unit3 how do you get to school- 2022-2023学年七年级英语下册同步必背知识清单（人教版）.docx

1、Unit 3 How do you get to school？七年级英语下册必备知识清单一、词汇知识清单I、课标词汇注意英译汉train tren n.火车bus bs n.公交车subway sbwe n.地铁take the subway乘地铁ride rad v.骑n.旅程bike bak n.自行车ride a bike骑自行车sixty skst num.六十seventy sev()nt num.七十eighty et num.八十ninety nant num.九十hundred hndrd num.一百minute mnt n.分钟far f(r) adv.&adj.远；远的

2、kilometer kl,mit(=kilometre) (abbr.km) n.公里new nju adj.新的；刚出现的every evr adj.每一；每个every day每天by ba prep.（表示方式）乘（交通工具）by bike 骑自行车drive drav v.开车car kr n.小汽车；轿车live lv v.居住；生活stop stp n.车站；停止think of 认为cross krs v.横过；越过river rv n河，江many men adj.&pron.许多village vld n.村庄，村镇between btwin prep.介于之间between

3、 and 在和之间bridge brd n.桥boat bt n.小船ropeway rop,we n.索道year j n.年；岁 afraid fred adj.害怕；畏惧like lak prep.像；怎么样villager vldr n.村民leave li v v.离开dream drim n.梦想；睡梦; v.做梦true tru adj.真的；符合实际的come true实现；成为现实II、语法词汇知其变注意词性变化1. bus bs n.公交车-pl.buses2. ride rad v.骑n.旅程-ing形式riding-n.rider骑手；附文；扶手3. new nju a

4、dj.新的；刚出现的-n.news新闻4. every day每天-adj.everyday日常的，每天的-adv. everyday天天，每天5. drive drav v.开车-ing形式driving-n.driver司机，驾驶员6. live lv v.居住；生活-ing形式living-adj.lively活泼的；真实的-adj.living活的，逼真的7. stop stp n.车站；停止-ing形式stopping8. cross krs v.横过；越过-ing形式crossing-adv.across从一边到另一边；在对面-prep.across从一边到另一边；横过，穿过9.

5、village vld n.村庄，村镇-n.villager村民10. leave li v v.离开-ing形式leaving-过去式-left11. dream drim n.梦想；睡梦; v.做梦-ing形式dreaming-n.dreamer梦想家，做梦的人，不切实际的人12. true tru adj.真的；符合实际的-adv.truly真实地，真诚地，准确地III、重点短语知搭配注意固定短语的英汉互译take the train /bus/boat 乘火车/公共汽车/船How do you get to? 你怎样到达by bike 骑自行车how long 多久，多长how far

6、 多远How long odes it take sb. to do? 做花某人多长时间？How far is it from to ? 离有多远？Im not sure. 我不能确信。have a good day at school 上课快乐you, too. 你也是。the bus ride 乘公共汽车walk to school 走路上学drive ones car to do 开某人的车去做from here 从这儿think of 认为How far does he /she live from? 他/她住在离有多远？What does he/she think of? 他/她觉得

7、如何？betweenand 在.和之间come true 实现，成为现实by bus /train 乘公交车/火车it is adj. to do 做怎么样run too quickly for 对来说流得太急cross the river 通过河one (an)11-year-old boy 一个11岁的男孩be not afraid 不害怕love to do 喜欢做play with 和玩耍be liketo sb. 像一样对It is ones dream to do 做是某人的梦想like this 像这样have to do 不得不做on a ropeway 坐索道thanks f

8、or 因感谢你get there 到达那儿IV、核心单词知用法注意固定短语、句型和词块Section A1. How do you get to school？ 你怎么去学校的呢？(P. 13)(1) how作疑问副词，意为“如何，怎样”，表示用什么手段，在本单元主要用于询问交通工具。例如：How do your parents go to work?How does your brother go to the museum?How does Mike get to the school?How do they go home?(2) get作不及物动词，意为“到达”，常与to连用，表示目的

