Unit 4.同步资料含课文翻译-【帮课堂】2021-2022学年高一英语同步精品讲义（上教版必修二）.docx

1、Unit 4 Achievements 同步课文资料ObjectivesA.Reading and interactionDescribe challenges in life,and how to deal with them as reflected in the passageB.Grammar activityUse the to-infinitive as the adverbial correctly in the given contextC.Listening and speakingExpress ideas about successful people in differ

2、ent areasD.WritingWrite an opinion essay on PE classes with arguments and examples using appropriate language and formatE.Cultural focusInterpret the definition of success as reflected in the success storiesDescribe the experiences of three teenagers pursuing their goalsA.Reading and interactionPre-

3、reading activity1.Before you read,discuss these quotes about success.Which quote do you like most?Why?a.Success is falling nine times,and getting up ten.b.Success is being able to live your life in your own way.c.Luck is the best way to explain the success of people that you dont like.d.A successful

4、 person is someone who can build something with bricks that others have thrown of him.e.No pain,no gain.2.Have you ever heard of Ernest Hemingway and his works?How much do you know about his novel The Old Man and the Sea?The Old Man and the SeaThe Old Man and the Sea is one of Hemingways most famous

5、 works. It tells the story of an old man called Santiago who goes out on the sea to fish. At this point in the story,he has finally caught a huge fish after 84 days of catching nothing. As the fish is too large to be carried on his little boat, he ties it along the side of it. However, he knows that

6、 he will face many dangers on the way home,because the blood from the wounds of the big fish could attract sharks.The fish is likely to become the target of attack.This passage begins at the moment when a large shark approaches the fish.Can the old man survive a shark attack?Will he be able to fight

7、 off the bloodthirsty shark?Read and find out.The old man took one look at the great fish as he watched the shark close in. I cannot keep him from hitting me, （keep sb from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事）he thought,but maybe I can get him.The shark closed fast on the boat and when he hit the fish the old man sa

8、w his mouth open and his strange eyes and his sharp teeth as he drove forward in the meat just above the tail. The old man could hear the noise of skin and flesh ripping （rip n. 裂口，裂缝vi. 裂开，被撕裂vt. 撕；锯）on the big fish when he threw the fishing spear into the sharks head at a place where the line betw

9、een his eyes crossed with the line that ran straight back from his nose. There were no such lines.T here was only the heavy sharp blue head and the big eyes and the powerful teeth. But that was the location of the brain and the old man hit it. He hit it with his wet, bloody hands driving a good spea

10、r with all his strength（此处是现在分词做状语，表示hit的伴随状态）. He hit it without hope but with determination and complete hatred（hatred n. 仇恨）.The shark turned over and the old man saw his eye was not alive and then he turned over once again, wrapping himself in the rope. The old man knew that he was dead but the

11、shark would not accept it. Then,on his back, with his tall still moving and his mouth opening and closing, (此处是with的复合结构，with后面跟宾语，然后继续跟宾语补足语，这种结构即为with的符合结构；后面的宾语补足语和谓语的宾语补足语一样，注意逻辑关系，可以参考make后面跟宾语补足语的用法。) the shark swam over the water as fast as a speedboat.The water was white where his tall beat

12、it and three quarters of his body was clear above the water when the rope broke.The shark lay quietly for a little while on the surface and the old man watched him.Then he went down very slowly. “He took about forty pounds,” the old man said aloud. He took my spear too and all the rope, he thought,

13、and now my fish bleeds again and there will be others. He did not like to look at the fish any longer since the shark had bitten it. When the shark had hit the fish, it was as though he himself were hit.（as if 引导表语从句，表示仿佛、好像的意思）But I killed the shark that hit my fish, he thought. And that was the bi

14、ggest shark that he had ever seen.And he had seen big ones in his lifetime. It was too good to last, he thought. I wish it had been a dream now and that I had never caught the fish.“But man is not made for defeat,” he said, “A man can be destroyed but not defeated.” I am sorry that I killed the fish

