesterday.我昨天在学校看见了两个亚洲人.拓 (1)Asia名词亚洲China is in Asia.中国位于亚洲.(2)Europe欧洲European欧洲人;欧洲(人)的Africa非洲African非洲人;非洲(人)的America美洲American美洲人;美洲(人)的典例6(达州中考)China is_ Asian country, while France is_ European country.A. an; aB. a; anC. an; anD. a; a解析:句意:中国是一个亚洲国家,而法国是

22、一个欧洲国家.Asian的发音以元音音素ei/开头,其前应用不定冠词an; European的发音以辅音音素j/开头,其前应用不定冠词a.故选A.Candy told me that she used to be really shy and took up singing to deal with her shyness.坎迪告诉我她过去非常害羞,于是她开始用唱歌来克服她的羞怯. (教材P27 3a)take up 学着做;开始做讲后常跟名词、代词或动词-ing形式作宾语.take up doing sth.开始做某事They have taken up golf.他们开始学起打高尔夫球来了

23、.He took up farming two years ago.他两年前开始务农.拓take up 还可意为”占据(空间);占用(时间)”.The new fridge takes up too much room.新冰箱占据了太多空间.Stop playing computer games. It takes up too much of your time.别玩电脑游戏了,它占用了你太多时间.典例7 (2023武汉市江岸区期中)-Every student is expected to_ a sporting activity for a healthy life.-I couldnt

24、 agree more. Health matters a lot.A. deal withB. end upC. take upD. come across解析:句意:”为了健康的生活,每个学生都应该参加体育活动.”“我非常赞同,健康至关重要.”deal with处理”;end up结束”;take up“学着做,开始做,占据”;come across(偶然)遇见”.故选C.deal with 应对;处理讲 同义词组是do with,但 deal with 与how搭配,do with与what搭配.How should I deal with this problem?What shoul

25、d I do with this problem?我该怎样处理这个问题?典例8根据句意及汉语提示填写单词.(2022无锡中考)Its necessary for us to learn how to_ (处理)with the stress in our daily life.解析:句意:对我们而言,学会如何应对我们日常生活中的压力是非常有必要的.空处与how to 搭配构成”特殊疑问词动词不定式”,to后应接动词原形;表示”处理”可用deal with 或do with,结合how 可知应用 deal with.故填deal.shyness/fains/n.害羞;腼腆讲名词由”shy(adj

26、.羞怯的)-ness(名词后缀)”构成.Jenny is a girl with a little shyness.珍妮是一个有点儿腼腆的女孩.As she got better, she dared to sing in front of her class.随着她的进步,她敢在全班同学面前唱歌了(教材P27 3a)dare/dea/,/der/v.敢于;胆敢讲实义动词有人称和时态的变化,一般不用于进行时.dare to do sth.敢于做某事”,其否定句和疑问句的构成要借助于助动词do/does/did.The little girl doesnt dare to ask questio

27、ns.这个小女孩不敢问问题.拓情态动词后接动词原形,常用于否定句或疑问句.I darent speak in public.我不敢在公共场合讲话.Dare she go out alone at night?她晚上敢独自外出吗?in front of 在前面辨in front of 与 in the front ofin front of强调在物体外部的前面,与behind相对应.in the front of强调在物体内部的前面,与at the back of相对应.语境串记Jack sits in the front of a red car, and there is a yellow

28、cat in front of the car.杰克坐在一辆红色汽车的前面,而且车前有一只黄猫.in the front of(在内部的前面) in front of(在外部的前面)Now shes not shy anymore and loves singing in front of crowds.现在,她不再害羞了,并且喜欢在众人面前唱歌. (教材P27 3a)not.+ .anymore 不再辨notanymore 与 notany longernotanymore相当于no more,强调数量或程度上的”不再”.not.any longer相当于no longer,强调时间或距离上

