Unit 4 Period 2 Grammar and usage .docx

1、 Unit 4 Looking good, feeling goodPeriod 2 Grammar and usage & Integrated skills（译林版2020必修第一册）0101学习目标1.Understand the meanings of restrictive relative clauses with relative adverbs;2. Summarize the general rules of restrictive relative clauses with relative adverbs;3. Apply restrictive relative cla

2、uses with relative adverbs to specific situations;4.Write a short paragraph about “World Sleep Daywith restrictive relative clauses.5. Know the advantages and disadvantages of plastic surgery;6. Summarize the features of the PRE structure;7. Write an argument essay about plastic surgery with the PRE

3、 structure.02预习导学. 必备单词: 根据提示填写单词或者短语1 n发作；攻击；抨击 vt.& vi.攻击；侵袭；抨击2 n数量3 n日程安排，工作计划；时间表4 adj.消极的，负面的；坏的，有害的；否定的5. plastic adj. n. 6. surgery n. 7. plastic surgery 8. campus n. 9. guy n. 答案：1attack 2amount 3schedule4negative5.可塑的，塑料的；塑料6. 外科手术7.整形手术；整形外科8. (大学、学院的)校园，校区9.小伙子，家伙. 核心单词拓展1._ n. 报刊, 记者, 新

4、闻界, 出版社 v. 按, 挤, 压; 压榨; 压扁, 压制; 熨平; 挤向前, 奋力前进;催促;逼迫_ n. 心理压力,紧张;压力;要求,催促2_ vi.& vt.是的原因之一；捐赠，捐献；增加，添加_ n贡献；捐款；捐赠_n捐赠者；投稿人3_n记忆力，记性；记忆，回忆_vt.记忆，记住4_n治疗；对待，待遇；处理_vt.治疗；对待；处理5_ n增加，添加；加法_ vt.增加；添加；补充说_adj.附加的，添加的答案：1. press, pressure 2. contribute, contribution, contributor 3.memory, memorize 4. treatm

5、ent, treat 5. addition, add, additional . 英汉双译短语1_促成，造成2_从短期/长期看3_此外4. _ 唤醒5. have trouble doing sth. _6. slow down _7. stick to _8. be happy with _答案：1. contribute to 2. in the short/long term3. in addition 4. wake up 5. 做某事有困难6.减肥，苗条 7. 坚持 8. 对满意.初识语法1. It is normal for teenagers to be slightly ov

6、erweight and there is no reason they should be worried. 2. In a society being thin is often seen as being beautiful, teenagers sometimes turn to extreme methods to slim down quickly. 3. Do you remember a time you had no worries stopping you from getting a good nights rest? 4. They are still growing,

7、 and night is the time their bodies grow faster. 5. One of the reasons people fail to get a good nights sleep is pressure from school or work. 答案：1. why 2. where 3. when 4. when 5. why 03探究提升词汇精讲1. pressure n. 心理压力，紧张；压力；要求，催促(教材P48)One of the reasons why people fail to get a good nights sleep is pr

8、essure from school or work. 人们晚上睡不好的原因之一是来自学校或工作的压力。【归纳拓展】（1）He does not like to work under pressure.他不愿做有压力的工作。（2）Her health becomes poor under the pressure of work.工作的压力使她的身体变差了。（3）You should remember that even the best student can make mistakes sometimes. So dont put too much pressure on yourself

9、.你应该记住，即使最好的学生有时也会犯错误，所以不要给自己施加太大的压力。【即时练习】单句语法填空/完成句子Did your father put pressure you?The metal frame tends to twist pressure.Youre likely to feel anxious and (pressure)Now that the deadline is approaching we all .因为日期靠近了我们都感到有压力。答案：on under pressured felt under pressure2. contribute vi. & vt. 是的原因

10、之一; 捐赠, 捐献; 增加, 添加(教材P48)Noise pollution and light pollution in a big cities may also contribute to sleep problem.大城市的噪音污染和光污染也可能导致睡眠问题。【归纳拓展】 (1)contribute to 促成, 有助于contribute. . . to. . . 为捐献(2)contributionn. 贡献; 捐助 make contributions/a contribution to. . . 为做出贡献(1)In Song Dynasty China contribut

