Unit 6 Topic 1 知识清单2019-2020学年八年级下册英语期末知识清单及训练(仁爱版).docx

1、Unit 6 Topic1知识清单一、词汇1.fieldfildn.原野,田地,牧场,运动场adj.田间的,野生的2.properprpadj.适当的,正确的,特有的,有礼貌的,正当的3.mountmantn.乘用马,山,装配v.乘马,爬上,增长4.vehiclevik()ln.交通工具,车辆,媒介物,传达手段5.airlineelann.定期航线6.priceprasn.价格,价钱,代价vt.标明价格7.totaltt()ln.总数,合计adj.总的,全部的v.合计8.partnerptnn.合伙人,股东,伴侣v.与.合伙,组成一对9.sleepern.睡眠, (火车等的)卧铺,枕木,冬眠动

2、物10.paypedn.薪水,工资v.支付,交纳11.hotelhteln.旅馆,客栈12.fridgefrdn.冰箱13.air conditioner空调设备14.standardstnddn.旗,标准,规格adj.标准的,权威,第一流的15.singlesgladj.单一的,孤独的n.一个,单打vt.选出16.conditionknd()nn.条件,环境,社会地位vt.以.为条件fortablekmftbladj.舒适的18.raiserezn.上升,高地,提出vt.升起,唤起,提高19.kingkn.国王,君主vt.立.为王vi.做国王,统治20.queenkwinn.王后,女王mon

3、kmnadj.共同的,公共的n.复总平民,公有,普通22.Canadianknednadj.加拿大的n.加拿大人23.dollardln.元,美元24.somebodysmbdin.重要人物,有名气的人pron.有人,某人25.forwardfwdadj.迅速的,前进的vt.促进,运送adv.向前地26.hear from v.接到.的信,受.批评27.toptpn.顶部,顶端,极点adj.最高的,头等的vt.盖,戴二、重点词组1.spring field trip 春游2.go on a three-day visit to Mount Tai去泰山参观三天3.make a decision

4、做个决定4.cycle there 骑车去那儿5.choose proper vehicles 选择合适的交通工具6.find out the information 查出信息7.the cost for the train火车的费用8.ask the airline over the phone在电话里咨询航空公司9.decide on the best way to travel决定旅行的最佳方式10.book a train ticket to Mount Tai 订一张去泰山的火车票11.How much does it cost to get to Mount Tai by plan

5、e?坐飞机去泰山要花费多少钱12.How long does it take to get there?到那儿要花费多少时间？13.a ticket at 145 for the hard sleeper一张票价为145元的硬座票14.pay for the tickets为这些票买单15.a room with air conditioner一个有空调的房间16.a standard room with two single beds=a standard room for two people一间双人间17.a room without a bathroom一个没有浴室的房间18.the

6、conditions here这儿的条件19.see the mountains from the windows从窗外看到山20.make you feel comfortable 使你感到舒适21.Its common to raise money in Canadian schools.在加拿大学校筹钱是普遍的22.a special way to raise money.一种筹钱的特殊方式23.It costs each student one dollar to buy a ticket.=Each student spends one dollar buying a ticket.

7、=Each student pays one dollar for a ticket.花费每个学生一元买一张票24.花费钱可以用spend,cost,和pay花费时间可以用spend和take25.greet sb.问候某人26.call home打电话回家27.order a special lunch定一顿特别的午餐28.serve to sb.把端给某人29.be different from与不同30.advise sb. to do建议某人做某事31.put on a show表演一部剧32.look forward to hearing from you期待收到你的来信33.sel

8、l newspapers卖报纸34.on the third day of our trip在我们旅行的第三天35.land safely安全着陆36.on the top of the mountain在山顶上37.an interesting place to visit一个参观的有趣的地方38.pleasant weather令人愉悦的天气39.the next day第二天40.useto do /for doing使用做某事41.a seven-day holiday三天的假期42.go on a visit to sp.去某地参观43.decide (not) to do sth.

