Welcome Unit单元重点语法Grammar句子成分和句子结构-2022-2023学年必修第一册单元重难点易错题精练（人教版2019）.docx

1、Welcome Unit单元重点语法专项练习句子成分和句子结构一、单项选择1In fact, an art movement called the “Mission School” started here. 句子中的谓语动词是_。AfactBmovementCcalledDstarted2My hotel is near downtown, in the Mission District, one of the oldest parts of the city.句中的主语是: _。AMy hotelBdowntownCMission DistrictDthe city3The soldier

2、s bag is full of medals. 划线部分是什么短语？ANPBAdjPCAdvPDVP4That dream comes true! 以上句子中comes的成分是：A主语B谓语C宾语D状语5选出以下句子的结构类型: He tells them a funny story.ASVOBSVOCCSV IO DODSV6The maths homework looks easy. 以上句子中The maths homework的成分是:A主语B谓语C宾语D状语7Tired, hungry and not knowing a word of Chinese, we had no ide

3、a how to order . 句子中的谓语动词是_.AtiredBknowingChadDorder8This years Nobel Prize for physiology or medicine has been awarded to Tu Youyou, whose research led to the discovery of artemisinin.句子中的主语是：Athis yearBNobel PrizeCphysiologyDmedicine9She has been a student for ten years. 句子的谓语是 _.Ahas beenBSheCa s

4、tudentDfor ten years10The girl he gave the flowers to is Rose. 从句的主语是？AThe girlBheCthe flowersDRose11We will make him our monitor. (分析句子结构)AS+V+OBS+V+DO+IOCS+V+PDS+V+O+OC12My father bought me a new bike last week.(分析句子结构)AS+VBS+V+CCS+V+IO+DODS+V+P13The young man offered the old man his own seat. ()A

5、宾语B定语C宾语补足语D表语14The sentence structure of “He lent me a book.” is _AS+V+OBS+V+IO+DOCS+V+DO+OCDS+V+P15The war made him a soldier.AobjectBobject complementCpredicativeDadverbial16We should keep the classroom clean and tidy.该句子结构为ASVBSVOCSV IO DODSVOC17He likes dancing very much.该句子结构为ASVBSVOCSV IO DOD

6、SVOC18He asked us to join in the game last night. Sentence elements :_ASVPABSVOCCSVOCADSVOOA19Mum encouraged me to try different kinds of food.分别代表不同的句子成分，请选择分析正确的一项A主语、谓语、宾语、宾语B主语、谓语、宾语、补语C主语、谓语、表语、状语D主语、谓语、宾语、状语20His job is to teach English. 请指出本句子中划线部分的成分是_?A谓语B表语C宾补D状语21There is a girl waiting f

7、or you downstairs.A定语B主语C状语D谓语22Nowadays more and more students are working directly on the Internet where different types of course are supplied.What is the sentence elements(句子成分)of the underlined words?Aadverbial 状语Bcomplement 补语Cattributive 定语Dappositive 同位语23John gave Mary many new books.A状语B定语

8、C宾语D宾补24He is working in the room.A状语B定语C宾语D宾补25The sentence structure of “I painted the wall white.” Is_AS+V+DO+OCBS+V+IO+DOCS+V+ODS+V+P26The sentence structure（结构）of “Mr. Wu teaches us English.”is_AS+V+DO+OCBS+V+IO+DOCS+V+ODS+V+P27We made him our monitor. 划线成分是_A宾语B定语C状语D宾补28My brother is a police

9、man.划线成分是_A主语B谓语C宾语D表语29My mother told us an interesting story last night. 划线成分是_A表语B直接宾语C间接宾语D宾补30She found it difficult to do the work.句子的宾语补足语是_ASheBfoundCitDdifficult31Any ordinary person would find it hard to imagine what Michelangelo had gone through in those four years of hard works.What is t

10、he sentence elements(句子成分)of the underlined words?Asubjects 主语Bpredicate 谓语Cobject 宾语Dpredicative 表语32The machine must be out of order.The structure of the sentence is _.A主+谓+宾B主+谓+间宾+直宾C主+系+表D主+谓+宾+宾补33Going from junior high school to senior high school is really a big challenge.句子的 主语 是：Ajunior hi