11、ed three great inventions to world civilization. 中国在宋朝为世界文明贡献了三大发明。(2)I hope my suggestions will contribute to solving the problem. 我希望我的建议将有助于解决这个问题。(3)The Chinese people have made a greater contribution to mankind. 中国人民已经为人类做出了较大的贡献。名师指津contribute to和make a contribution/ contributions to中的to都为介词，后

12、面要接名词、代词或动名词。【即时练习】单句语法填空/完成句子Honesty and hard work contribute success and happiness.The government offered the scientist ￥5,000,000 in reward for his great (contribute). I am firmly convinced of the significance of honesty, which will contribute to _(build) a warm and harmonious society.Everyone sh

13、ould the environment.每个人都应当为保护环境做贡献。答案：to contributions building make contributions to protecting3. attack n. 发作；攻击；抨击 vt. & vi. 攻击；侵袭；抨击(教材P48) In the long term, they may be at increased risk of having a poor memory, being overweight and suffering a heart attack. 从长期看, 他们记忆力差、超重和心脏病发作的风险可能会增加。【归纳拓展

14、】(1)make an attack on/upon攻击, 向进攻under attack遭到的攻击/抨击(2)attack sb. with sth. 用某物攻击某人(3)be attacked with. . . (患)病, 得(病)(1)But before Mac could open the door, the wolf had caught up and jumped to make an attack on him. 但马克还没来得及打开门, 那只狼就追上了他, 跳起来攻击他。 (2)When a leafy plant is under attack/attacked, it

15、doesnt sit quietly. 当多叶植物受到攻击时, 它不会坐以待毙。(3)He was attacked with dysentery from the drinking of dirty water last week. 上周, 他因喝了污水得了痢疾。【即时练习】单句语法填空/完成句子Dont walk alone in the street after dark, or you may get (attack). When an animal is attack, it can run away or fight back.The general commanded that

16、the soldiers (should) the enemy.将军命令士兵对敌人发起进攻。The baby is in a poor health, and it a disease.婴儿的身体状况很差，经常患病。答案：attacked under make an attack on/upon is often attacked with4. memory n. 记忆力, 记性; 记忆, 回忆（教材原句P48）In the long term, they may be at increased risk of having a poor memory, being overweight an

17、d suffering a heart attack. 从长远来看，他们记忆力差、超重和心脏病发作的风险可能会增加。【归纳拓展】(1)in memory of 为了纪念in ones memory 在某人的记忆中have a good/bad memory for 对的记忆好/差(2)memorize vt. 记住(1)In memory of our happy times here weve planted a little garden. 为了纪念我们在这里的美好时光, 我们建造了一座小花园。(2)This small town used to be quiet and beautifu

18、l in my memory. 在我的记忆中, 这个小镇曾经是宁静而美丽的。【即时练习】完成句子She names. 她对名字有极好的记忆力。Judges will choose up to 50 honorable mention winners, who will each receive a T-shirt _ Earharts final flight. 评委将最多选出50名优秀奖得主, 每人将获得一件纪念埃尔哈特的最后一次飞行的T恤衫。答案：has an excellent memory for in memory of 5. amount n. 数量（教材原句P49） Everyo

19、ne knows that the amount of quality sleep that we get is important to us. 每个人都知道我们获得的高质量睡眠对我们很重要。【归纳拓展】(1)I had not expected such an amount of praise. 我没料到会受到这么多赞扬。(2)A large amount of damage caused by floods has been reported in the past few days. 在过去的几天内已经报道了洪水造成的大量损失。(3)Youll never amount to anyt

20、hing if you spend your time that way!你要是老这样消磨时间，将一事无成！名师点津（1）a large (small) amount of/large (small) amounts of后面的名词只能是不可数名词，但当它们作主语时，句子的谓语动词要与amount的单复数形式保持一致。即：“a large amount of不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数；“large amounts of 不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。（2）表示“大量的”短语还有a large number of, a great deal of, plenty of, a l

21、arge quantity of 等。a great deal of只能修饰不可数名词；a large number of只能修饰可数名词复数；a lot of, plenty of, a large quantity of既可以修饰可数名词，也可以修饰不可数名词。【即时练习】单句语法填空/完成句子Large amounts of my pocket money _ (be) spent buying new books last year.A great amount of homework (have) to be done every day, so large quantities o

22、f students time are (be) occupied.He must memorize large (amount) of material. spent on the project.这个工程耗费了巨额资金。答案：were has, are amounts A large amount of money is 6. schedule n. 日程安排, 工作计划; 时间表（教材原句P49）Try to stick to your sleep schedule at the weekend too, even though weekends are probably the tim

