Unit 4 Natural disasters 单元基础知识精准练习2021-2022学年高一上学期英语人教版（2019）必修第一册.docx

1、BIU4 NATURAL DISASTER一、根据汉语提示，在具体语境中写出单词的正确形式。（每个1分，共15分）1. A _ (灾难) is a very bad accident such as an earthquake or a plane crash, especially one in which a lot of people are killed. 2. A _ (干旱) is a long period of time during which no rain falls. 3. If there is a _ (洪水), a large amount of water co

2、vers an area which is usually dry, for example, when a river flows over its banks or a pipe bursts. 4. If you talk about the _ (震级) of something, you are talking about its great size, scale, or importance. 5. If you go / come to someones _ (营救), you help them when they are in danger or difficulty. 6

3、. (2015北京卷) Once the _ (损坏) is done, it will take many years for the farmland to recover. 7. If you say that something is a matter of life and _ (死亡) , you are emphasizing that it is extremely important, often because someone may die or suffer great harm if people do not act immediately. 8. If a pla

4、ce provides _ (庇护), it provides you with a place to stay or live, especially when you need protection from bad weather or danger. 9. A _ (裂纹) is a line that appears on the surface of something when it is slightly damaged. 10. If you have a _ (震惊), something suddenly happens which is unpleasant, upse

5、tting, or very surprising. 11. If you say that something is an _ (极艰难的事), you mean that an unusual amount of physical or mental energy is needed to do it. 12. The _ (语境) of a word, sentence, or text consists of the words, sentences, or text before and after it which help to make its meaning clear. 1

6、3. A _ (供应) of something is an amount of it which someone has or which is available for them to use. 14. If someone has _ (权力), they have a lot of control over people and activities. 15. A _ (撞车; 坠机) is an accident in which a moving vehicle hits something and is damaged or destroyed. 16. It can be u

7、seful to write a short _ (概括) of your argument first.17. When there is a _ (罢工), workers stop doing their work for a period of time, usually in order to try to get better pay or conditions for themselves. 18. A _ (成套用具) is a group of items that are kept together, often in the same container, because

8、 they are all used for similar purposes. 19. A _ (管子) is a long, round, hollow object, usually made of metal or plastic, through which a liquid or gas can flow. 20. A _ (尖啸) is a loud sound produced by air or steam being forced through a small opening, or by something moving quickly through the air.

9、 二、词形转换，根据括号内所给单词，写出该单词的正确形式。（每个1分，共15分）1. (2017天津卷) The landscape, beautiful on its own, somehow comes to life and _ (breathe) because this woman is engaging with it. 2. When a volcano _ (erupt), it throws out a lot of hot, melted rock called lava (岩浆), as well as ash and steam. 3. If someone _ (un

10、ify) different things or parts, or if the things or parts unify, they are brought together to form one thing. 4. When something such as the economy, a business, a trend, or a feeling _ (revive), it becomes active, popular, or successful again. 5. When someone _ (deliver) a lecture or speech, they gi

11、ve it in public. 6. (2014浙江卷) I didnt become a serious climber until the fifth grade, when I went up _ (rescue) a kite that was stuck in the branches of a tree. 7. (2017北京卷) CPR is a life-saving technique. To do CPR, you press on the sick persons chest so that blood moves through the body and takes

12、oxygen to organs. Without oxygen the brain _ (damage) quickly. 8. (2016北京卷) Teenagers climbed dozens of flights of stairs to deliver water and food to elderly people _ (trap) in powerless high-rise buildings. 9. The train _ (whistle) as it arrived at the station. 10. _ (aid) by heat and strong winds

13、, the fire quickly spread. 11. A truck went out of control and _ (crash) into the back of a bus. 12. (2018浙江卷) I still remember visiting a friend whod lived here for five years and I _ (shock) when I learnt she hadnt cooked once in all that time. 13. He walked slowly, his hands _ (bury) in his pocke

14、ts. 14. Within a few days she had become seriously ill, _ (suffer) great pain and discomfort. 15. The libraries in large cities are well _ (supply) with books on most subjects. 16. It was this mistake that _ (ruin) his chances of getting the job. 17. When something such as the economy, a business, a

15、 trend, or a feeling _ (revive), it becomes active, popular, or successful again. 18. In a total disaster, nobody _ (survive). 覆巢之下无完卵。19. The device or fuel that _ (power) a machine provides the energy that the machine needs in order to work. 20. (2017全国卷) Minutes after the last movie ended yesterd

16、ay at the Plaza Theater, employees were busy _ (sweep) up popcorns and gathering coke cups. 三、词性转化，根据括号内所给单词，写出该单词的正确形式。（每个1分，共15分）1. The _ (erupt) of an active volcano is a terrible phenomenon.2. Accurate and excellent accounts have been written of the _ (evacuate) of the British and French armies

