[31885452]Unit 1 讲义2021-2022学年人教版八年级英语下册.docx

1、新课知识讲解与练习单词检测：名词：1.问题；事情n_ 2.胃痛;腹痛 n_ 3.脚;足 n_4.脖子;颈部n _ 5.胃;部n_ 6.喉咙;咽喉_n_7.发烧; n_ 8.躺下_ 9.放松；休息 v n_10.咳嗽 n v_ 11. X射线；X光 n_ 12.牙痛n_13.头痛n_ 14.间歇；休息n_15.乘客；旅客 n_16.问题，苦恼 n_ 17.绷带n 用绷带包扎 v_ 18.膝；膝盖 n_19.鼻出血 n_ 20.登山者；攀登者 n_ 21.危险；风险；冒险n v_ 22.交通事故； n_ 23.情况；状况 n_ 24.千克；公斤 n_25.岩石 n_ 26.刀 n_ 27.血 n_

2、28.重要性；重要 n_ 29.决定；抉择 n_ 30.限制；约束；管理 n v_31.勇气；意志 n_ 32.死；死亡 n_ 33.护士 n_动词：1.躺；平躺 v_ 2.（使）疼痛；受伤v_3.（用手或器具）击；打 v_ 4.呼吸 v_5.意思是；打算；意欲v_形容词：1.疼痛的;酸痛的 adj_ 2.生病的；有病的adj_3.晒伤的adj_代词：1.她自己 pron_ 2.我们自己 pron_介词：1.向；朝 prep_副词：1.离开（某处）；不工作；从.去掉 重点词组：have a cold 感冒 have a sore back 背疼 have a stomachache 胃疼 ha

3、ve a very sore throat 嗓子疼 lie down 躺下 hot tea with honey 放蜂蜜的热茶 see a dentist 看牙医 get an X-ray 照X光 take ones temperature 测量体温 have a fever 发烧 take break 休息 away from 远离go to a doctor 看医生 go along 沿着走 the side of 的一边 next to 挨着，靠近 shout for help 呼喊救命 without thinking twice 毫不犹豫 get off 下车 have a hear

4、t problem 有心脏病 to ones surprise 另某人惊讶的是agree to do 同意做 thanks to 幸亏，由于 in time 及时 think about考虑 save a life 救命 get into trouble 有麻烦 fall down 摔倒 hurt oneself 受伤语法重点：情态动词should 的用法1.should表示义务或责任should表示义务或责任时意为“应该”：We should learn from each other. 我们应该互相帮助。We should help the aged. 我们应该帮助老人。2.should

5、表示建议或劝告should 表示建议或劝告时意为“应该”：You should give up smoking. 你应该戒烟。You should go and ask your teacher. 你应该去问问老师。3.should 表示推断should 表示推断时意为“应该”、“可能”：They should be there by now, I think. 我想现在他们都已经到了。The concert should be great fun. 音乐会应该很有意思。题型练习：1.You_bequietwhenyouareinthereadingroom.A.shouldB.shouldn

6、tC.canD.cant2Hurryup,oryou_catchthetrainAcantBneedntCmustntD.shouldnt3. Acountryhasdreams.Weteenagers_alsohavedreams.Withdreamsandhardwork,anythingamazing canbecreated. A.may B.must C.should4.You_driveyourcarsofast.Itsverydangerous.A.wouldntB.shouldntC.couldntD.mightnt重要用法：1. maybe “或许”，常用于句首，表示可能性，

7、后加句子。Maybe you are right. may be，是情态动词+be的结构，意为“可能，也许”，后加名词、代词或形容词。He may be angry.2. sound like+名词、代词和从句sound+形容词，“听起来，好像”3. advice 不可数名词劝告，建议， 向征求意见ask for ones advice a piece of （good/sound/ proper/ bad/improper） advice 一条(好的/合理的/正确的/坏的/不合理的)建议 give/offer sb. advice on sth.就某事给某人建议； take ones adv

8、ice.接受、采纳某人的建议 advise 动词 advise sb. to do sth. advise sb. doing sth 4. exercise 动词意为“锻炼、训练”，可数时意为“演习、练习、训练”，不可数时意为“锻炼”。5. free 形容词空闲的free time； 免费的the drink is for free； 自由的I want to become a free bird. free【动词】使解脱，得到自由He could not free his arm.重点考点：考点1. Whatsthematter?怎么啦？出什么事情了？【解析】matter n.问题；事情W