29、的”不再”.From then on Rose wasnt scared of snakes anymore,从那时起,罗丝再也不害怕蛇了.I cant wait for her any longer because Im going to be late.我不能再等她了,因为我快要迟到了.crowd n.人群;观众When he lands, the crowd cheers loudly.当他落地时,人群高声欢呼.Thousands of people crowded the street.成千上万的人挤在街上.We all crowded round the table.我们都挤在桌子周

30、围.People always offer their seats to old people on a crowded subway or bus.在拥挤的地铁或公共汽车上,人们总是给老人让座.Tom and Dick are playing chess, with a crowd of students watching them.汤姆和迪克正在下国际象棋,一群学生在围观.However, too much attention can also be a bad thing.然而,太多的关注也可能是一件坏事. (教材P27 3a)too much 太多辨too much, too many

31、 与much tootoo much“太多的”,相当于形容词,修饰不可数名词.“太多”,相当于副词,修饰动词(短语).too many“太多的”,修饰可数名词复数.much too”太;非常”,修饰形容词或副词.Eating too much sweet food will make people get fat.吃太多甜食会使人发胖.You worry too much.你过于担心了.There are too many mistakes in this composition.这篇作文错误太多.It wont be much too long before he comes back.要不

32、了太长时间他就回来了.巧学妙记too many要记住,其后名词必复数;too much, much too,用法区别在尾部;much后跟不可数,too后可跟形或副.And I dont have much private time anymore.我不再有许多的私人时间. (教材P27 3a)private/praivat/adj.私人的;私密的讲形容词同义词为 personal.Dont let out your private information online.不要在网络上泄露你的私人信息.拓名词in private 私下地;单独地We can talk about this matt

33、er in private.我们可以私下谈论这件事.谚 Admonish your friends in private; praise them in public.明赞朋,暗谏友.典例9(2022无锡中考)-Cindy, can I look at your notebook? It looks special.-Sorry. I usually write down something_ in it.A. perfectB. practicalC. pleasantD. private解析:句意:”辛迪,我可以看一下你的笔记本吗?它看起来很特别.”“抱歉.我通常在上面写一些私人的东西.”

34、perfect完美的”;practical实际的”;pleasant令人愉快的”;private私人的”.根据”Sorry可知,此处表示婉拒,说明笔记本上写有一些私人的东西.故选D.Hanging out with friends is almost impossible for me now because there are always guards around me.现在与朋友们外出对我来说几乎是不可能的,因为老有警卫守在我的周围. (教材P27 3a)guard/ga:(r)d/ n.警卫;看守v.守卫;保卫讲(1)可数名词警卫;看守He works as a security g

35、uard in a company.他在一家公司当保安.(2)及物动词守卫;保卫guard against sth.防止防范提防某事The dog was guarding its owers luggage.狗在守护着主人的行李.We need to guard against any possible danger around us.我们需要防范周围任何可能的危险.hang out 闲逛Last Sunday, my elder sister and I hung out in the shopping mall.上周日,我和我姐姐在购物中心闲逛.拓hang的其他常见短语:hang on

36、抓紧;等一下 hang up 挂断电话 hang together同心协力 hang back留下you have to be prepared to give up your normal life 你必须准备好放弃你正常的生活 (教材P27 3a)be prepared to do sth.准备好做某事讲其中 prepared 为形容词,意为”准备好;有所准备”.be prepared for sth.为做好准备”.We are not prepared to accept these conditions.我们还没准备好接受这些条件.We have to be prepared for

37、any difficulty.我们必须为任何困难做好准备.拓prepare动词使做好准备;把预备好;使(自己)有准备prepare for.为做好准备prepare sth.for sb.为某人准备好某物prepare oneself for sth.使某人自己为某事做好准备prepare to do sth.准备做某事Prepare for the worst, hope for the best, and be unsurprised by everything in between.做最坏的打算,抱最好的希望,对两者之间的一切都不感到惊讶.Mom prepared a big lunch