23、e when you feel like a lie-in. 尽量在周末也坚持你的睡眠时间表，即使周末可能是你想睡懒觉的时候。 (1)ahead of schedule 提前on schedule 按时, 按时间表(2)schedulevt. 安排; 为安排时间be scheduled to do sth. 按计划/被安排做某事as schedule如期, 按计划(1)The new bridge has been finished two years ahead of schedule. 这座新桥提前两年落成。(2)The activity is scheduled to begin at

24、8: 00 a. m. and end at 10: 30 a. m. , lasting more than two hours. 活动定于上午8点开始, 10点30分结束, 持续两个多小时。(3)As (it is) scheduled, the activity will be held in the hall of the City Museum from 8: 00 am to 6: 00 pm next Sunday. 按照安排, 活动将于下周日上午8点至下午6点在城市博物馆大堂举行。【即时练习】单句语法填空/完成句子The train is schedule. Youll hav

25、e to wait another fifteen minutes. The plane didnt arrive schedule because of the heavy fog.Our guests are scheduled (arrive) at 7：30 this evening.Because of the weather, the sports meeting was held a week ahead of schedule.由于天气原因，运动会提前一周召开。答案：behind on to arrive ahead of schedule 短语精讲in the short/l

26、ong term 从短期/长期看 (教材P48) In the short term, people with sleep problems often feel tired and have trouble concentrating. 从短期看, 有睡眠问题的人经常感到疲倦, 难以集中注意力。【归纳拓展】(1) Read some English every day, and your English will improve in the long term.每天读些英语，从长远来看你的英语会提高的。(2) In the short term, the medicine may not

27、be very effective. 从短期来看，这药可能疗效不是很大。(3) Let each child read in terms of his own tastes and choices.让每个孩子根据自己的兴趣爱好选择书籍阅读。【即时练习】单句语法填空/完成句子We should cut our expense the long term.The country is very poor and it has to come to terms the neighbouring countries.We are good terms with all our neighbours.I

28、 feel sure that ability and experience, you are absolutely suited to the position.我相信从能力和经验来看，你绝对适合这个职位。答案：in with on in terms of语法精讲关系副词在引导定语从句时, 其功能相当于介词短语, 在从句中作状语。引导定语从句的关系副词有when、where、why。1. 关系副词when引导的定语从句关系副词when引导定语从句时, 先行词应是表示时间的名词, 如time, day, hour, year等。关系副词在从句中作时间状语。*(2021新高考卷)But like

29、 all performances, there are moments when things go wrong. 但就像所有的表演一样, 总有出错的时候。*(2019江苏高考)We have entered into an age when dreams have the best chance of coming true. 我们已经进入了一个时代, 在这个时代梦想实现的机会最大。【名师点晴】when/which/that引导定语从句表时间when是关系副词, 在从句中只能作时间状语, 而不能作宾语或主语。关系词如果在从句中作主语或宾语要用关系代词which或that。Do you re

30、member the days when we chatted with each other all night? 你还记得我们整夜聊天的那些日子吗? (when在从句中作状语)Do you remember the days that/which we spent together on the farm? 你还记得我们在农场一起度过的那些日子吗? (that或which作spent的宾语)【即时练习】单句语法填空At the age other people retire, Francis began the greatest cause in his life. There are o

31、ccasions one must yield. I have forgotten the exact date the country became independent. I like to look back on my high-school days, were the happiest in my life. 答案：when when when which2. 关系副词where引导的定语从句关系副词where引导定语从句时, 先行词应是表示地点的名词, 如place, factory, house, village等或表示抽象地点的名词point, situation, con

32、dition, stage, case等。关系副词在从句中作地点状语。*(2021浙江高考)There are two parks less than 10 minutes walk from home where neighbourhood children gather to play. 从家里步行不到10分钟的地方有两个公园, 附近的孩子们聚集在那里玩耍。*Self-driving is an area where China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line. 自动驾驶是中国和世界上其他国家都处于相同起跑线的

33、一个领域。*(2019天津高考)Their child is at the stage where she can say individual words but not full sentences. 他们的孩子正处于这样的阶段, 她只会说单个的词不会说完整的句子。【名师点晴】where/which/that引导定语从句表地点若表示地点的先行词在从句中作地点状语, 用where来引导定语从句; 若作主语或宾语, 应用which或that来引导定语从句。*This is the house which/that was built by my grandfather forty years