17、from Dunkirk. 3. (2018北京卷) By mile 17, I became out of _ (breathe) and the once injured ankle hurt badly. 4. When there is a _ (revive) of something, it becomes active or popular again. 5. _ (unify) is the process by which two or more countries join together and become one country. 6. If you refer t

18、o the _ (survive) of a person or living thing, you mean that they live through a dangerous situation in which it was possible that they might die. 7. (2014北京卷) The author and his family survived mainly due to their _ (calm). 8. (2016.6浙江卷) After that, I set out to read widely for an inspiring topic,

19、 wrote a speech, and practiced its _ (deliver) in beautiful pronunciation with good public speech skills. 9. A _ (sum) summary of something is a short account of it, which gives the main points but not the details. 10. If a court of law awards _ (damage) to someone, it orders money to be paid to the

20、m by a person who has damaged their reputation or property, or who has injured them. 11. (2016北京卷) Today, the scars (创痕) of _ (destroy) are still seen in Rockaway, but hope is in the air. 12. (2014全国卷) So today I want to give you some _ (wise) about how to make the most of the time you spend in the

21、kitchen. 13. _ (suffer) is serious pain which someone feels in their body or their mind. My parents seldom mention the _ (suffer) they have gone through to me. 14. (2018全国卷) While running regularly cant make you live forever, the review says it is more effective at _ (length) life than walking, cycl

22、ing or swimming. 15. (2020全国卷III) As a businesswoman, I care deeply about my customers. But like anyone for whom you feel _ (affect), customers can also drive you mad. 四、用所给出的短语词块填空。（每个1分，共15分）volcanic eruption; as if / though; in ruins; in shock; in the open air; first aid kit; on hand / at hand; s

23、weep away; at length; on strike; be buried in；see through 1. (2017北京卷) It certainly was, Paris had suffered a sudden heart failure. Without immediate medical care, Paris would die. At first, no one moved. The girls were _ (处于极度震惊状态). 2. (2016北京卷) When they returned to Rockaway the next day, they fou

24、nd their neighborhood _ (成为废墟).3. I plan to revisit this topic _ (详细地) in the next few articles.4. I love the feeling of eating a packed lunch _ (在野外).5. (2016北京卷) To make it easier to get in touch with us, youd better keep this card _ (在手边). 6. They went _ (罢工) Monday in demand of a 30 percent wage

25、 increase.7. People usually clean house because they want to _ (清除) bad luck. 8. (2017全国卷) When fat and salt are removed from food, the food tastes _ (好像) it is missing something. 9. They were listening for some sound _ (埋没于) the wind.10. If you _ (看穿; 识破) someone or their behaviour, you realize wha

26、t their intentions are, even though they are trying to hide them. 五、句式结构填空。（每个1分，共10分）1. It seemed _ (仿佛) the world were coming to an end. 2. _ (无论哪里) they appeared, they were welcomed with applause and flowers. 3. The firefighters _ the task was given did their best but there was no way to organise

27、 or communicate. 4. The injured boy _ mother was lost in the disaster was taken to the hospital. 5. Wednesday night _ (see) the destruction of the very heart of the city. 6. However, dangerous conditions and damaged roads will make _ difficult to deliver food and supplies. 7. I was having breakfast

28、with my three children _ water started filling my home. 8. Never before in history _ so completely destroyed. 历史上从未有过一座城市被摧毁得如此彻底。9. It takes a lot of love and courage _(risk) ones own life to save someone elses. 10. It was the first time that a Chinese team _ (work) outside China, and the team won

29、high praise for their bravery and skill. 六、本单元语法专项练。（每个1分，共10分）1. The house _ (屋顶被毁坏了的) in the big fire belongs to my grandparents. 2. I dont know the girl _ (和你说话的)3. Those boys _ (正在打网球的) are my friends.4. The day _ (他将永远不会忘记的) is special for him.5. Once we were discussing how to help the student

30、_ (那个重病住院的)6. Many shelters were set up for those _ (他们的家园已被毁的) in the disaster. 7. In senior high school you will study more courses _ (与不同的) your junior middle school courses. 8. You can also share your unhappy things with somebody_ (你信任的) and listen to their suggestions. 9. This book, _, will giv

31、e you all the information. 这本书会给你提供所有的信息，它在任何一家书店都能买到。10. Football, _, is played all over the world.足球是一项非常有趣的运动，全世界都踢足球。七、课文语法填空。（每个1分，共10分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Several days before July 28, 1976, many strange things happened in Tangshan. They were signs for an earthquake. But people _1_

32、 lived there didnt think much of that. At 3:42, a.m. that day, the earth began _2_ (shake), which destroyed almost all the city in fifteen terible seconds. People were in shock. _3_ (late) that afternoon, another big earthquake shook the city again. Even _4_ (many) buildings fell down. Very soon the

