Unit3.docx

1、Unit3-Unit4：形容词副词比较级最高级【考点1】形容词和副词的基本用法形容词1. 形容词的用法及位置说明人或事物的特征、性质或状态，常用来修饰名词或不定代词的词叫形容词。(1). 作定语，放在名词之前，复合不定代词之后。如：The nice girl is my sister. 这个漂亮的女孩是我妹妹。(2). 作表语，放在系动词之后。如：He looks very happy. 他看起来很开心。(3). 作宾补，放在宾语之前，常与make, leave, keep等动词连用。如：You must keep your eyes closed. 你必须闭着眼睛。例题：（2016贵阳）Pa

2、ul stayed up late to watch the soccer game last night and now be feels very _.A. sleepB. asleepC. sleepy答案：C2. 形容词的名词化某些形容词放在定冠词之后，变成名词，表示一类人，常见词有good/ bad/, rich/ poor, young/ old, black/ white等。如：The young should be polite to the old. 年轻人应该对老人有礼貌。3. 形容词的顺序当名词由两个以上的形容词（包括一些具有形容词功能的限定词）修饰时，这些词的顺序通常遵

3、循一定的规则，一般不得随意调换，也不能依照汉语的意思去排列。通常可按下面的次序排列：(1). 限定词，包括：冠词、指示代词、形容词性物主代词、名词所有格、数词等。(2). 表示观点的描绘性形容词，如beautiful, fine, interesting等。(3). 表示大小、长短、高低等的形容词，如tall, high, small, little, round等。(4). 表示年龄、新旧的形容词，如：young, old, new等。(5). 表示颜色的形容词，如black, white, blue等。(6). 表示国籍、地区、出处的形容词，如Japanese, American, Eng

4、lish, rural等。(7). 表示形成中心名词的材料的形容词，如：plastic, silky, wooden等。如：two round blue plastic plates 两个圆形的蓝色塑料盘4. 常见名词变形容词的方法名词构成方法意义举例表示天气现象的名词-y充满的， 多的cloud-cloudy表示方位的名词-ern方位的，朝方的west-western表示称谓的名词-ly般的friend-friendly表示时间的名词-ly每的week-weekly表示物质的名词-en由制成的wood-wooden表示抽象意义的名词-ful/ -y/ -less的/ 的/ 无的care-ca

5、reful; luck-lucky; hope-hopeless表示大洲与国家的名词-n的/ 人的Asia-Asian副词1. 副词的分类(1). 时间副词时间副词有now, then, today, tomorrow, yesterday, before, ago, lately, early, already, yet, ever等。时间副词是确定句子时态的重要标志，所以一定要牢固掌握不同时态的时间标志。例题：（2016天津）Could you tell me _ youll go to Paris?Next month.A. whyB. whereC. whenD. how答案：C(2)

6、. 地点副词地点副词有outside, inside, upstairs, here, there, home, near, away, in, back, off, up, anywhere等。地点副词和动词连用时不加介词。(3). 方式副词方式副词有quickly, happily, loudly, suddenly, luckily, badly, easily, fast等。方式副词大多由“形容词+ly”构成。(4). 程度副词程度副词有very, quite, rather, too, much, so等。有些程度副词可以修饰形容词、副词的原级，有些能修饰形容词、副词的比较级。(5)

7、. 疑问副词疑问副词有when, where, why, how等。疑问副词常用来构成特殊疑问句。例题：（2016湖北）_ are the students in your class?Most of them are only fourteen.A. How longB. How oldC. How manyD.How often答案：B(6). 关系副词关系副词有when, where, why。关系副词常用来引导定语从句。(7). 频度副词频度副词有often, usually, never等。例题：（2016宁夏）Have you ever been to Beijing?No，_.A