15、 though, he though. Now the bad time is coming and I do not even have the spear. The shark is terrible and able and strong and intelligent（intelligent adj. 智能的；聪明的；理解力强的）. But I was more intelligent than he was. Perhaps not, he thought. Perhaps I was only better armed.【参考翻译】老人与海老人与海是海明威最著名的作品之一。它讲述了

16、一个名叫桑提亚哥的老人出海捕鱼的故事。在故事的此时，他终于钓到了一条大鱼，而此前84天他一无所获。由于这条鱼太大，无法用小船载着，他就把它绑在船的一侧。然而，他知道在回家的路上他会面临很多危险，因为大鱼伤口流出的血会吸引鲨鱼。鱼很可能成为攻击的目标。这篇文章从一条大鲨鱼接近这条鱼的那一刻开始。那位老人能在鲨鱼袭击中幸存下来吗?他能打败嗜血的鲨鱼吗?阅读并找出答案。老人看着鲨鱼逼近，向那条大鱼看了一眼。我不能阻止它来打我，他想，但也许我能抓住它。鲨鱼紧紧地咬住了船，当它撞到鱼的时候，老人看见它的嘴张着，奇怪的眼睛和锋利的牙齿，就在鱼尾巴上方的肉上冲过去。当老人把鱼叉扔向鲨鱼的头部时，他能听到大鱼

17、的皮和肉被撕扯的声音，在鲨鱼两眼之间的线和鼻子后面的线相交的地方。没有这样的界线。只有那沉重而尖锐的蓝色脑袋、大眼睛和有力的牙齿。但那是大脑的位置，老人击中了它。他用他那湿漉漉、血淋淋的手，使出全身的力气，举着一支锐利的长矛朝它刺去。他毫无希望，但带着决心和彻底的仇恨击中了它。鲨鱼翻了个身，老人看到它的眼睛已经不转了，然后它又翻了个身，把自己裹在绳子里。老人知道他已经死了，但鲨鱼不肯接受。然后，鲨鱼仰面朝天，张着嘴，嘴巴还在动，像快艇一样飞快地游过水面。当绳子断了的时候，他身体的四分之三露出了水面。鲨鱼静静地在水面上躺了一会儿，老人注视着它。然后他慢慢地往下走。“它吃掉了大约四十磅肉，”老人大

18、声说。他还把我的矛和绳子都拿走了，他想，现在我的鱼又在流血了，肯定还有别的鱼。自从那条鱼被鲨鱼咬了以后，他再也不愿意看它一眼了。当鲨鱼击中鱼的时候，就好像鲨鱼自己也被击中了一样。但我杀死了那条袭击我的鱼的鲨鱼，他想。那是他见过的最大的鲨鱼。他一生中也见过大的。太好了，不可能长久，他想。我真希望这是一场梦，但愿我从来没有钓到那条鱼。“但人不是为失败而生的，”他说，“一个人可以被毁灭，但不能被打败。”“我很抱歉杀死了这条鱼，”他说。现在糟糕的时候到了，而我连矛都没有。鲨鱼很可怕，能干，强壮，聪明。但我比他更聪明。也许我没有,他想。也许我只是武装得更好。Comprehension work1.Rea

19、d the passage and answer the questions.(1)How did the shark attack the big fish?Describe how you imagine the scene in terms of action,colour,and sound. (2)How did the old man fight the shark?Describe how you imagine the scene in terms of action,colour,and sound.What did the old than think and feel w

20、hen it happened? (3)How did the shark struggle before he died?Describe how you imagine the scene in terrible of action,colour,and sound. (4)How did the old man feel when his fish was attacked by the shark? (5)How did the old man feel after he killed the shark?What did he mean by “I wish it had bette

21、r a dream now and that I had never caught the fish”? (6)What do you think the old man meant by “A man can be destroyed but not defeated?” 2.Read the summary below and fill in each blank with a suitable word based on the language of the passage.You may change the form if necessary.The passage from Th

22、e Old Man and the Sea is an exciting story about how an old man a shark.At the beginning of the passage,the old man was trying to bring back home his huge fishhis first after 84 days of catching . by the fishs blood,a huge shark appeared and began to the big fish tied to the side of the little boat.