11、gh schoolBsenior high schoolCa big challengeDGoing from junior high school to senior high school34Inspired, he asked his fans to make videos, which he then joined together into one performance.主句中的谓语是：AinspiredBaskedCmakeDjoined35What sentence element does the underlined part serve as?Its important

12、to stick to it and work hard towards it.ASubject（主语）BObject（宾语）CAdverbial（状语）DAttributive（定语）36She couldnt make herself heard above the noise of the traffic.The structure of the sentence is _.A主+谓+宾B主+谓+间宾+直宾C主+系+表D主+谓+宾+宾补37“The news makes me feel very happy.” The structure of this sentence is“_”.A

13、S+V+OBS+V+IO+DOCS+V+PDS+V+DO+OC38Analyze the structure of the following sentence:“I hope to be fluent when I graduate.”ASVOBSVACSVOADSP39Analyze the structure of the following sentence:“Her first impression was that English was difficult.”ASVOBSPCSVADSVOC40Which one of the following sentences uses t

14、he sentence structure of “SVOA”?(S:Subject;V:Verb;O:ObjectA:Adverbial)AI find it impossible to finish the task in time.BThey are talking about the film at the meeting.CWe have realized the importance of English.DI will tell my friends to protect the trees二、完成句子41他很喜欢阅读。(主语 + 谓语 + 宾语)_ very much .42他

15、总是把他的卧室收拾得干干净净。(主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语)He always _ .43我的目标是让中国走向世界，让世界了解中国。（用“系表结构”补全句子）_ and let the world understand China.44每天早上我们都能听到他大声朗读英语。（主语谓语宾语宾语补足语）Every morning we can hear him _ _ _.45老师手里拿着本书走进了教室。(with宾语介词短语作宾补)The teacher came into the classroom _.46收到你的来信知道你要来北京，我很高兴。（用“系表结构”补全句子）_and

16、know youre coming to Beijing.47昨天John因为粗心，自己所有的钱都被偷走了。 (get+宾语+宾补)John _ yesterday because of his carelessness.48班主任要求所有学生把教室打扫得整洁又干净。（make）The headteacher asked all the students to _ tidy and clean.49Time zipped by _. 光阴荏苒, 转瞬又是一年。(and并列句)50他的英语讲得一天比一天好。His English got better _.三、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：

17、1. The students got on the school bus.2. He handed me the newspaper.3. I shall answer your question after class.4. What a beautiful Chinese painting!5. They went hunting together early in the morning.6. His job is to train swimmers.7. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.8. There is going t

18、o be an American film tonight.9. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.10. His wish is to become a scientist.11. He managed to finish the work in time.12. Tom came to ask me for advice.13. He found it important to master English.14. Do you have anything else to say?15. To be honest, your pronunciatio

19、n is not so good.16. Would you please tell me your address?17. He sat there, reading a newspaper.18. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.19. He noticed a man enter the room.20. The apples tasted sweet.参考答案：1D【解析】考查谓语，句意：事实上，一场名为“教会学校”的艺术运动就是从这里开始的。分析句子结构可知，called是非谓语动词，与movement是被动关系

20、，所以此处是过去分词表被动做后置定语，所以真正的动词是started。故选D项。2A【解析】考查句子成分。句意：我的酒店在市中心附近，在教会区，是这个城市最古老的地区之一。分析句子结构可知，本句主语是My hotel，downtown是表语。故选A项。3B【解析】考查句子结构。句意：士兵的包里装满了奖章。The soldiers bag 为主语，is为系动词，all of medals为形容词短语（AdjP）作表语。故选B。4B【解析】考查句子成分。句意：梦想成真了！此处主语为dream，come为谓语。故选B。5C【解析】考查句子结构。句意：他给他们讲了一个有趣的故事。句中He为主语， te

21、lls为谓语动词，them为间接宾语，a funny story为直接宾语，所以本句为主谓宾宾结构。故选C。6A【解析】考查句子结构。句意：数学作业看起来很简单。The maths homework 为主语，谓语动词为系动词looks，easy为表语，所以本句为主系表结构。故选A。7C【解析】考查句子结构。句意：我们又累又饿，又不会说中文，根本不知道怎么点餐。句子主语是I，谓语动词是had，宾语是no idea，构成主谓宾结构。Tired, hungry and not knowing a word of Chinese为状语成分。故选C。8B【解析】考查句子结构。句意：今年的诺贝尔生理学或医