9、 决定（不）做某事；decide on sth.决定某事；make a decision 做一个决定44.the best way to do sth.做某事最好的方式45.over the phone 通过电话46.book the train tickets预订火车票47.the hard/soft sleeper 硬/软卧48.raise money 筹集钱49.borrow(借入) sth. from sb.从某人那借某物lend(借出) sth. to sb.=lend sb. sth.把某物借给某人50.look forward to doing sth.期望做某事51.hear

10、from sb.=get a letter from sb=receive a letter from sb.收到某人的来信52.on the first day of在第一天53.on the top of 在顶部54.total cost 总花费55.spend/pay/take/cost的用法：Sb. spend some time/money (in) doing sth./ on sth.Sb. pay some money for sth.It takes sb. some time/money to do sth.Sth. cost sb. some money56.intere

11、sting places= places of interest名胜古迹57.set/start out/off 出发58.be in trouble 有麻烦，处于困境三、词形转换fort v.安慰，抚慰n.安慰舒服comfortable adj.舒服的，安逸的2.Canada n.加拿大Canadian adj.加拿大的，加拿大人的n.加拿大人3.proper adj.正确的，恰当的properly adv.适当地。正确地4.difficult adj.困难的difficulty n.U困难n.C各种困难四、重点句型1.I have some exciting news to tell yo

12、u.我有一些激动人心的消息要告诉你们。2.It will take us a few days to get there by bike.骑自行车去那会花费我们几天时间。3.I d like to book some tickets to Mount Tai.我想预定一些四月十三日去泰山的票。4.Why dont we put on a show to raise money .我们为什么不能办个展览来筹钱呢？5.Were going on a three-day visit to Mount Tai.我们将去泰山游玩三天。6.How much does a standard room cos

13、t?一间标准间花费多少钱？7.When are you going to start out?你什么时候出发？8.How long does it take to take a train to Mount Tai?乘火车到泰山花费多长时间？9.When do you want them？你们什么时候需要他们?10.Im looking forward to hearing from you.我盼望收到你的来信。11.May I have your name and telephone number, please?我可以知道你的名字和电话号码吗？五、知识点拓展1. I have some e

14、xciting news to tell you. 我有一些激动人心的消息要告诉你们。to tell you 是动词不定式短语作定语。动词不定式作定语时常放在被修饰的名词或代词之后。如：I have nothing to talk about. He has a lot of work to do.2. Sounds great!= It sounds great! 听起来不错。3. We will go on a two-day visit to Mount Tai.我们将要去泰山玩两天。go on a visit to 去参观/旅游。如：They went to a visit to Eg

15、ypt last year.类似有：go on a trip / go on a picnica two-day visit 为期两天的旅行a two-month holiday两个月的假期an eighteen-year-old boy一个18岁的男孩4Its hard to say.这很难说。to say 是动词不定式作主语，It 是形式主语。如：Its nice to meet you.5. Ill ask the airline over the phone.我将打电话问问航空公司。over 在上over the phone= by phone6. Bring back your in

16、formation to class tomorrow and well decide on the best way to go on our field trip. 明天把你们查到的信息带到班上来，然后我们来决定最好的郊游方式。bring back 带回。如：Please bring back your library books tomorrow.decide on/upon sth 决定，选定。如：Were trying to decide on a school.7.It too far to cycle there.【tooto太而不能】8.How long does it tak

17、e to get to Mount Tai by？乘去泰山要花多长时间？9How much does it cost to go there ?去那里要花多少钱？How much does a standard room cost ?一个标准间的价格是多少？10.We have tickets at 120 yuan for the hard sleeper and 180 yuan for the soft sleeper.我们的票价是硬卧120元，软卧是180元。at 意为“以”，一般用于表示价格，年龄，速度等词的前面，for 意为“供，适合于”。11. book tickets 预订票b

18、ook a room for sb/sth 为预订房间e.g. We want to book some rooms for 14th. 我们想预订一些14号的房间。12 pay for支付的费用pay for sb to do sth 付钱给某人做某事e.g. Her parents paid for her to go to America.她的父母支付她去美国的费用.13. look forward to doing sth 盼望/期待做某事。如：They are looking forward to solving the problem.to是介词，后接V-ing。六、重点语法【动词

19、不定式】1.动词不定式(1)基本构成形式是“ to + 动词原形”，如：to serve , to work to , to study(2)有时可以不带to ，叫做“不带to的动词不定式”，如：serve , work ,study(3)否定形式为 not to do 。动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，在句中不能单独做谓语2. 不定式的形式：a . 一般式：不定式的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生或发生在谓语动词动作之后，如：Im glad to meet you .b . 进行式：不定式的进行式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生，如：He pretended to be workin