9、地的词是副词here、there、home等时，不需用介词to。【拓展】注意区分get和 reach，arrive的用法reach 作及物动词，其后直接接宾语 arrive 作不及物动词，“arrive in+大地点；arrive at +小地点”例如：They finally get to/reach/arrive in Tianjin in the morning.My aunt gives me a call as soon as she gets to/reaches/arrives at bus station.The monkey gets to/reaches/arrives a

10、t the zoo.The party is so boring, I want to go home.Please come here and join us.I dont want to go there. Its scary.2. How far is it from your home to school? 从你家到学校有多远? (P. 14)How far作疑问副词，意为“多远，多少距离”。常用疑问句结构“How is it from A to B?=How far is B from A? 从A到B有多远？”答语：(1) Itsmeters/miles/kilometers(awa

11、y) from.有米/英里/千米（远）(2) Its about ten minutes walk/ ride. 大约有十分钟步行/骑车的路程。(3) Its far/near.离得远/近。例如：How far is your school from your home?Its five kilometers away from my school to my home./ Its about ten minutes ride./Its near.How far is it from Chongqing to Beijing?Its about 1800 kilometers./ Its ab

12、out half past three hours flight./Its far.【拓展】A be far from B：A离B远；A be 具体路程+away from B：A到B有A +be +路程距离from +B From A to B：A离B有例如：My school is far from my home.My school is 10 kilometers away from my home. Its 10 kilometers (away) from my school to my home. My school（A） is 10 kilometers from my hom

13、e（B）. 3. Im not sureabout 10 kilometers? 我不确定，大概10公里吧。(P. 14)about作介词，可译作“大约，左右=around；将近，几乎；到处，处处，各处；在某地，附近，周围”例如：They waited (for) about/around an hour.Im just about readyThe children were rushing about in the garden.There was nobody about.4. How long does it take you to get to school? 你到学校要花多长时间?

14、 (P. 14)(1)how long作疑问副词，意为“多久”，用于提问时间。例如：How long does it take you to get to school?Just 10 minutes ride.How long have you been in America?For two years. (2)take作动词，意为“携带；拿走；取走；花费”【拓展】辨析take, spend, cost, pay花费主语宾语结构takeit时间It takes sb some time to do sth. 做某事花费某人多长时间spend人时间/金钱Sb. spend some time/

15、money on sth 某人在某事或某物上花费时间/钱Sb. spend some time/ money (in)doing sth 某人花时间/金钱做某事cost物金钱Sth. cost sb some money某物花费某人多少钱pay人金钱Sb. pay some money for sth.某人为某物付款/花费多少钱例如：It took him seven days to make the big cake.It takes me half an hour to do my homework.It takes us 40 minutes to get to the new city

16、.He spent seven days making the big cake.He spent seven days on the big cake.I spend 20 yuan buying this book.I spend 20 yuan on this book.The skirt costs her 200 yuan.He paid 1000 yuan for the TV set.5. Find someone who lives about five kilometers from school. 找一个住在离学校大约5公里的人。(P. 15)live作不及物动词，意为“居

17、住，生活”。常用短语： (1)live on sth. 以某物为食 (2) live a .life 过.生活 例如：The sheep live on the green grass.we live on milk when we are the baby.The poor live a difficult life because of the bad weather.The children live a happy life with hope.【拓展】lively作形容词，意为“活泼的；真实的”；living作形容词，意为“活的，逼真的”。例如：The old woman likes

18、 all of the lively kids.The boy looks at the living fish in the picture.Section B1. bus stop公交车站，巴士站（小站点）bus station 公交车站（主要指公共交通枢纽站）(P. 16)例如：at the bus stop/stationI will wait for you at the bus stop.Lets meet at the bus station.2. Mary wants to know what he thinks of the trip. 玛丽想知道他对这次旅行有什么看法。(P