8、. neverB. everC. alwaysD. sometimes答案：A2. 副词的功能(1). 作状语如：He works hard. 他工作努力。(2). 作表语如：He is in. 他在家。(3). 作宾语补足语如：Let them in. 让他们进来。【考点2】形容词和副词的比较等级形容词的比较等级1. 形容词原级的用法(1). 说明人或事物自身的特征、性质或状态时用形容词原级。如：The flowers in the garden are beautiful. 花园里的花很漂亮。(2). 有副词very, so, too, enough, quite等修饰时，用形容词原级。如

9、：The boy is too young. 这个男孩太小了。(3). 表示A与B在某方面程度相同或不同时用形容词原级。. 肯定句中的结构：“A+as+形容词原级+ as + B”。如：English is as interesting as Chinese. 英语和汉语一样有趣。例题：（2016青岛）The talent show is _ the game show. I like both.A. as boring asB. not so bored asC. as interesting asD. not so interested as答案：C. 否定句中的结构：“A+as/so+形

10、容词原级+ as + B”。如：This book isnt so new as that one. 这本书不如那本书新。. 表示“A是B的倍”时，用“A+倍数+as+形容词原级+as + B”结构（一倍：once, 二倍：twice; 三倍及以上：基数词+times）。如：Our school is three times as big as theirs. 我们的学校是他们学校的三倍大。. half as+形容词原级+as表示“是的一半”。如：Her room is half as big as yours. 她的房间是你房间的一半大。2. 形容词比较级的用法(1). 形容词比较等级的构成

11、规则变化类别构成方法原级比较级最高级单音节词和少数双音节词一般直接加-er, -estlonglongerlongest以不发音的e结尾时加-r, -stlatelaterlatest以辅音字母加y结尾时把y变i，再加-er, -esteasyeasiereasiest以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母时，双写最后的辅音字母，再加-er, -estbigbiggerbiggest多音节词和部分双音节词在原级前加more, mostcarefulmore carefulmost careful不规则变化原级比较级最高级good/wellbetterbestmany/ muchmoremost

12、badworseworstoldolder（年级较大的）elder（较年长的）oldest（年级最大的）eldest（最年长的）(2). 形容词比较级的用法. 表示两者进行比较时用形容词比较级，其结构为“A+比较级+than +B”。如：Lilys room is bigger than mine. 莉莉的房间比我的大。例题：（2016重庆）I think its necessary to learn how to work in groups.I quite agree. Sometimes its even _ than grades.A. less importantB. more im

13、portant C. the least importantD. the most important答案：B. 有表示程度的副词a little, a bit, a great deal, a lot, much, even, still, far等修饰形容词时，该形容词可以用比较级。如：The weather of Tianjin is colder than that of Guangzhou in winter. 冬天，天津的天气比广州的冷。例题：（2016重庆）This kind of watch is much _ today than last month. Would you

14、like to have one?Really? Ill take one.A. the most expensiveB. the cheapestC. more expensiveD. cheaper答案：D. 表示在两者之间选择“哪一个更”时，用句型“Which / Who + be + 形容词比较级，A或B？”表示。如：Who is taller, Li Ming or Wang Tao? 谁比较高，李明还是王涛？. 表示“几倍于”时，用“倍数+比较级+than”表示。如：Your room is three times bigger than mine. 你的房间比我的大三倍。. 表示

15、“两者之间比较的一个（of the two）”时，常用“the + 比较级”结构。如：Mary is the taller of the twins. 玛丽是双胞胎中比较高的那个。. 表示“越来越.”，用比较级重叠结构，即“比较级+and+比较级”，当形容词为多音节词或部分双音节词时，用“more and more + 形容词原级”。如：Its getting warmer and warmer in spring. 春天天气变得越来越暖和。例题：（2016滨州）Food Safety problem is becoming _ these days.I think so. The gover

16、nment must do something to deal with it.A. smaller and smallerB. worse and worseC. better and betterD. nicer and nicer答案：B. 表示“越越”时，用“the+比较级，the+比较级”结构。如：The more, the better. 越多越好。例题：（2016孝感）The earlier kids learn to be independent, the _ it is for their future.A. goodB. wellC. betterD. best答案：C(3