23、The old man took his spear and it deep into the sharks head.After that hit,the shark struggled hard to get away, itself in the rope on the spear,and then jumped out of water with over three of its body over the white waves.It was finally killed,sinking into the sea with the old mans spear and the br

24、oken rope.The old man was very tired after the and became a little worried about the journey ahead:he had lost his only spear,and the fish was again.He was certain that there would be more sharks to come.However,he was trying to tell himself that a man could be but never be defeated.With this in min

25、d,he was ready to face more challenges.Deep reading1.Read the passage again.Study sentences (1)-(4).They are simple in language but rich in meaning.Discuss the questions in pairs and complete the table.You may use the example below to help you.He hit it without hope but with determination and comple

26、te hatred.Guiding question:What did the writer mean by “without hope but with determination and complete hatred”?You may ask and respond like this:A:What do you think these simple phrases mean?B:Which phrases?A:“Without hope”, and “with determination and complete hatred”.B:To me, “without hope” show

27、s the old man was not confident that he would win against the shark.A:I agree.What about “but with determination and complete hatred”?B:Those tell us he continued fighting anyway because he hated the shark so much!Sentences in the passageMy interpretations(1)The old man knew that he was dead but the

28、 shark would not accept it.Guiding questions:What does “it” refer to?Why does Hemingway use “would” when he talks about the shark?(2). my fish bleeds again and there will be others.Guiding question:What is the relationship between “my fish bleeds again” and “there will be others”?(3)But man is not m

29、ade for defeat.Guiding questions:What does it say about the old mans attitude towards life?What does it say about humanity in general?(4)But I was more intelligent than he was,Perhaps not,he thought,Perhaps I was only better armed.Guiding questions:What did the old man mean by “perhaps not”?Do you a

30、gree that he won only because he was better armed?2.Work in pairs and discuss the question.What will happen to the old man during the rest of his journey home?Add an ending to it and explain the reasons. Mini-projectHaving a class discussion about challenges in life and how to deal with themImagine

31、that your teacher is organizing a class discussion.The topic is “Deal with challenges in life”.Discuss the questions in groups. Have you ever found yourself in a difficult situation? How did you deal with it? How did you feel about it?Share ideas within your group.Select one person to report on beha

32、lf of your group.My experienceWhen I learnt to ride a bicycle,I had a problem.I didnt know how to maintain my balance.I thought it was easy as long as I could hold it straight.But when I practised,it seemed too difficult to control.It required all of my strength to keep it moving,but soon I fell off

33、 my bike.I failed,but it was hard to accept it.Later on,I carefully watched how my father kept his balance with his feet and hands.With more practice,I was finally able to ride a bicycle.I felt quite proud of myself.My experienceFocus on language1.Some nouns and adjectives have the same root:when yo

34、u know one form,you can recognize the other easily.Study the words below,read the passage again and find the other forms of them in the passage.(1)hopeful (2)strong (3)ability (4)blood (5)arm (6)hateful (7)intelligence (8)determine 2.Many words in English can be used either as a verb or as a noun.Lo

35、ok up the words below in a dictionary.Write down their meanings in Chinese as a noun and as a verb in the table.Then use the correct form of the words to complete the sentences.n.获得v.获得targetapproachattackdefeatstrugglewoundbeatbite(1)Dont aim at successthe more you aim at it and make it a ,the more

36、 you are going to miss it.(2)Flowers never smell so sweet and strong as before a storm.So when storms you,be as sweet and strong as a flower.(3)The life of a successful businessman is similar to other peoples lives.Some days are amazing,Some days are .Its the same for all of us.(4)Take it easy.Snake

37、s will only if they feel threatened.(5)Do you agree with the famous saying, “If you cant them,join them”?(6)Laughter heals all ,No matter what youre going through,it makes you forget about your problems.(7)A man is not finished when he is .He is finished when he quits.(8)My father taught us the famo