19、. 16)(1)what he thinks of the trip作动词know的宾语，为宾语从句。(2)What do you think of/about .? =How do you like.? 你认为.怎么样？ 询问某人看法的句型例如：What do you think of/about the book?= How do you like the book?What does Mary think of/about the English story?= How does Mary like the English story?What do your grandparents

20、think of/about the picture?= How do your grandparents like the picture?What do you think of going shopping?= How do you think of going shopping?3. Crossing the river to school. 过河去上学。(P. 17)cross作动词，意为“穿过，横穿、交叉”。亦作名词，意为“十字标记，十字形（或叉形）物”，复数形式为crosses。例如：He crossed the Yellow River yesterday The two st

21、reets cross in the center of the cityMr. Li marked the paper with a cross【拓展】crossing 作名词，意为“人行横道，渡口；交叉口，十字路口” across作介词，意为“穿过”，cross=go acrossacross与through都译为穿过, 但across指从物体表面上过去，而through指物体内部空间穿过例如：You can turn left at the second crossing We should pay attention to the traffic lights at the cross

22、ing.Go across the bridge, then you can see the library.She crossed the river yesterday.She swam across the river yesterdayThe travelers walk through the forest.4. For many students, it is easy to get to school. 对许多学生来说，上学很容易。(P. 17)(1)for作介词，意为“对；为了；因为，由于”，后跟“+n./pron./v.ing”作宾语。例如：Thanks for your w

23、riting me back.We didnt go to the park for the rain yesterday.Its important for most people to live a healthy life.There is no need for me to get up early tomorrow.For your study, you should study harder.We should save water for protecting our earth.(2)it is easy to get to school.句中it作形式主语，真正的主语为“to

24、 get to school”。其结构为“its adj. for sb. to do sth.”意为“对某人来说做某事是。”例如：Its easy for us to do the task.Its relaxing for children to watch TV on weekends.Its important for our students to study hard.Its helpful for Jack to follow the teachers advice.Its interesting for me to read science books.Its useful t

25、o listen to English radio.5. There is no bridge and the river runs too quickly for boats. 这里没有桥，河水湍急，不能划船。(P. 17)no作形容词来修饰名词，修饰单数可数名词时，结构“no+单数可数名词=not a/an+单数可数名词”；修饰复数可数名词或不可数名词时，结构“no+复数可数名词或不可数名词=not any+复数可数名词或不可数名词”例如：There is no bridge.=There is not a bridge.There is no student in the classro

26、om.= There isnt a student in the classroom.The man walks for 2 days but he eats no food.= The man walks for 2 days but he doesnt eat any food.I have no problems.=I dont have any problems.6. One 11-year-old boy, Liangliang, crossing the river every school day. 11岁的男孩亮亮每天都要过河。(P. 17)11-year-old作复合形容词，

27、用作定语，修饰名词boy。结构为“数词+名词（+形容词）”构成复合形容词，其中的名词只能用单数形式。例如：He is an 8 -year-old boy.There is a 7-day trip from Lijiang to Xishuangbanna.We will have a 2-hour meeting.Tom has a three-mile walk with his grandpa.He is helping the coach ready for the five-year plan of our team. 7. But he is not afraid. 但他并不害怕

28、。(P. 17)afraid作形容词，意为“害怕；畏惧”。常用结构：“be afraid to do害怕做某事”，是主观上的原因不去做，怕；“be afraid of doing 唯恐做某事”，担心做某事会引起某种后果；“be afraid of sth.害怕某物/某事”；“be afraid that + clause恐怕”。例如：She was afraid to wake her husband.她不敢去叫醒她丈夫。She was afraid of waking her husband.她生怕吵醒她丈夫。The worker is afraid to talk with his bos

29、s.The worker is afraid of making any mistakes.Most of girls are afraid of snakes.We are not afraid of our teacher because she is patient with us.Im afraid that I cant go to Paris with you.8. Many of the students and villagers never leave the village. 许多学生和村民从未离开过村子。(P. 17)leave作动词，既可作及物动词，又可作不及物动词，常