17、). 形容词最高级的用法. 表示三者或三者以上的人或物进行比较时，用最高级形式。形容词最高级前必须加定冠词the，句末常跟一个in/of短语来表示范围。如：Shanghai is the biggest city in China. 上海是中国最大的城市。例题：（2016厦门）Have you seen the movie Zootopia?Yes, Ive seen it twice. Of all the movies Ive ever seen, Its the _ one.A. interestingB. more interestingC. most interesting 答案：C

18、. 表示在三者或三者以上的人或物中进行选择时，用“Which / Who + be + the + 形容词最高级，A，B，or C?”结构。如：Which city is the most beautiful, Beijing, Shanghai or Fuzhou? 哪座城市最漂亮，北京、上海还是福州？. 表示“最的之一”时，用“one of the + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数”结构。如：Jay Zhou is one of the most popular singers. 周杰伦是最受欢迎的歌手之一。. 形容词最高级前面可以加序数词，表示“第几最”。如：The Yellow Ri

19、ver is the second longest river n China. 黄河是中国第二长河。. 形容词最高级前面可以用形容词性物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等修饰，此时不能再用定冠词。如：This is our best lesson today. 这是我们今天最好的一节课。. 形容词比较级结构可以表示最高级含义。如：Li Lei is the tallest student in his class. 李雷是他班里最高的学生。= Li Lei is taller than any other student in his class. 李雷比班里其他任何一个学生都高。副词的比较等级

20、1. 副词的比较级和最高级的构成(1). 规则构成：与形容词的比较级和最高级的构成、用法及读音完全相同。英语中常见的由-er, -est构成比较级和最高级的副词有fast, early, late, hard, long, near等。(2). 不规则构成原级比较级最高级wellbetterbestbadlyworseWorstmuchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther/ furtherfarthest/ furthest2. 副词的比较等级的用法详解(1). 平级比较的用法. 肯定句中用“as + 副词原级 + as”结构如：The teacher speak

21、s as clearly as she can to make us understand her. 老师尽力说清楚以便我们能明白她。例题：（2016铜仁市）His handwriting is very careful.YeahWith the help of him, his sister writes as _ as him.A. careB. carefulC. more carefullyD. carefully答案：D. 否定句中用“as/so + 副词原级 + as”结构。如：I cant type as/ so fast as my brother. 我打字不如我弟弟快。(2)

22、. 比较级的用法. 用“比较级+than”结构可以表示一方超过另一方的情况，也可表示一方不如另一方的情况。如：Tom is hard-working. I work harder than him. 汤姆很努力，我比他更努力。例题：（2016江西）I didnt do very well in this exam. Unluckily, he did it _.A. worseB. badlyC. betterD. worst答案：A. “比较级+and +比较级”表示某种情况变得“越来越”。如：Tom plays the violin more and more beautifully. 汤

23、姆小提琴拉得越来越好。. “the+比较级, the+比较级”表示一方的程度随着另一方的程度平行变化，意为“越（就）越”。如：The more we know each other, the better we understand each other. 我们相互了解得越多，就越能互相理解。(3). 最高级的用法主要运用“the+副词最高级+表示范围的短语”结构，最高级前的定冠词the可省略。如：Of all the subjects, I like art (the) best. 在所有课程中，我最喜欢美术。例题：（2016毕节市）Bob sings _ in our class.A. b

24、etterB. bestC. goodD. well答案：B易混词意义及用法说明例句older常用于比较句型中，表示“较老的，较旧的，年纪较大的”Your bike is older than mine.elder尤指同一家庭里两个成员中“年纪较长的”Hes my elder brother.当堂练习一、用所给词的适当形式填空。1. The river was so polluted that it _(actual) caught fire and burned. 2. Bend your knees slightly and reach out your arms like tree br