9、hatsthematterwithyou?=Whatsthetroublewithyou?=Whatswrongwithyou?你怎么了？【注】：matter和trouble为名词，其前可加the或形容词性物主代词，wrong是adj.不能加the【用法】用于询问某人有什么病或某人遇到什么麻烦、问题其后跟询问对象时，与介词with连用。即：Whatsthematterwithsb.?=Whatsyourtrouble?=Whatsup?=Whathappenstosb.?Whatsthematterwithyou?Ihaveabadcold.考题练习：1.Whatsthematter_Tom.

10、Heiswetthrough.Hiscarran_theriver.A.with;inB.to;intoC.with;into2.Whats_withyou?A.troubleB.thematterC.thewrongD.matter2._?Nothingserious,butabittired.Betterhavearestnow,dear.A.IsthatallB.IsthereanythingelseC.WhatsthisD.Whatsthematterwithyou【拓展】matter的用法Itdoesntmatter没关系（用来回答别人道歉时的用语）1.Imverysorry.Ibr

11、okeyourteacup._.A.ItdoesntmatterB.YoudbetternotC.TakeiteasyD.Itstoobad考点2.Shetalkedtoomuchyesterdayanddidntdrinkenoughwater.她昨天说话太多了并且没有喝足够的水。much too +adj./adv. 太 ，非常 They are much too small for father。它们太小了，肯定不是爸爸穿的。too much+不可数名词 太多 I have too much work to do .我有太多的工作要做。too many +可数名词复数，太多 There

12、are too many people in the room.房间里人太多。1.Mr.Smitheats_food,sohes_fat.A.muchtoo;toomuchB.toomany;muchtooC.toomuch;toomuchD.toomuchmuchtoo3.Themeatis_delicious.Yes,butdonteat_.A.toomuch;toomuchB.muchtoo;toomuchC.toomuchmuchtooD.muchtoo;muchtoo【解析2】enough的用法(1)adj.足够的，充分的修饰名词时，可放在名词之前或之后enoughtime(2)ad

13、v.足够地，十分，相当修饰adj./adv,放在adj./adv后expensiveenough(3)be+adj.+enoughtodosthbestrongenoughtocarrythebox.1.WhatdoyouthinkofthelectureofLiYangsCrazyEnglish?Ithinkits_,butsomeonethinksitsmuchtoo_.A.wonderfulenough;bored B.enoughwonderful;boringA. wonderful;enough;boring D.enoughwonderfulbored考点3：needv需要用于肯

14、定句是实义动词(1)needsth需要某物Ineedyourhelp.(2)人做主语，sbneedtodosth某人需要做某事Doyouneedtodrinkmorewater?(3)物做主语，sthneeddoingsth=sthneedtobedoneMyTVsetneedsrepairing.1.Ineed_(come)totheofficequickly,becausesomeworkneed_(finish)atonce.2.Davidneeds_agoodrest.A.hasB.tohaveC.haveD.having用于否定句是情态动词neednt=donthaveto没有必要m

15、ust,need引导的疑问句肯定回答用1.MustIhandinmyexercisebooknow,Mr.Zhao?No,you_.Youmaygiveittometomorrow.A.needntB.mustntC.cantD.maynot考点4：: see（saw,seen）v看见seesb.dosth看见某人做某事（看到动作发生的全过程或经常看到动作发生）seesb.doingsth看见某人正在做某事（强调动作正在发生）1.Andyprefers_booksto_TV.A.reading;watchingB.read;watchC.looking;seeingD.look;see2.Se

16、eingtheirteacher_intotheclassroom,theystopped_atonce.A.walk;tellingB.entering;tospeakC.enter;totellD.walking;talking考点5.Thebusdriver,24-year-oldWangPing,stoppedthebuswithoutthinkingtwice.公共汽车司机，24岁的王平，毫不犹豫的停下了车。24-year-old24岁的“数词+名词+形容词”构成复合形容词，在句中作定语，用连字符后连接，名词用单数。1.Tom,_boy,istheonlychildofthefami