30、见用法如下：(1)leave sp./sb./sth.离开某地/某人/某物(2)leave for sp.前往某地，动身去某地(3)听任,使处于某种状态 (4) leave+sth.+介词sp.把某物遗忘在某地(5)辞去(工作等);脱离(组织等) 例如：Dont forget to close the door when you leave home.My lovely dog left me when I was 6 years old.Mr. Lee decides to leave for London for business.We have to leave for school n

31、ow.Please leave the windows open.I feel sad now, so just leave me alone.Mr. Smith, I am so sorry that I leave my homework at home.The man leaves his keys in the car.Mary left school last year and she is working in a shop now.9. It is their dream to have a bridge. 拥有一座桥是他们的梦想。(P. 17)(1)dream作动词，意为“做梦

32、”，常用搭配为“dream of/about+n./pron./v.ing梦想，梦见”；作可数名词，意为“梦想；睡梦”。例如：I had a beautiful dream last night.We have a dream that we can fly in the sky.All people dream of the peace of the world.Woman all like diamond, because it means forever.Sam dreams of becoming a scientist.These young men all dream of tra

33、veling all over the world.Everyone dreams of her, because she is so wonderful.(2)句子“Its their dream to have a bridge.”中“it”为形式主语，真正的主语为“to have a bridge”。10. Can their dream come true? 他们的梦想能实现吗? (P. 17)不及物动词短语come true 意为“实现，成为现实”，后面不能直接跟宾语，常用“dream come true梦想实现”。例如：China dream can come true one d

34、ay.Hope my wishes come true.Its time that our dreams come true.【拓展】realize和achieve作及物动词，后直接跟宾语。例如：We can realize/achieve our China dream one day.Hope that I realize/achieve my wishes.Its time for us to realize/achieve our dreams.11. They have to cross a very big river between their school and the vi

35、llage. 在学校和村庄之间，他们必须穿过一条非常大的河。 (P. 17)(1)have to意为“不得不，被迫”，后加动词原形，侧重客观的需要，有多种时态形式（一般现在时：have/has to+动原，一般过去时：had to+动原）；否定式为“dont/doesnt have to(neednt)不必，没必要”。例如：I have to go home to take care of my baby sister.He has to finish this job this week.Do I have to hand in my paper right now?yes, you hav

36、e to./No, you dont have to./No, you neednt.【拓展】must 作情态动词，意为“必须”，后加动词原形，侧重于说话者的主观看法，认为有必要或有义务做某事，只有现在时一种形式；否定式为“mustnt 不准，禁止”。例如：Harry, you must go to the school to study.We must save water for our earth.The students mustnt take the phone to the school.The drivers mustnt stop here.(2)介词短语between A a

37、nd B意为“在A和B之间”。例如：There is a bridge between this mountain and that mountain.I sit down between Jessica and Jack.二、语法知识清单how 引导的特殊疑问句提问交通方式并回答1.交通方式的询问：How do/does sb. get to sp.?2.交通方式的回答：(1)take +a/an/the +表示交通工具的名词，意为“乘去某地”，是动词短语，在句中作谓语。(2)介词短语作方式状语：by + 表示交通工具的单数名词on/in + a/an/the/ones+表示交通工具的单数名

38、词(3)walk/ride/drive/fly+to+地点名词，步行/骑自行车/开车/坐飞机去某地常用表达方式：walk = go/come/get to/arrive/reach.on foot ride a / my bike =go/come/get to/arrive/reachon the bike/by biketake the bus= go/come/get to/arrive/reachon the bus/by busdrive a/my car= go/come/get to/arrive/reachin a car/by carfly= go/come/get to/a

39、rrive/reachby plane/air= go/come/get to/arrive/reachon a/the plane例如：I walk to school.=I get to school on foot. I ride my bike to school.=I get to school by bike.=I get to school on my bike. I take the bus to school.=I get to school by bus=I get to school on the bus.Drive a car to work.=Go to work b