38、 for us.妈妈为我们准备了一顿丰盛的午餐.See your sleep as the time you need in order to prepare yourself for an energetic tomorrow.将睡眠时间视为你为迎接精力充沛的明天所需的时间.Were preparing to go on vacation.我们正准备去度假.give up 放弃讲“动词副词”型短语,后接名词、代词或动词-ing作宾语.名词作其宾语时可以放在两者之间或up之后,代词作其宾语时只能放在give与up之间.Dont give up the things that belong to

39、 you.属于你的东西不要放弃.Drinking was harmful to his health, so he gave it up.喝酒有害健康,所以他戒掉了.You ought to give up smoking.你应该戒烟.典例10 根据所给汉语和提示词完成句子.(恩施州中考)人们告诫”后浪”(年轻一代),如果他们不努力,世界就会失去希望.(give)The younger generation are told that if they_ efforts, the world will lose hope.答案:give up makingYou really require a

40、 lot of talent and hard work to succeed.你真的需要很多天赋和努力才能成功.(教材P27 3a)Require v.需要;要求讲通常不用于进行时.常用搭配:require sth.需要某物require sb.to do sth.要求某人做某事(sth.)require doing(某事物)需要require+ that从句 需要If you require strength in either your body or your mind, red may be of some help to you.如果你需要身体或思想上的力量,红色或许对你有些帮助.

41、The teacher required Tom to keep quiet.老师要求汤姆保持安静.The car requires washing.这辆汽车需要清洗.The poor grades require that we(should) work harder.糟糕的成绩需要我们更加努力学习.拓requirement名词所需的东西通常用其复数形式 requirements.The main requirements are food and water in that area.那个地区主要的需求是食物和水. Only a very small number of people ma

42、ke it to the top.只有极少数人能登上成功的巅峰. (教材P27 3a)a number of.一些;若干讲该短语中,number前可用large、small、great等形容词修饰.There are a great number of books on the shelves,书架上有许多书.辨a number of.,与 the number of.a number of.一些若干“a number of+可数名词复数”作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式.the number of.的数量“the number of +可数名词复数”作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式.A number

43、 of students in our school come from Zhengzhou.我们学校的一些学生来自郑州.The number of the students in our school is 300.我们学校有300名学生.典例11 (2022黔东南州中考)In our school library, there_ a number of books on art. The number of the books_ still growing larger and larger.A. is; isB. are; isC. is; areD. are; are解析:句意:在我们

44、学校的图书馆里,有一些关于艺术的书.这类书的数量还在越来越多.”a number of+复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式,故第一空填are. the number of+复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式,故第二空填is.选B.being alone 独处 (教材P28 4c)alone adj.孤身一人的,无伴的辨alone 与lonelyalone形容词“孤身一人的,无伴的”,常在句中作表语.侧重说明孤身一人,没有同伴或助手的情况,指的是客观情况.副词“独自;单独”,在句中作状语.lonely形容词“孤独的;寂寞的”,侧重说明情感上的孤独.“偏僻的”,用来形容某个地点.典例12

45、(南充中考)-I know old Joe lives_.-We are supposed to visit him from time to time. Then, he wont feel_.A. alone; aloneB. lonely; lonelyC. lonely; aloneD. alone; lonely解析:句意:”我知道老乔一个人住.”“我们应该时不时地去看望他.那样他就不会感到孤独了.”第一空,alone作副词,强调独身一人;第二空,lonely为形容词,指”(感情上)孤独的,寂寞的”.故选D.giving a speech in public 当众作演讲 (教材P28

46、 4c)speech n.讲话;发言讲可数名词其复数形式是speeches.give/make a speech(on/about.)发表(关于的)演讲I am very happy to be here to make a speech today.我很高兴今天能在这里作演讲.拓speechless形容词说不出话的The little boy was speechless with shock.那个小男孩惊得说不出话来.典例13 完成句子,每空一词.(2022通辽中考改编)这个作家兼演讲家现在正在她的家乡做关于中国文化的讲解.The writer and speaker_ _ _ _ on