22、学奖被授予屠呦呦，她的研究导致了青蒿素的发现。分析可知，句中涉及一个whose引导的非限制性定语从句，因此句子主语应在主句部分找；主句中：主语为Nobel Prize，This years和for physiology or medicine分别作为Nobel Prize的前置定语和后置定语；谓语为has been awarded to ；宾语为Tu Youyou。故选B。9A【解析】考查句子成分分析。句意：她当了十年的学生。分析句子结构可知，主语是she；句子时态是现在完成时，谓语是has been；宾语是a student；状语是for ten days。故选A。10B【解析】考查定语从句

23、和句子成分。句意：他送花给的那个女孩是罗斯。分析句子可知，从句为“he gave the flowers to”，由于关系代词在从句中作介词to的宾语，所以该句省略了关系代词，综上，从句的主语为人称代词he，是动作的施加者。故选B项。11D【解析】考查句子结构。句意：我们将让他当我们的班长。分析句子可知，“We”在句中作主语（S），“will make”作谓语（V），“him”作宾语（O），“our monitor”作宾语补足语（OC），故句子为“S+V+O+OC”结构。故选D项。12C【解析】考查句子结构。句意：我爸爸上周给我买了一辆新自行车。此处主语为my father；bought为谓语

24、；me为间接宾语；a new bike为直接宾语。属于“主谓宾宾”结构。故选C。13A【解析】考查句子成分。句意：那个年轻人把自己的座位让给了老人。分析句子可知，“The young man”在句中作主语，“offered”作谓语，“the old man”作间接宾语，“his own seat”作直接宾语，故画线部分在句中作宾语。故选A项。14B【解析】考查句子结构。句意：“他借给我一本书”的句子结构是He是主语，lent是谓语，me是间接宾语，a book是直接宾语，因此句子结构是S+V+IO+DO。故选B。15B【解析】考查句子成分。句意：战争使他成为一名士兵。A. object宾语；B

25、. object complement宾语补足语；C. predicative表语；D. adverbial状语。此处主语为the war；make作谓语，him为宾语，画线部分作宾语补足语。故选B。16D【解析】考查句子结构。句意：我们应该保持教室干净和整洁。A. SV主谓；B. SVO主谓宾；C. SV IO DO主谓双宾语；D. SVOC主谓宾宾补。分析句子可知，we作句子主语，should keep作谓语，the classroom作宾语，形容词clean and tidy作宾语补足语。故选D项。17B【解析】考查句子结构。句意：他非常喜欢跳舞。此处主语为he；谓语动词为likes；名

26、词dancing作宾语；very much表示“非常”，修饰动词，作状语。故句子结构为“主谓宾”，缩写为SVO，故选B。18C【解析】考查句子结构。句意：他昨晚请我们参加比赛。主语为he，谓语动词为ask，us为宾语，to join in the game为宾补，last night为时间状语。故句子为“主谓宾宾补（SVOCA）”，故选C。19B【解析】考查句子成分。句意：妈妈鼓励我尝试不同种类的食物。分析句子可知，名词Mum“妈妈”在句中作主语，表示动作的发出者；动词encouraged“鼓励”在句中作谓语，表示主语发出的动作；代词的宾格me“我”在句中作宾语，表示动作的承受者；不定式短语t

27、o try different kinds of food“尝试不同种类的食物” 在句中作宾语补足语，补充说明宾语的动作。分别是主语、谓语、宾语、补语。故选B项。20B【解析】考查句子成分。句意：他的工作是教英语。is是系动词，与 to teach English构成系表结构。故划线部分是表语。故选B。【点睛】21A【解析】考查句子成分。句意：有个女孩在楼下等你。分析句子结构，is为谓语动词，划线部分为现在分词作后置定语，修饰名词a girl。故选A。22C【解析】考查定语从句。句意：现在越来越多的学生直接在网上学习，网络提供了不同类型的课程。分析句子结构可知本句是一个定语从句，先行词是the