33、 army sent a lot of soldiers to help, _5_ teams were organised to dig out the trapped and to bury _6_ dead. Many people, inlcuding nurses and doctors, _7_ (come) to rescue those who were trapped under the ruins. Slowly, things _8_ (improve) and the city began to breathe again. With the governments s

34、upport and the local peoples _9_ (tire) efforts, a new Tangshan _10_ (build) upon the earthquake ruins. It proves that in times of disaster, people must unity. 八、 书面表达 （25分）为了提高同学们在突发事件中自救的能力，你校邀请著名地质学（geologist）王教授来举办一场地震知识讲座。假设你是校学生会主席，请你以学生会名义在英语角写一则书面通知，内容如下：1. 时间：下周一上午8点；地点：学校礼堂；2. 内容：学习有关地震中逃生

35、的知识，并观看相关录像；3. 演讲人；4. 要求：全体学生按时参加，认真听讲，记好笔记，报告会后进行讨论。注意：1. 内容完整，行文连贯，切勿逐词逐句翻译；2. 词数100左右。Notice_ 【本单元词汇串记：表示“灾难”的词汇】disaster n. 灾难，灾害tornado n. 龙卷风drought n. 旱灾，久旱landslide / landfall n. 崩塌tsunami n. 海啸flood n. 洪水volcanic eruption n. 火山喷发typhoon n. 台风hurricane n. （西大西洋）飓风crash n. 碰撞，装车 【拓展：熟词新义】请写出划

36、线部分词汇的汉语意思。1. If someone has power, they have a lot of control over people and activities. _ 2. Human societies have the power to solve the problems confronting them. _3. If it is in or within your power to do something, you are able to do it or you have the resources to deal with it. _4. If someone

37、 in authority has the power to do something, they have the legal right to do it. _5. You can use power to refer to a country that is very rich or important, or has strong military forces. _6. Power is energy, especially electricity, that is obtained in large quantities from a fuel source and used to

38、 operate lights, heating, and machinery. _7. The flywheel battery, it is said, could power an electric car for 600 miles on a single charge. _ 答案：1. 权力 2. 能力 3. 能力范围 4. (法律赋予的) 权力 5. 强国 6. 电能 7. vt. 供电 KEYS TO NATURAL DISASTER一、1. disaster 2. drought 3. flood 4. magnitude 5. rescue 6. damage 7. deat

39、h 8. shelter 9. crack 10. shock 11. effort 12. context 13. supply 14. power 15. crash 16. summary 17. strike 18. kit 19. pipe 20. whistle 二、1. breathes 2. erupts 3. unifies 4. is revived / revives 5. delivers 6. to rescue 7. is damaged 8. trapped 9. whistled / was whistling 10. Aided 11. crashed 12.

40、 was shocked 13. buried 14. suffering 15. supplied 16. ruined 17. is revived / revives 18. survives 19. powers vt. 为提供动力 20. sweeping 三、1. eruption n. 喷发，爆发 2. evacuation n. 撤离；疏散 3. breath n. 气息，气体 4. revival n. 复兴；复苏 5. Unification n. 联合，统一 6. survival n. 存活，幸存 7. calmness n. 冷静，镇静 8. delivery n.

41、演讲风格，递送 9. summary n. 总结，概要 10. damages n. 赔偿金 11. destruction n. 破坏，摧毁 12. wisdom n. 智慧 13. Suffering n. 身心痛苦; sufferings 生活困苦 14. lengthening vt. 延长，加长 15. affection n. 爱恋，感情 四、1. in shock 2. in ruins 3. at length 4. in the open air 5. at hand; on hand 6. on strike 7. sweep away 8. as if / though

42、9. buried in 10. see through 五、1. as if / though 2. Everywhere conj. 3. to whom 4. whose 5. saw 6. it 7. when 8. has a city been 9. to risk 10. had worked 六、1. whose roof was damaged 2. who/whom/that you speak to 3. who are playing tennis 4. which/that he will never forget 5. who was seriously ill i

43、n hospital 6. whose homes had been destroyed 7. which/that are different from 8. that/who/whom you trust 9. which you can get at any bookshop10. which is a very interesting sport 七、1. who / that 2. to shake 3. Later 4. more 5. and 6. the 7. came 8. improved 9. tireless 10. was built 八、NoticeIn order

44、 to help students deal with emergencies and save themselves, a lecture will be held in the lecture hall of our school next Monday Monday. The lecture is mainly about how to survive an earthquake, including the signs of a coming earthquake and the DOS and DONTS during and after an earthquake. The lecture will be given by professor Wang, a famous geologist in China. After the lecture, there will be a video about earthquakes. Every everyone is required to be present on time, please listen attentively and take notes. After the lecture. We will have a discussion in groups. Students Union