47、Chinese culture in her hometown now.答案:is giving/making a speechin public公开地;在别人(尤指生人)面前We should talk about this matter in public.我们应该公开谈论此事.Its impolite to speak loudly in public.在公共场合大声说话是不礼貌的.拓public的用法:(1)形容词公立的;公众的通常用于名词前作定语.We can read books in the public library.我们可以在公共图书馆看书.(2)名词民众the publi

48、c大众;民众”,其作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数形式,在英式英语中也可用复数形式.The public is/are wondering what has happened.民众想知道发生了什么事.Section BI used to be nervous about tests all the time.我过去总是对考试感到紧张. (教材P29 1e)be nervous about 对感到紧张讲其后接名词、代词或动词-ing形式作宾语.其中 nervous 作形容词,意为”紧张的;不安的”.I am really nervous about the talent show tonight.我

49、对今晚的才艺表演感到非常紧张.I am nervous about speaking in your presence.在你面前讲话我很紧张.典例1(2022荆州中考)-I always feel_ when speaking in front of others.-Take it easy and be brave.A. gladB. nervousC. proudD. relaxed解析:句意:”在其他人面前讲话的时候我总会感到紧张.”“放轻松,勇敢点.”glad高兴的”;nervous紧张的”;proud自豪的”;relaxed放松的”.故选B.When he was a little

50、boy, he seldom caused any problems.当他还是一个小男孩时,他很少惹事(教材P30 2b)seldom/seldm/adv.不常;很少讲(1)常表示动作发生的频率较低.在句中位于be动词、助动词或情态动词之后,实义动词之前.My father is seldom late for work.我爸爸上班很少迟到.The boy seldom has breakfast. Its a bad habit.这个男孩很少吃早餐.这是个坏习惯.谚Barking dogs seldom bite.吠犬不咬人.(2)seldom 表示否定含义,在反意疑问句中,当陈述部分含有s

51、eldom时,附加疑问部分应用肯定形式.He seldom goes to work by car, does he?他很少开车去上班,是吗?考向点拨seldom的两个主要考查点:一是考查它与其他频度副词的辨析;二是考查含有seldom的反意疑问句中附加问句的形式.Li Wens unhappiness began to influence his schoolwork.李文的不快乐情绪开始影响他的课业.(教材P30 2b)influence/influns/v.&n.影响讲 (1)及物动词influence sb. to do sth.影响某人做某事Poems influence peopl

52、e a lot.诗歌对人们影响很大.What influenced you to take up nursing? 是什么影响你去从事护理工作的?(2)名词影响under the influence of.受到的影响have a(n).influence on sb.对某人有影响The girl chose science under the influence of her mother.受妈妈的影响,这个女孩选择了理科.Listening to music has a great influence on her.听音乐对她有很大的影响.典例2(2022包头中考)-Why could yo

53、u write so well?-I read a lot, and the works of Ernest Hemingway had a strong_ on me as a child.A. attentionB. explanationC. situationD. influence解析:句意:”为什么你写作这么好?”“我读了很多东西,小时候欧内斯特海明威的作品对我影响很大.”attention注意力”;explanation“解释,说明”;situation情况”;influence影响”.故选D.Sometimes he was absent from classes and fa

54、iled his examinations.他有时旷课并且考试不及格.(教材P30 2b)absent/ebsnt/adj.缺席;不在讲反义词为present出席,在场”.be absent from.缺席-Why is Kate absent from class?凯特为什么没来上课?-Oh, she is attending the meeting.哦,她正在参加会议.拓absence名词缺席;不在Will you please take care of my dog during my absence?我不在时,请你帮我照顾一下我的狗好吗?fail/feIl/v.不及格;失败;未能(做到