38、us saying, “You should not the hand that feeds you.”B.Grammar activityThe to-infinitive as the adverbialTo talk about a purpose or a result,we can use a to-infinitive.(1)He ran to catch the train.(2)He arrived at the airport in a hurry,only to find that the flight was cancelled.Grammar reference 4 (

39、p.90)1.Read the passage.Match to-infinitives 1-7 to grammar rules a and b.Then complete rules.In 2004,Yuan Longping received the World Food Prize.Thanks to his work,Chinas rice production has increased dramatically.How did he do it?Yuan Longping was born in 1930 in Hubei.As a child,he was very inter

40、ested in plants and other living things.He grew up 1to be a curious and hard-working plant scientist.Yuan wanted to solve the problem of food shortages,so he began conducting experiments 2to improve rice yields per hectare (10,000m2).Plants come in many different varieties:for example,some types of

41、rice have long grains,while others have short grains.For centuries,people have been crossing different plant varieties 3to create hybrids.Such plants proved to have desirable qualities from both parents.Yuan believed that it was possible to do the same with rice.He tried different ways of creating r

42、ice hybrids.4only to discover that his attempts were unsuccessful.Even though it often seemed too difficult 5to complete this task,Yuan didnt give up.After many years of hard work,his experiments finally bore fruit.This was a major discovery since no one had previously been able to cross two differe

43、nt kinds of rice.It had a huge impact:the first hybrid rice variety increased Chinas nice production by 100 million tonnes in little over a decade.Yuan didnt stop thereinstead,he continued experimenting and created super hybrid rice with yields over 15 tonnes of rice per hectare.Thanks to Yuans work

44、,China became self-sufficient in rice.Our country continued to increase its rice yields 6to become one of the biggest food donors in the world.In 2019,he received the Medal of the Republic for his outstanding contributions.At the age of 90,Yuan Longping still hasnt retired.With a growing global popu

45、lation,the world needs to produce enough food 7to feed everyone,and Yuan is working to make this happen.a.The to-infinitive can be used to show the purpose of an action.b.The to-infinitive can also be used to show a result.c.If the result is negative,it is common to put the adverb immediately before

46、 the infinitive.2.Rewrite the numbered parts using to infinitives of purpose or result.3.Work in groups of four.Think about what your group members did today and guess why they did that.Write down three descriptions.Use the to-infinitive form to express a result or purpose in each of your descriptio

47、ns.You may use the example below and the expressions in brackets to help you.Li Ming took a taxi to school this morning to avoid being late.(1)(write . take notes)(2)(close the window . keep warm)(3)Now check with your group members to see whether your guesses are correct or not,and report to the cl

48、ass.You may make a request like this:Li Ming,please check if my description is correct.Li Ming opened his school backpack to check f his cell phone was turned off.You may respond like this:You cant say that I was just daydreaming.I didnt have any purpose when I opened my school backpackYou may repor

49、t like this:I read my sentences to three classmates.None of them are correct.That means all my writing was based on my fancy imagination.C.Listening and speaking1.Four speakers are talking about the greatest achievements in human history.Look at the list below and tick the things that you think migh

50、t be mentioned by the speakers.Then listen and check your answers.printingpaper-makingwritingspaceshipsthe moon landingplanesmedicinehamburgerspizzatelephonescomputersthe Internetfirefarminganimal-raising2.Listen again and judge whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F).(1)To land o

51、n the moon,the most difficult problem is to get a heavy spaceship out of the Earths atmosphere. (2)Thanks to writing,the mathematicians could take advantage of Archimedes work hundreds of years later. (3)Todays clever technologies have developed because of writing. (4)In the 18th century,50% of babi

52、es in England died before they were one year old from lack of food. (5)Computer technology has changed our world the most. 3.Listen again for details.Complete the table.SpeakerAchievements mentionedCommentsSpeaker A(1) To achieve this,people had to:(2) (3) (4) (5) The success proves that (6) Speaker