17、ly.A.afiveyearsoldB.afive-year-oldC.afive-year-olds2.Mybrotherhasa_son.A.four-years-oldB.fourth-year-oldC.four-year-oldD.four-year-olds考点6：:thanksto对亏；由于thanksto为习语介词，thanks不可以改为thankyou，to后也不接动词原形，这个短语表示原因，意为由于、多亏，to表示感谢的对象thanksfor，意为因而感谢，for强调为何而感谢，其后可接名词或v-ingthanks相当于thankyou，1._theteacher,Ivem

18、adegreatprogress.A.ThankyouB.ThanksC.Thankslot2._herhusband，shehasnowbecomeafamousfilmstar.A.BecauseB.ThankstoC.ThanksforD.Withthehelp考点7：: feelsick生病；不舒服sick/illadj.生病的(1)sickadj.“生病的”，既可放be(系动词)后作表语，也可放n.前作定语。besickof“讨厌；厌恶”sickperson=patient“病人”(2)illadj.“生病的”，只能放be(系动词)后作表语，beillinhospital生病住院il

19、lillnessn.“病；疾病”1. The_girlwassenttohospitalbyhermotheryesterday.A.sickB.illC.goodD.well考点8：beusedto(doing)习惯于（做）；适应于（做）【用法】(1)usev.使用usefuladj.有用的useup用完StudyingEnglishis_(use).(2)usesthtodosth用某物做某事WeuseInternet_(find)information.(3)usedtodosth过去常常做某事，表示过去做过的事现在已经不做，只用于过去时态。Iusedtogetupatsix.(4)be

20、/getusedtodoingsth习惯于做某事Mygrandpaisused_(live)incountry.(5)beusedtodosth被用来做某事=beusedfordoingsthStampsisused_(post)letters.1.HowdoesJackusuallygotowork?He_driveacar,butnowhe_theretoloseweight.A.usedto;isusedtowalkB.wasusedto;isusedtowalkingC.wasusedto;isusedtowalkD.usedto;isusedtowalking2.Myparentsg

21、ettingupearlyonweekdaysA.usedtoB.beusedtoC.wasusedtoD.areusedto3.She_livealone.Butshe_livingalonebecauseshefeelslonely.A.usedto;doesntusedtoB.isusedto;wasusedtoC.usedto;isnotusedtoD.wasusedto;doesntusedto考点9：oneof.之一【结构】“oneof+the+adj.最高级+n复数”，做主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。OneofthemostpopularcolorsisredinChina.

22、1. -Whatdoyouthinkofthefilmyousawyesterday?-Oh!Itsoneof_filmsIveeverseen.A.interestingB.moreinterestingC. the mostinterestedD.themostinteresting2.DoyouknowLinShuhao?Yes.Heisoneof_basketballplayersintheNBA.A.popularB.morepopularC.themostpopular考点10：: findfoundfoundv寻找(1)findsb.doingsth发现某人做某事(2)findi

23、t+adj.+todosth发现做某事很finditdifficult/hardtodosth发现做某事很困难1.Shefound_hardtofinishtheworkbyherself.A.thatB.itsC.itD.this考点11:runranrunv跑runoutof=useup用完【区别】：runoutof其主语通常是人runout其主语通常是物1.YesterdayIusedupallthesalttocookdumpings.Ineedtobuysomenow.（同义词）A.ateupB.runoutofC.ranofD.ranoutof2. We cant live in

24、the world if water _.A.runs outB.runs out ofC.running out D.running out of考点12：sothat, so thatsothat以便，为了引导目的状语从句,从句常出现情态动词may/might.can/could等，Theboyspokeloudlysothateveryonecouldhearhimclearly.为了能赶上车，她起得很早。(目的状语从句)sothat如此.以致So+adj.+that“如此以至引导结果状语从句so后面接形容词、副词Hewassostrongthathecouldlifttheheavyb

25、ag.1. Theteacherspeaksveryloudly_allthestudentscanhearher.A.sothatB.becauseC.sinceD.when2.Somewordpuzzlesinthisbookare_difficultthat_studentscansolvethem.A.such;fewB.such;littleC.so;fewD.so;little考点13：diev.（延续性动词）bedead死，死亡deathn.死，死亡deadadj.死的dyingadj.将死的1.-ThenationalheroWuBin,abusdriver,hardlyhad