40、y car.=Go to work in a car.fly to shanghai=go to shanghai by plane/air=take the/a plane to shanghai=go to shanghai on a/an/the plane.【注意】by + 表示交通工具的单数名词时，名词前不能加任何冠词或者其他修饰词。三、语篇知识清单本单元主要围绕日常生活中人们的出行方式、出行所花费的时间及两地之间的距离而展开话题讨论。此类话题与我们的生活非常贴近，同学们在写作过程中，应熟练运用所学句型来表达怎样到达某地、某地有多远、到该地需要多长时间等。写作步骤 步骤一：在第一部分

41、可通过自我介绍来引出话题。 步骤二：在第二部分可使用所学句子“Its about two kilometers.”；“I usually go to school by bike”和“It takes me about fifteen minutes”来介绍具体情况。 步骤三：结尾可谈及相关感受。【审清题目】内容：介绍上学的相关情况，根据提示要求连词成句，连句成文。文体：日记，记叙文，书信人称：第一人称I或we；第二人称you；第三人称he/she/they。【头脑风暴】【提供素材】语块上学情况I go to school by bus/subway/bike/car.I take the b

42、us at the bus stop every day.It takes sb. 10 minutes to go to school.Its about five kilometers from my home to school.Its about 15 minutes by bike.My mother has to take me to school by her car.Its about 15 minutes ride.= Its about 15-minute ride.感受I like riding to school.I am afraid of taking the su

43、bway by myself, when I was young.I think its a healthy way to go to school by bike.I like going to school by bus, because its friendly to the earth/environment.其他All roads lead to Rome.条条大路通罗马。A road of a thousand miles begins with one step.千里之行始于足下。句型Sb. go(es) to school by Sb. take(s) the bus at t

44、he bus stop every day.It takes sb. some time to do sth.Its about kilometers from my home to school.Its aboutminutes by bike.Sb. be afraid of doing sth. by oneself.What do/does sb. think of (doing) sth.?Sp. is at the crossing of the street.A is (not) far from B.【谋篇布局】【点评范文】1.内容：本文章要求对上学情况进行介绍。2.语言：从自

45、我介绍，上学情况到谈及感受，文章清晰准确地进行了描述，逻辑清晰，结构清楚。文章中的佳句有时间状语从句“But when it rains, my mother has to take me to school by her car.”和原因状语从句“I like riding my bike to school because it is healthy.”。例文：假如你叫王伟，请你以Riding a Bike to School为题，写一篇短文，介绍一下自己每天上学的方式。要点提示：1.你家离学校的距离；2.你上学的方式；3.花费的时间；4.你对此上学方式的看法。要求：1. 内容完整，语句通

46、顺；2. 包含所有要点提示，并可适当发挥；3. 不得出现真实人名、校名，词数60左右。_【思路导航】文体：记叙文；人称：第一人称。【佳作展示】 Ride a Bike to SchoolMy name is Wang Wei. Im a middle school student. You want to know how I get to school, right? Now let me tell about it.I live in a small village, but my house is not far from school. Its only about two kilom

47、eters. I usually ride my bike to school every day. Its about twenty minutes ride. But sometimes I spend 10 minutes taking the bus to go to school.I like going to school by bike because I think its a healthy way.【名师点评】【高分句型一】You want to know how I get to school, right? 你想知道我怎样去学校，对吗？句型：how I get to s

48、chool为宾语从句；句末用反意疑问句结束。【高分句型二】Now let me tell about it. 现在让我告诉你关于它吧。句型：祈使句。【高分句型三】I live in a small village, but my house is not far from school.我居住在一个小村庄，但是我的房子离我的学校不远。句型：but引导让步状语从句。【亮点短语】get to school到达学校； live in a small village居住在小村庄；be not far from sp.离不远；about two kilometers大约两公里；ride my bike to school骑自行车去学校；every day每天；twenty minutes ride20分钟的骑行路程；sb. spend time doing sth.某人花时间做某事；by bike骑自行车；a healthy way一种健康的方式。