53、 B(7) With this achievement,we are able to:(8) (9) (10) Speaker C(11) Without this achievement,most of the people would probably (12) Speaker D(13) To invent it,people should:(14) (15) (16) 4.Play a game of “Guess Who”.Prepare clues in groups of four and have the class guess who you are describing.Y

54、ou may follow the steps below.Each member first thinks about someone who has achieved something important.Share ideas which your group.Decide on which person to present and prepare some statements as clues.Select one group member to share your clues with the class.Invite the class to guess who it is

55、.The group with the most correct guesses wins.Areas of achievementsMy comments/descriptionsSportsLiteratureScienceBusinessEducationMy communityLanguage guideYou may talk about the most successful person in your mind like this:The most successful person,for me,is/has to be .In my view/opinion .It pro

56、ves that .The reason is .I say that because .Take . as an example, .Without . . would .Most difficult of all, .D.WritingStudents voicesNowadays more and more people stress the importance of sports.Some students suggest having one more PE class every day.Write an essay to your school newspaper and ex

57、press your opinions on the topic “Should students have one more PE class every day?”1.Before you write,brainstorm some ideas and write them down.Think about the questions below.(1)Are they closely connected with the topic? (2)Are they the most interesting ideas? (3)Are there strong arguments and exa

58、mples to support these ideas? 2.Read the sample essay on the topic “The most important thing isnt winning a competition.Its taking part.” Which conclusion from A-C best summarizes the writers arguments?Why?Then complete the table on page 71 before you write.“The most important thing isnt winning a c

59、ompetition.Its taking part.” Do you agree?by Liu TiantianIn every competition,there are winners and losers.Some people think that anything except first place is a failure.Others believe that we should celebrate everyones achievements equally.Which is more important,winning or taking part?In my view,

60、winning isnt the only way to be successful.Of course,you should always try to do your best,but you must be realistic.For instance,If you arent very fit and have never taken part in a race before,then you probably wont win this time.You cant win every race,but you can always aim to be better than las

61、t time.If you arrived in 20th place last year,then finishing in fifth place this year is a great result.In addition,not everyone wants to be the winner.People have different reasons for entering a competition.For example,in a big marathon race there are often professional athletes at the front and o

62、rdinary people at the back.The professional athletes goal is to win,but for many ordinary people just finishing a marathon is a huge achievement.On the other hand,It would be wrong if we didnt praise the winners achievement more than everyone elses.Winning an important competition such as the Olympi

63、c Games often takes years of determination and hard work.However,there can only be one winner and the other people who take part in the competition are just as important to its success.A.To conclude,it is clear that taking part and winning are equally important.If you dont take part in a competition

64、,you can never win.BIn summary,I think that winning is not important,Healthy fun in a competition is the only thing that matters.CTo sum up,I believe that people should be praised for winning a competition,but taking part and do your best are more important.Aspects of writingGuiding questionsMy expl

65、orationContentHow does the writer introduce the topic in the opening paragraph?What are the arguments?What examples does the writer use to support her opinion?LanguageWhat language structures does the writer use to introduce the topic at the beginning of the essay?What phrases does the writer use to

66、 introduce examples?What phrases can be used to signal a conclusion?EditingWhere does the writer put her name?How does the writer use punctuation marks to show possessives?3.Now write your own opinion essay.E.Cultural focusIts not easy to attain success.In order to be successful and achieve importan

67、t things,we need to hold firm to our beliefs and never give up.In this section,you will first read a passage about people who accomplished great things despite enormous difficulties at the beginning.You will then watch a video about three table tennis champions who are working hard to reach the top.

68、1.Work in pairs.Discuss the questions.(1)Who do you think has had a big impact on our country? (2)Was it surprising that they were able to achieve what they did?Why or why not? 2.Read the passage on pages 73 and find the key information in the success stories.Then complete the table.A false startA s

69、uccessful endAlbert Einstein:He started speaking at 4.He couldnt read until 7.He had learning difficulties.He was expelled from school.He is one of the most important physicists of the 20th century.He received a Nobel Prize in 1921.A false startMany who have achieved success started out as failures.