20、g hard when mother came in .c . 完成式：不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前，如：She seems to have read the book before .3.用法：在句中可以做主语，宾语，表语，状语，和宾语补足语(1)做主语：a、把不定式置于句首。如：To get there by bike will take us half an hour.b、用it作形式主语，把真正的主语不定式置于句后，常用于下列句式中。如：Itbe名词to doIts our duty to take good care of the old.It takes sb +

21、 some time +to doHow long did it take you to finish the work?Itbe形容词for sbto do 逻辑主语It is difficult for us to finish writing the composition a quarter of an hour.Itbe形容词of sbto do“It is stupid of you to write down everything”， the teacher says.注意：在中，常用表示客观情况的形容词，如：difficult, easy, hard, important, i

22、mpossible, necessary 等；在中，常用careless, clever, good, foolish, honest, kind, lazy, nice, right, silly, stupid, wise等 表示赞扬或批评的词，强调对人的评价。在不定式前的sb，可看作其逻辑主语。这一句式有时相当于Sb is形容词to do句式，如：Its kind of you to help me with my English.=You are kind to help me with my English.It seems(appears)形容词to doIt seemed imp

23、ossible to save money.c、带疑问词的不定式短语作主语How to solve the problem is hard for him.(2)做宾语：一般跟在谓语动词后面。begin, try, need, plan, forget, decide, agree, like 等后面常接动词不定式做宾语。(3)做表语：常用来表示预定要发生的动作，一般跟在be 动词之后eg: Your task is to find out the cost by bus(4)做定语：可以用来修饰人和物，放在被修饰词后面。eg: The best way to get there is by

24、bus.She wants a big house to live in.(5)做状语：多表目的，结果，原因eg: They organized a show to raise money.(目的状语)Im very pleased to hear the good news.(原因状语)He returned home to find his wife waiting for him.(结果状语)(6)做宾语补足语：“动词+宾语+ to do”动词ask, tell, invite, allow, wish等后面多接不定式做宾语补足语，其中make, let, have等使役动词和see,

25、watch, notice, feel, hear等感官动词后面接不带to 的不定式做宾语补足语eg：I hear him sing in the next room.He asked me to help him.(7)动词不定式可与疑问词how, what, which, where, when等连用eg: I dont know what to do.【时间状语从句】时间状语从句引导词有when, while, as , as soon as , after, before, till，untilwhen, while ，as引导的时间状语从句：when通常指时间点，有时也可指一段时间，

26、表示主句和从句的动作或状态同时发生，谓语动词可用瞬时动词或持续性动词；while只表示一段时间，因此while 引导的从句的谓语动词要用持续性动词，强调主句和从句的动作同时发生。当when引导的从句指一段时间时，when和while可以互换。as 引导的时间状语从句往往可以与when，while互换，它通常表示动作发生的过程而不是状态，着重主句和从句的动作同时发生，有“随着”或“一边一边”之意eg: Id like you to meet him when he arrives.When/While/As we were dancing, a stranger came in.We alway

27、s sing as we walk.before , after 引导的时间状语从句before引导时间状语从句，意为“在之前”，表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之前after引导时间状语从句，意为“在之后”，表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之后。as soon as 引导时间状语从句：表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作随即就发生eg：Ill tell him about it as soon as he comes back.until, till 引导的时间状语从句：意为“直到”，表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之前，当主句的谓语动词是持续性动词时，主句常用肯定形式，当主句的谓语动词是短暂性动词时

28、，主句常用否定形式，notuntil直到才eg: You may stay here till/until the rain stops.He didnt go to bed until he finished his homework.时间状语从句的时态：主将从现，主过从过，主现从句可用任意时态词、词组的用法：be busy doing sth.:忙于做某事she is busy doing her homework.be busy with sth. ：忙于she is busy with her homeworkacross:介词“穿过”，表示动作是在某一物体表面进行walk acros

29、s the streetthrough：介词“穿过”，表示动作是在某空间内进行go through the forestin +the +方位词+of：用于在某一范围内的地区Taiwan is in the southeast part of ChinaTaiwan is in the southeast of china.台湾在中国的东南部（在内部）on+the +方位词+of: 用于相互接壤且互不管辖的两个地区Heilongjiang is on the north of Jilin.Taiwan is to the east of Fujian. 台湾在福建的东部。（不接壤）to +the +方位词+of：用于互不接壤且互不管辖的两个地区Japan is to the east of China.Henan is on the nouth of Hubei.河南在湖北的北部。（接壤）