55、)讲 (1)动词不及格I didnt fail the exam; in fact I did rather well!我没有考不及格,事实上,我考得很不错！(2)动词失败;未能(做到)fail in sth.在方面失败 fail to do sth.未能做某事Although he failed many times, he never gave up his dream.尽管他失败了很多次,但是他从来没放弃过他的梦想.I failed in my attempt to persuade her.我未能说服她.She failed to get into art college.她未能进入艺

56、术学院.拓failure名词失败;失败的人(或事物)谚Failure i the mother of success,失败是成功之母.He was a failure as an actor.他当演员并不成功.典例3 (深圳中考)-Miss Wang, Im sorry I am late because I_ to catch the early bus.-It doesnt matter. Youd better come to school earlier next time,A. neededB. failedC. managed解析:根据题干中的”抱歉我迟到了”以及”你下次最好早点到

57、学校来”可推断,”我”未能赶上早班公交车,fail to do sth.意为”未能做某事”.故选B.examination n.考试;审查讲可数名词可缩写为exam.take an examination 参加考试pass an examination 考试合格fail an examination 考试不合格We are going to take an examination/exam next Friday.下周五我们将要参加一场考试.Its exciting that all my classmates have passed the examination/exam.令人兴奋的是我所

58、有的同班同学都通过了考试.Finally, Li Wens parents made the decision to send him to a boarding school.最终,李文的父母决定送他去寄宿学校. (教材P30 2b)make a/the decision 做决定讲相当于decide. make a/the decision to do sth.=decide to do sth.,意为”决定做某事”.He made a decision( = decided) to stay and see what would happen next.他决定留下来看看接下来会发生什么.拓

59、在短语 make a decision 中,decision 前还可加形容词.如:make a big decision 做出重大决定,make a final decision 做出最终决定.She advised them to talk with their son in person.她建议他们亲自与自己的儿子谈谈. (教材P30 2b)advise v.建议;劝告讲advise sb.(not) to do sth.建议某人(不要)做某事advise doing sth.建议做某事advise+ that从句 建议Her doctor advised her to take a go

60、od rest.她的医生建议她好好休息.I advise riding shared bikes to go there.我建议骑共享单车去那里.The teacher advised me that I(should) pay attention to my spelling.老师建议我注意拼写.拓advice不可数名词建议;忠告a piece of advice 一条建议基数词(大于1)+pieces of advice条建议Sam gave me a piece of advice on how to improve my English.萨姆给了我一条关于如何提高我的英语水平的建议.典

61、例4 (2022宿迁中考改编)-Miss Li, can you tell me how to improve my writing skills?-Certainly. I advise you_ a diary in English every day.A. to keepB. keepingC. kept解析:句意:”李老师,你能告诉我如何提高我的写作技能吗?”“当然.我建议你每天用英语写日记.”advise sb. to do sth.建议某人做某事”,动词不定式作宾语补足语.故选A.in person 亲身;亲自You have to collect your ticket in p

62、erson.你必须亲自取票.典例5根据汉语及提示词完成句子.(2022,宜昌中考)父母应鼓励孩子在周末亲自去看望祖父母.(person)Parents should encourage their children to visit their grandparents_ on weekends.答案:in person“It was exactly what I needed, he said.这正是我所需要的.”他说. (教材P30 2b)exactly/igzektli/adv.确切地;精确地讲副词由”exact(adj.确切的;精确的)-ly(副词后缀)”构成.The train ar

63、rived at exactly 8:00 a.m.火车早上八点钟准时到站.Since we are friends, I know exactly how she feels now.由于我们是朋友,我确切了解她现在的感受.拓not exactly 根本不;不完全The work is not exactly urgent.那项工作并不紧急.典例6用所给词的适当形式填空.(金华中考改编)Many people cant remember_ (exact) when their mothers birthdays are.答案:exactlyNow I understand that even