34、ago. 这是我爷爷在40年前建造的房子。(定语从句中缺少主语, 所以用which/that, 不用where)*The school which/that we visited yesterday is newly built. 我们昨天参观的那所学校是新建的。(关系代词which/that在从句中作宾语)【即时练习】单句语法填空You have reached the point a change is needed. In an hour, we can travel to places would have taken our ancestors days to reach. This

35、 is the town I wanted to visit most. When he stood in front of the house he grew up as a child, he saw a lady standing in the entrance. 答案：where which/ that which/that where3. 关系副词why引导的定语从句关系副词why引导定语从句时, 先行词常常为reason, 关系副词在从句中作原因状语。*I dont know the reason why he didnt turn to his good friend for h

36、elp yesterday. 我不知道昨天他为什么没向他的好朋友求助。*The reason why he didnt come to the party is that he didnt want to see Jane. 他不来参加聚会的原因是他不想见到简。【名师点晴】why/which/that引导定语从句表原因若先行词reason在从句中作原因状语, 用why来引导定语从句; 若其在从句中作主语或宾语, 应用that或which来引导定语从句。I wont listen to the reason that/which you have given us. 我不会听你给我们的理由。Wh

37、at you really need to do is figure out the reason why/for which you fail the exam. 你真正需要做的是找出你考试失败的原因。【即时练习】单句语法填空(1)用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空I know the reason he explained at the meeting. Tell me the reason he refused to listen to my advice. He wrote a letter he explained what had happened in the accident. T

38、hey will run an after-class club kids can have fun and learn how to protect themselves. We are living in an age QR codes(二维码)are becoming more and more popular in our daily life. Stephen Hawking believed that the earth is unlikely to be the only planet life has developed gradually. 答案：that/which why

39、 where where whenwhere(2)句型转换There are many reasons why people like travelling. There are many reasons people like travelling. We all look forward to the day when the scientists can discover more secrets of the universe. We all look forward to the day the scientists can discover more secrets of the

40、universe. He just shrugged, smiled a bit and went to the room where my first lecture was about to take place. He just shrugged, smiled a bit and went to the room my first lecture was about to take place. 答案：for which on which in which单元写作写一篇发表观点类的文章1. 话题特点发表观点类文章是对某一事件或社会现象发表个人观点和看法的文章, 属议论文。通常分成三个部

41、分来写: 提出问题、分析问题、得出结论。2. 话题词汇(1)increasingly popular越来越流行 (2)bear the risk of 承担的风险 (3)in my view 依我看(4)hold the idea that. . . 持有观点(5)various senses of beauty 不同的美感(6)a lifelong pain 终生的疼痛(7)satisfy ones appetite for 满足某人对的欲望(8)boost ones confidence增强某人的信心(9)facial expression面部表情3. 话题句式(1)描述现象More an

42、d more people choose to take the plastic surgery to make themselves look more perfect. 越来越多的人选择接受整形手术, 让他们自己看起来更完美。(2)表达观点Every coin has two sides. 事物都有两面性。After the surgery, there are always side effects, which haunt people all the time. 手术过后, 总会有副作用, 它们会一直困扰着人们。(3)得出结论Outer beauty is only skin-dee

43、p, as the saying goes. 就像俗语所说的那样, 外在美不过是肤浅的。The real beauty is from the soul. 真正的美丽是从心灵散发出来的。【案例分析】现在做整容手术很流行。假设你是李华, 你的英国好友Peter来信向你询问你周围的同学以及你对整容的看法。请你给他写一封回信。内容包括: 1. 持支持态度的人的看法和理由; 2. 持反对态度的人的看法和理由; 3. 你的看法。注意: 1. 词数80左右; 2. 可以适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯。【参考范文】Dear Peter, I am writing to share what my classm

44、ates and I think of the plastic surgery. A small part of my classmates think it a good choice for people to improve their physical appearance and boost their confidence. However, most of my classmates hold a different opinion. They think the risk of injury in plastic surgery cant be ignored by us. A

45、 failed surgery will make people look unnatural and they will be unable to make certain facial expressions. As for me, our inner world is much more important than our appearance. So plastic surgery is unnecessary, and we should love ourselves just the way we are. Yours, Li Hua 4体系构建05记忆清单1.pressure