26、timetothinkabouthimselfwhenindanger.-Yes,His_isstartingtomakepeoplethinkalot.A.dieB.deathC.deadD.died考点14：mindv介意n头脑，想法，记忆【短语】makeuponesmind下定决心nevermind不要紧changeonesmind改变主意keepinmind记住【句型】Wouldyouminddoingsth你介意做某事吗？1. Wouldyoumind_moreslowly?Icantfollowyou.A.speakB.spokeC.spokenD.speaking2.Sorry,

27、sir,Imadeamistakeagain._.Practicemoreandyouwilldobetter.A.NevermindB.ImnotsureC.YourewelcomeD.Dontmentionit3.Wouldyoumindturningdownthemusic?_.A.NotatallB.NevermindC.Yes,IwillD.No,Idontmind考点15：giveup放弃giveupdoingsth=stopdoingsth放弃做某事1.Itstoohardformetobeatrail walker.Never_.Believeinyourself!A.putu

28、pB.giveupC.hurryupD.lookup2.ItwasadifficulttimeforthequakehitvictimsinYaan,buttheydidnt_hope.A.giveupB.giveoffC.giveinD.giveout考点16：.oneself 反身代词构成的短语; hurt oneself 伤了自己 by oneself 独自地，单独地 enjoy oneself 玩的愉快 for oneself 亲自，为自己 look after oneself 照顾自己 help oneself（to） 请随便（吃、喝）teach oneself =learn by

29、oneself 自学 leave sb . by oneself 把某人单独留下 阅读表达训练：根据短文内容完成以下任务： Here is a page from a magazine called Future. Read the following information about things that may happen in ten years.3. Cars will run on solar power (太阳能) and will be much cleaner. They will be much safer. For example, if you are too cl

30、ose to another car or if you are driving dangerously, your car will slow down or stop by itself.New cities will have to be built in the sea. Some of them will have two levels (层) .People will live on the upper level; the lower level will be used for traffic, shops and factories.Biotechnology (生物技术)

31、will make food better and healthier. Plants without insects or illnesses (病虫害) will be developed. 4.The taste of fruit and vegetables will be better and food will be kept longer.Many new ways to cure (治愈) illnesses will be found. People will use products of genetic engineering (基因工程产品) to cure more

32、illnesses. However, some new illnesses will appear. (一) 根据短文内容简要回答问题。1What will be made better and healthier by biotechnology?_ 2Where will new cities have to be built in the future?_ (二) 将短文中画线的英语句子译成汉语。3_4_(三) 请给短文拟一个适当的标题。5_U1作业单选：1. -Whats the matter you, Lucy? -Nothing serious. A.on B.with C.to

33、 D.of2. -I have a bad cold. -You should . A.drink some coffee B.do some exercise C.go to see a doctor D.stay up late3. -Whats the trouble? -Im not feeling . A.well B.good C.healthy D.health4. You should drink some hot tea honey. A.in B.from C.and D.with5. We have some getting to your house. A.proble

34、m B.question C.problems D.questions6. She sat in the same way for too long without , so her neck hurt. A.move B.to move C.moving D.moves7. My aunt isnt at the moment. A.feel well B.feeling well C.feeling good D.feel good8. -How is the young man? - . A.He is twenty. B.He is a doctor. C.Hes very well.

35、 D.Hes English.9. We shouldnt eat junk food. A.too many B.too much C.many too D.much too10. Everyone sometimes. A.get tired B.are tired C.gets tired D.gets tiring11. Its important in good health. A.keep B.keeping C.to keep D.keeps12. -When did your toothache start? - . A.About two days B.Two days la

36、ter C.Two days ago D.Two days before13. Did you some medicine? A.take B.eat C.drink D.get14. Could you give me ? A.an advice B.advices C.many advices D.some advices15. The boy down from the tree, luckily he wasnt hurt. A.fall B.falls C.fell D.falled16. We are very sorry to hear the of the old man. A

37、.die B.dead C.death D.dying17. Our money , so we had to walk home. A.run out B.ran out C.got out D.ran out of18. His are was caught under rock. A.a 800-kilo B.an 800-kilo C.an 800-kilos D.a 800 kilos19. -Whats the matter? -He got hit . A.in the head B.on the head C.in head D.on head20. -My father is

38、 ill in hospital. - . A.Good idea. B.It doesnt matter. C.I dont think so. D.Im sorry to hear that综合填空：A用所给词的正确形式填空。have eat stay do ill get read 1.She should _ her homework first.2.I think its easy_ a balanced diet.3.Sometimes the old woman _ tired.4.My cousin has to stay at home because of his _.5.