28、 Internet，后面的定语从句结构很完整，使用关系副词where引导定语从句。所以判断划线部分是做定语成分，修饰Internet, 所以选C项。23B【解析】考查形容词。句意：John给了Mary许多新的书。修饰名词books，所以作定语，选B。24A【解析】句意：他在这个房间里工作。in the room在句子中作地点状语，所以选A。25A【解析】考查句子结构。该句中，主语是I，谓语是painted ，宾语是wall ，形容词white作宾语补足语。故选A项。26B【解析】考查句子结构。句意：吴老师教我们英语。在本句中，Mr. Wu 是主语；teaches是谓语动词；us是间接宾语；En

29、glish是直接宾语，因此本句属于S+V+IO+DO（主谓宾宾），故选B。27D【解析】考查句子成分。句意：我们选他当班长。句子中，动词made为谓语，him为宾语，our monitor意为“我们的班长”，对宾语作补充说明，为宾语补足语。故选D。28D【解析】考查句子成分。句意：我的哥哥是一名警察。句子中，“my brother”为主语，is为系动词，“a policeman”在系动词后作表语。故选D。29B【解析】考查句子成分。句意：我妈妈昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。tell sb sth意为“告诉某人某事”，为双宾语结构。双宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语，直接宾语是指动词的承受者，间接宾语

30、是指动词的行为所指向的人。此处an interesting story为动词tell的承受者，所以是直接宾语。故选B。30D【解析】考查句子成分。句意：她发现做这项工作很困难。句子中，she为主语，动词found为谓语，it作形式宾语，形容词difficult意为“困难的”，对宾语作补充说明，为宾语补足语，动词不定式to do the work为真正的宾语。故选D。31C【解析】考查句子结构。句意：普通人会发现很难去想象米开朗基罗在四年内经历了什么困难和孤独的工作。动词find后面有一个不定式短语to imagine what Michelangelo had gone through in

31、those four years of hard works充当宾语，hard是宾语补足语, it作形式宾语, 所以划线部分充当宾语的成分。故C项正确。32C【解析】考查基本句型。句意：这部机器一定是坏了。分析句子结构，the machine是主语，must be为情态动词+系动词，out of order位于系动词后面，是表语。由此可知，这个句子是“主+系+表”结构。故填C。33D【解析】考查句子分析。句意：从初中到高中真的是一个巨大的挑战。分析句子可知，句子的主语是动名词短语Going from junior high school to senior high school，句子是主系表

32、句型，a big challenge为表语。故选D项。34B【解析】考查定语从句。句意：受到启发，他让他的粉丝们制作视频，然后他把这些视频组合成一个表演。A.inspired 启发，过去分词作状语；B.asked 让，要求，主句谓语动词；C.make 做，动词不定式 to make videos作asked的宾语补足语；D.joined 加入，短语join together 组合，作从句谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，这是一个关系代词whih引导的非限制性定语从句，主句是he asked his fans to make videos，主句中的主语是he，谓语动词是asked。故选B项。35A【解

33、析】考查句子成分。句意：下划线部分是什么句子成分？坚持下去并为之努力工作是很重要的。分析句子可知，划线部分为句子真正主语，it为形式主语。故选A项。36D【解析】考查句子结构。句意：在车辆的嘈杂声中，她无法使人听见她的声音。分析句子结构可知，这个句子的主语是She，谓语是 couldnt make，宾语是 herself ，过去分词heard作宾语补足语。故选D项。37D【解析】考查句子结构。句意：这消息使我感到非常高兴。“make+宾语+宾语补足语”为固定结构，the news是主语S；makes是谓语V；me是宾语DC；feel very happy是宾语补足语OC。故选D。38C【解析】

34、考查句子结构。题目要求分析句子成分，本句的主语是I，谓语动词是hope，宾语是to be fulent，此处是不定式短语做hope的宾语，when引导的是时间状语，所以整个句子结构是主谓宾+状语，故选C项。39B【解析】考查基本句型和句子成分。句意：她的第一印象是英语很难。分析句子的结构可知：句子的主语是Her first impression;was 是系动词；表语是that English was difficult.所以句子的结构式SP。故答案为B。40B【解析】考查句子结构。题干问的是：下列哪项是主+谓+宾+状结构？A项句意：我发现按时完成任务是不可能的。句中主语为“I”，谓语动词“f