64、 though they are busy, they are always thinking of me.现在我明白了,尽管他们很忙,但他们一直都挂念着我. (教材P30 2b)even though 尽管;即使讲引导让步状语从句.同义词组是even if.I can still remember even though it was so long ago.尽管那是很久以前的事,但我还记得.be always doing sth.一直做某事;总是做某事讲该短语暗含说话人的某种情绪,例如责备、赞扬、不耐烦等.虽然形式上是”be+v-ing但并不强调动作正在发生.She was always

65、moving things around.她老是将东西搬来搬去.(不耐烦)She is always thinking of others.她总是为别人着想.(赞扬)They take pride in everything good that I do.他们为我做的每一件好事而感到自豪. (教材P30 2b).theyre always proud of me.他们总是为我感到骄傲 (教材P30 2b)take pride in(=be proud of)为感到自豪讲两者后均可接名词、代词或动词-ing作宾语.We take pride in the prosperity of our co

66、untry.我们为我们国家的繁荣昌盛而感到自豪.She is proud of her wonderful cooking.她为自己出色的烹饪技术感到骄傲.典例7根据所给中文完成句子.(2022丹东中考)孩子们知道父母以他们为骄傲吗?Do the children know that their parents_?答案:take pride in them/are proud of themAfter that, Li Wens parents had much more communication with their son than they used to.从那以后,李文的父母与他们的

67、儿子比以前有了更多的交流. (教材P30 2b)have communication with 与交流讲其中 communication 为不可数名词,意为“交流;表达”.be in communication with 与保持联络He has no communication with his family.他和家人没有沟通.The two groups are in communication with each other.这两个小组互相保持联络.General introduction about the changes in your life 总体介绍一下你生活中的变化 (教材P3

68、2 3b)general adj.总的;普遍的;常规的 n.将军讲general形容词总的; 普遍的形容词常规的可数名词将军The general opinion is that the meeting was a success.普遍认为这次会议是成功的.As a general rule, prices follow demands.一般而言,物价随需求而变化.There are several generals taking part in the meeting.有几位将军正在参加会议.拓(1)in general通常;大体上In general, a younger child ne

69、eds more sleep than an older one.通常,年幼的孩子比年长的孩子需要更多的睡眠.(2)generally副词一般地;普遍地generally speaking 一般来说I generally get up at six. 我一般六点钟起床.Generally speaking, the harder you work, the more knowledge youll get.一般来说,你学习越努力,你学到的知识就会越多.introduction n.介绍讲由”introduce 去-e+-tion(名词后缀)”构成.a brief introduction简介m

70、ake an introduction 作介绍Shall I make an introduction?我来作下介绍好吗?拓introduce动词介绍introduce oneself作自我介绍introduce A to B把A介绍给BLet me introduce myself. My name is Simon.容我自我介绍一下,我叫西蒙.He introduced me to a Greek girl at the party.他在聚会上介绍我认识了一位希腊姑娘.典例8用所给词的适当形式填空.When you give a speech, it is polite to make a

71、 simple_ (introduce) first.答案:introductionMy life has changed a lot in the last few years.在过去的几年里,我的生活改变了许多. (教材P32 3b)in the last+时间段 在过去的里讲 同义短语是”in the past+时间段”,通常与现在完成时连用.I have learnt a lot in the last/past three years.在过去的三年里,我学到了很多.In fact, in the last few years, solar panels have become muc

72、h more affordable for people to use.事实上,在过去的几年里,太阳能电池板的价格已经变得更合理了,人们可以用得起.He remained silent most of the time and seldom talked to other people.他大部分时间都保持沉默并且很少和别人交谈. (教材P321)remain linking v.仍然是;保持不变讲连系动词后接形容词或名词作表语.Though she is 65 years old, she remains active.虽然她65岁了,但她仍然很积极.His age remains a mystery.他的年龄依然是个谜.