70、Below are three of the most famous.A late developer with a curious mindAlbert Einstein is perhaps one of the most intelligent men that have ever lived.However,people thought differently in the past.Einstein didnt start speaking until he was four years old and he couldnt read until he was seven.His t

71、eachers said he had learning difficulties and eventually he was expelled from school.Einstein went on to become one of the most important physicists of the 20th century and received a Nobel Prize in 1921.He never knew successOne of the unluckiest artists in the world is the Dutch painter Vincent van

72、 Gogh.Only one person bought a painting from him during his life,and that person was a friend who paid very little money for it.However,the painter continued with his work and complete over eight hundred pictures before he died.Today,you can see his beautiful paintings in the most famous art museums

73、 in the world and they sell for a huge amount of money.Hard work countsHua Luogeng(1910-1985) was one of the greatest mathematicians in China,but he didnt get an easy start:his family didnt have much money,so he couldnt afford to complete his education.However,Hua did received the support of a dedic

74、ated teacher while he was at school.He loved maths and studied so hard that he managed to win a national abacus competition.Then something terrible happened:because of a serious illness,his left leg became permanently paralysed.Despite this terrible setback,Hua continued to study on his own and deve

75、lop his talents.When Hua discovered a mistake in an important maths paper,he was invited to work at Tsinghua University,and the rest is history.3.Read the passage again and choose the correct answers.(1)The title of the passage “A false start” refers to a person that .a.is second time luckyb.never k

76、nows successc.has a curious mind but is a late developerd.finds success after falling(2)The stories of Einstein and Vincent van Gogh tell us that .a.people achieve great things even if others do not believe they canb.great minds usually have learning difficulties when they were youngc.scientists and

77、 artists are very much aliked.if one wants to be successful,one must learn how to overcome ones own shortcomings(3)Which sentence can best summarize Hua Luogengs story?a.If you dont start well,dont give up.b.A grateful heart is a beginning of greatness.c.Giving back involves a certain amount of givi

78、ng up.d.It is not enough to have a good mind;the man thing is to use it well.4.Discuss the questions in groups.How do you understand “success” in these stories?What are the important factors needed to achieve it? Video (Top spin)Start thinking1.Answer the questions.(1)Do you think table tennis is a

79、lonely sport?Why or why not?(2)What do you think it takes to become a top table tennis player?Comprehension check2.Watch the video.Correct the factual errors in the sentences.(1)It is really fun to watch Michael play table tennis even though his style is very ordinary. (2)Ariels father has quit his

80、job in order to take car of his family. (3)Lilys friends thought it was quite common to play table tennis. (4)Since she is often away from school,Lily gets worse grades then her friend Emily. (5)Michael only does his table tennis practice in his home country. (6)Michael plays table tennis so well th

81、at he can compete with the best Chinese players. Vocabulary3.Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words or phrases below.coachcompareimpresspractisekeep improvinggive up(1)The whole family have to make sacrifices so that Ariel can playing table tennis.(2)Ariels dad his daughter full t

82、ime.(3) to the top Chinese players,they still have a long way to go.(4)The ideas of never enters the minds of these young table tennis players.(5)If they want to be able to win a medal at the Olympic Games,they must their skills.(6)Lily all her friends with her dedication to table tennis.Extension4.

83、Work in groups of four.You are going to role-play an interview with the three table tennis players.The interview should include the following parts:basic personal information,playing styles,experiences or challenges,and what other people have said about them.(1)In your group,decide on the ideas each

84、 member takes,Lily,Ariel,Michael and an interviewer.(2)Work together to write as many questions as possible based on the video and prepare the best answers to the questions.(3)Start your interviews.The interviewer should open and close each interview in a suitable way.(4)Present your interviews in c

85、lass.(5)When all interviews are done,the whole class should vote on the best interview and explain why.Self-assessmentUse the checklist and reflective question below to evaluate your study in this unit.Reflective questionsHow did the excerpt from Hemingways The Old Man and the Sea enable you to discover how English is used to achieve the communicative effect?