35、ind”。形式宾语“it”，宾语补足语 “impossible to finish the task in time”，故A项结构为主+谓+宾+宾补。B项句意：他们正在会上谈论那部电影。主语“They”，谓语动词“are talking about”，宾语 “the film”，地点状语“at the meeting”，故B项结构为主+谓+宾+状的结构。C项句意：我们意识到英语的重要性。主语“we ”，谓语动词“have realized”，宾语“the importance of English”，故C项结构为主+谓+宾。D项句意：我要告诉我的朋友们保护树木。主语“I ”，谓语“will t

36、ell”，宾语“my friends”，宾语补足语“to protect the trees”，故D项结构为主+谓+宾+宾补。故此题选B。41He likes/enjoys reading【解析】考查动名词。主语是he，谓语动词是like/enjoy，此处是描述一般的事实，所以用一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数，谓语动词用三单形式，like/enjoy doing sth，表示喜欢做某事，需要用动名词做宾语，故填He likes/enjoys reading。42keeps his bedroom clean.【解析】考查简单句基本结构“主谓宾宾补”。分析句子结构可知，该句可使用“主语 + 谓语

37、 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语”。根据汉语提示，“让保持干净”可译为keep sth clean，该短语中，clean作宾补，根据句意，“他的卧室”可译为his bedroom，分析语境可知，该句用一般现在时态，主语为he，故谓语动词（keep）应用第三人称单数形式，即keeps，故该句可填keeps his bedroom clean。43My aim is to let China go to the world【解析】考查句子结构、不定式和时态。根据句意，空格处缺少“我的目标是让中国走向世界”，and连接并列句，主语是“我的目标是.”，应用My aim is；后接动词不定式作表语“让中国走向

38、世界”说明主语aim的内容，应用to let China go to the world。故译为My aim is to let China go to the world。44 read English loudly【解析】考查固定短语。结合句意表示“大声朗读英语”短语为read English loudly，作宾补，hear somebody do听到某人做某事的全过程。故填read English loudly。45with a book in his hand【解析】考查with的复合结构。对照中英文句意可知，空处需表示“手里拿着本书”之意，按照括号内提示可知，此处需用with的复合结

39、构，其结构为：with+宾语+介词短语作宾补，此处需用a book“一本书”作宾语，in his hand在他手里，介词短语作宾语补足语。故填with a book in his hand。46Im happy to receive your letter【解析】考查固定句型。Im happy是主系表结构，后面的不定式说明“我高兴”的原因，be happy to do sth.做某事很高兴，该句型是固定句型。根据句意，故填Im happy to receive your letter。47got all his money stolen【解析】考查句子结构。题目要求使用get+宾语+宾补，根据

40、句意并分析句子结构可知，主语为John，宾语“钱”是被偷走的，考虑用get sth. done的结构，表示“使某事被（别人）做”，即宾补为“偷窃”steal的过去分词形式，用all his money表示“他所有的钱”，yesterday提示时态为一般过去时。故填got all his money stolen。48make the classroom【解析】考查非谓语动词和固定搭配。ask sb.to do sth.表示“要求某人做某事”，所以空格处应填动词原形；make+宾语+宾语补足语表示“使处于某种状态”，所以空格处应填make the classroom。故填make the cla

41、ssroom。49and the year was soon over【解析】考查句子结构主系表和并列句。根据前文谓语动词“zipped”可知，并列句用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式，故表示“又是一年”可用主系表结构the year was over；表示“转瞬”用副词soon，位于系动词之后，由并列连词and相连。故填and the year was soon over。50day by day【解析】考查固定短语。根据句意可知，此处需要填短语day by day“一天天，逐渐”，在句中作状语。故填day by day。511、主语，定语；2、间接宾语；3、谓语，状语；4、定语；5、状语，状语；6、定语，表语；7、宾语，状语；8、谓语，主语；9、谓语；10、主语，表语；11、谓语，宾语；12、状语；13、形式宾语，真正宾语；14、宾语、定语；15、插入语，状语；16、宾语(间宾+直宾)；17、状语，状语；18、形式主语，表语，宾补；19、宾补；20、表语