39、_ in bed is bad for your eyes.6.Many kids enjoy_ junk food.7,They exercise every day_ healthy.,2，用所给词的正确形式填空。fall shout save help study lie get off 1,When we past by, a woman _ for help.2,Parents all expect us _ hard.3,Wang Ping only thought about _ a life.4,The driver saw an old woman _ on the side

40、 of the road.5,The young man _ his car and asked what happened.6,We all agreed _ the poor children.7,To our surprise, she _ down quickly.3， 用所给词的正确形式填空。,cut have hurt lie get put come 1,His words_ the feelings of Chinese people.2,The knife (刀子) _ one of my feet just now.3,you should _ down and rest.

41、4,-What was the matter with her?-She _ a fever.5,The mother told her daughter_ her head back.6,I took him to the hospital _ an X-ray.7,A boy _ to your office today, Mr.Black.,4，用所给词的正确形式填空。walk climb find do smoke take lose1,He climbed down the mountain _help.2,You should give up_ , its bad for your

42、 health.3,My sister is only one year old, she has problems _ by herself.4,This is one of the exciting things about _ dangerous sports.5, After _ his arm, he wrote a book called Between a Rock and a Hard Place.6.Aron did not give up after the accident and keeps on _ mountains today.7.Aron loves mount

43、ain climbing and doesnt mind _ risks.综B 根据句意和汉语提示完成句子1. How many _ （脚）does a cat have? Four.2. Whats the matter with you? I have a _ （疼痛的）throat.3. I have a stomachache. You should _ （躺）down and rest.4. If you cut yourself, you could put some _ （药）on it.5. What should I do if I had a _ （牙疼）? You sho

44、uld see a dentist.综Cquestion, become, with, enough, problems, ourselves, should, parents, some, friendsIts important for us to keep healthy during our life time. But in fact, many people have health 1 . Many people fall ill and most children 2 heavier and heavier. However, if we care more about 3 ,

45、itll be easy for us to stay healthy. First, we must keep away from smoking and drinking. Second, we should do 4 exercise every day. Third, we shouldnt eat too much fast food. We 5 eat more fruit and vegetables and drink more water. Fourth, we must have 6 sleep. Finally, I think 7 are also important

46、for ones health. Many studies show that people always feel better when theyre 8 friends than when theyre alone. So be sure to make some friends.阅读表达：Four ways to have a good school-lifeYour schooldays should be some of the best and happiest days of your life. How can you get the most from them, and

47、make sure you do not waste this excellent chance to learn? Be active at schoolDont say things are difficult or boring. Be interested in school-life and your school subjects. Join in lots of activities. (hands, quickly, your, class, in, up, put). Go around the school with a big smile. If you are not

48、working, you are wasting your time at school. Teachers cannot make everything enjoyable.Keep fitIf you do not eat a good breakfast, you will be thinking about food in class. If you go to bed late and do not have enough sleep, you will be sleepy in class. Play enough sports every day in order to keep

49、 your body strong.Face the problemDo not say you will do things tomorrow. If you get behind the class, it is very difficult to get back in front. You cannot finish the race if you rest all the time. Everyone fails some exams, loses some matches and has bad days. Dont let small problems seem very big

50、 and important. Dont forget to ask for help. You are young; no one thinks you must do everything quite well! Dont waste time lying in bed on Saturday or Sunday morning. Go and play a sport, get together with friends in the park to relax, learn the piano, or help someone with problems. If you dont wa

51、nt to go out, there are also a lot of things to do. You may read a book, practice English or help Mother with housework.Do as I say, and have a happy school-life!1.根据短文完成句子： Having a good breakfast and having enough sleep can keep you_.2请把文中处括号内的词组成一个句子。_3请把文中处斜体部分改为含有“so that”的句子，使之与原句意思相同。 _4.请把文中处画线部分句子译成汉语。 _5请在处给出一个小标题，使之能概括出下面一段内容的大意。 _