25、anches, naturally and _ (soft). 3. Just be _ (patience). 4. Although parents should take _ (well) care of their young children, they dont _ (necessary) do anything for them. 5. Do you like Marys new hairstyle? Perfect! How much _ (good) she looks with the curly short hair! 6. Are you satisfied with

26、the result of the exam? - Not at all. I cant have a _ (bad) one. 7. - Lily did succeed at last! Yeah, indeed, but she was _ (luck) than successful, I think. 8. That would be a very _ (reason) thing to do in a big city, but it could destroy a small village like this. 9. Mary felt _ (please), because

27、there were many empty seats in the room. 10. The teachers are very enthusiastic and _ (friend) and the classrooms are _ (amaze).二、单项选择。1. She isnt so _at maths as you are.A. wellB. goodC. betterD. best2. Peter writes _ of the three.A. betterB. bestC. goodD. well3. _ children there are in family_ the

28、ir life will be.A. The less; the betterB. The fewer; the betterC. Fewer; richerD. More; poorer4. Most of the people in Guangdong are getting _.A. more and more richB. more rich and more richC. richer and richerD. richer and richest5. India has the second _ population in the world.A. largerB. mostC.

29、smallestD. largest6. I think Chinese is than maths. A. interesting B. more interestingC. most interesting D. the most interesting 7. The Huang He River is one of in China. A. The long river B. the longest riverC. the longest rivers D. the longer river 8. It was yesterday than today. A. hot B. hoter

30、C. hotter D. the hottest9. Which subject do you like , English Chinese or maths?A. best B. well C. better D. good10. I dont think English is Chinese.A. as important as B. not important asC. not so important D. important as巩固提升一、单句改错。（只有一处错误）1. The fruits are small in size, but juicy and taste. 2. We

31、 dont need to do so many homework. Therefore, we have more time for after-school activities. 3. The teachers here are kind and helpfully. They are not only our teachers but also our friends. 4. That is too much for us, considering how closely the houses are. 5. Im always caution about what I say bec

32、ause some careless remarks are likely to hurt others feelings. 6. Doing physical exercise is an effect way to get rid of anger. 7. But such a small thing couldnt possible destroy a village. 8. Interesting, it has a connection with the British porcelain (瓷器) industry. 二、中考形容词和副词专项练习。1.Playing video g

33、ames is a waste of time.I cant agree more. There are _ meaningful things to do.A. the mostB. the leastCmoreD. less2. Roy never likes junk food.Neither do I. Thats probably why Im becoming _ now.A. healthy and weakB. healthier and healthierC. weaker and weakerD. more and more healthily3. The talent s

34、how is _ the game showI like both.A. as boring asB. not so bored asC. as interesting asD. not so interested as4. If more people give up driving cars，the air will get much _ in a few years.A. cleanB. cleanerC. the cleanerD. the cleanest5. Their classroom is as _ as ours. A. cleanerB. cleanC. the clea

35、nestD. much cleaner6. In order to pass the exam, You need to work much _now.A. hardB. harderC. hardestD. hardly7. Which subject do you like _, English or math?Of course, English.A. wellB. betterC. best8.Did John get Number 1 in the math exam?Yes, no one did so_ as him.A. goodB. wellC. betterD. best9

36、.Could you tell me _ youll go to Paris?Next month.A. whyB. whereC. whenD. how10.Your son used to be a homebody but he now likes outdoor activities. How did you do that?I tried many ways over and over again. _, I made it.A. NextB. ThenC. FinallyD. Suddenly参考答案当堂练习一、用所给词的适当形式填空。1.actually2. softly3. p

37、atient4. good, necessarily5. better6. worse7. more lucky8. reasonable9. pleased10. friendly, amazing二、单项选择。1-5. BBBCD 6-10. BCCAA【巩固提升】一、单句改错。（只有一处错误）1.taste tasty2. many much3. helpfully helpful4. closely close5. caution cautious6. effect effective7. possible possibly8. Interesting - Interestingly二、中考形容词和副词专项练习。1-5. CBCBB 6-10. BBBCC