46、n. 心理压力，紧张；压力；要求，催促press n. 报刊; 记者们; 新闻界; 通讯社#强迫征兵v. 按, 挤, 压; 榨出; 压碎, 压破; 熨平; 挤向前, 奋力前进;2.contribute vi. & vt. 是的原因之一；捐赠，捐献；增加，添加contribution n贡献，促成因素；捐赠contribute to 促成，造成3. in the short/long term 从短期/长期看4. memory n. 记忆力，记性；记忆，回忆5.attack n. 发作；攻击；抨击vt. & vi. 攻击；侵袭；抨击6.amount n. 数量7.schedule n. 日程安排

47、，工作计划；时间表8.negative adj. 消极的，负面的；坏的，有害的；否定的9.plastic adj. 可塑的，塑料的n. 塑料10.surgery n. 外科手术plastic surgery 整形手术；整形外科11.campus n. (大学、学院的)校园，校区12.treatment n. 治疗，对待，待遇；处理treat v. 视为, 论述, 对待; 交涉, 协商, 谈判13.guy n. 小伙子，家伙14.addition n. 增加，添加；加法 additional adj. 额外的，增加的in addition 此外06强化训练单词拼写1. The new sport

48、s centre will take the (压力) off the old one.2. His healthy lungs were (侵袭) by the coronavirus.3. If you add all these (数量) together you get a huge figure. 4. Sometimes ignorance and n outlooks on situations can create anger.5.You can see from these examples that many people could benefit from a flex

49、ible work s . 6. Physical and mental health c to longevity. 7. The Dragon Boat Festival is in m of a Chinese poet. 8. After numerous experiments, some doctors have made a breakthrough in the t of cancer.9. In a to watching the food on display ,visitors to CIIE(进博会) can also taste food cooked on the

50、spot.10. It takes hundreds of years of (塑料to break down, but much less time for paper.答案：1. pressure 2. attacked 3. amounts 4. negative 5. schedule 6. contribute 7. memory 8.treatment 9. addition 10. plastic 单句语法填空1. The reason he is late is that there was a breakdown on the railway. 2. Its on the f

51、estival occasions the family get together that he misses his late father. 3. He has reached the point he can solve almost every software problem. 4. The film brought the hours back to me I was taken good care of in that far-away village. 5. Students should involve themselves in community activities

52、they can gain experience for growth. 6. He didnt tell me the reason he was so excited. 7. We visited the car factory my uncle once worked three years ago. 8. Maria has written two novels, both of have been made into television series. 9. Do you still remember the day we met on the train for the firs

53、t time? 10. World War during millions of people were killed ended in 1945. 答案：1. why 2. when 3. where 4. when 5. where 6. why 7. where 8.which 9. when10. which.完成句子1. We are living in an age on the computer. 我们生活在可以在电脑上做许多事情的时代。2. After graduation he returned to the small town . 毕业以后, 他回到那个他长大的小镇上。3

54、. This is the house . 这是一个星期前他们住过的房子。4. The reason is that he often tells lies. 我不信任他的原因是他常常撒谎。5. was that he was ill in bed. 他不能到那里去的原因是他卧病在床。6. Ill never forget the days . 我永远也不会忘记和你一起工作的日子。答案：1. when many things are done 2. where/ in which we grew up 3. where they lived a week ago 4. why I dont t

55、rust him 5. The reason why he could not go there 6. when I worked together with you. 应用文写作为了让同学们远离疾病, 保持身体健康, 你班将举行一次英语班会, 主题为“How to Be Strong and Healthy”。请你根据下面的提示写一篇发言稿。存在问题: 部分学生身体素质差。解决办法: 1. 充足的睡眠; 2. 加强锻炼, 增加户外活动; 3. 按时吃饭, 少吃零食。注意: 1. 词数80左右(开头已给出, 但不计入总词数); 2. 可适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯。How to Be Stro

56、ng and HealthyIt is obvious that some students are neither in good health nor full of energy. _【参考范文】How to Be Strong and HealthyIt is obvious that some students are neither in good health nor full of energy. Therefore, Id like to offer some suggestions on how to keep healthy and energetic. First of

57、 all, to get enough sleep, wed better form the habit of early to go to bed and early to rise instead of staying up late. In addition, we ought to take more exercise and do more outdoor activities to strengthen our body. Last but not least, make sure we keep a regular diet and eat less junk food, which will be beneficial to us. Follow these suggestions, and we will be strong and healthy and stay away from illnesses.