[32084026]【寒假特训】08 语法与词汇高分秘诀-2022年高二英语寒假特训课程（上海专用）.docx

1、08 语法与词汇高分秘诀【课程目标】专题知识：针对考试题型，进行系统梳理，感悟解题方法。题型检测：链接考试真题，题型组合练，能力逐个突破。 语法填空（一）语法填空考点出题方式词性考查考点分布特别注意有提示词形容词/副词原 级1、双音节单词比较级最高级的变形2、修饰比较级最高级的词3、less/least+adj/adv情况4、双写+er的单词比较级最高级动词时态语态1、各种时态的标志词以及特征2、主动表被动情况不定式1、不定式作主宾表定状补2、动名词作主宾表定3、分词作表定状补4、各种非谓语的时态语态动名词分 词无提示词冠词定冠词/不定冠词判断语境是特指还是非特指介词搭配及其他熟练掌握固定搭配

2、以及本身用法代词人称物主代词1、复合句的从句除去关系代词仍缺成分2、反身代词不能作主语，可作宾语、表语、同位语3、代词作定语不定代词反身单词动词情态动词观察语境中暗含的情感和态度助动词/系动词倒装情况从属连词定语从句1、熟练判断各种复合句结构，掌握连接词的特定用法2、how+adj/adv情况，what+n情况，how many/much/ long.情况3、表语从句连接词as if，because名词性从句状语从句强调句并列连词并列句判断上下句之间的逻辑关系（二）语法填空考点详解1、 有提示词1）形容词/副词括号中给出形容词或副词，考查其原级比较级最高级。注意比较级有+er的，加more的，

3、还有加less的，加the least的。【考题练习】1. Disney says zootopia is its (30)_ (complex) animation yet. The extra effort is certainly paying off at the box office.2. This is not the first time scientists have tried to solve this problem. But methods they tried in the past led to band-aids that were (39)_(sticky) a

4、nd therefore didnt stay on for long.3. The smoke grew_26_ (thick) and I could see fire all around. The floor became hot under my bare feet. I found an open door and ran into a room to get to the window.【Keys】most complex less sticky thicker2）动词谓语动词：看句子有没有连词，若无连词，则要有1个谓语动词，有1个连词，则句子应该有2个谓语动词，2个连词应该有3

5、个谓语动词，若缺少则所给动词就是谓语动词；此时前看看，后看看确定时态和语态。(注意定语从句可省略宾语及宾语从句省略that情况)非谓语动词：若句中已有谓语动词，且无连词，或谓语动词数量满足“连词+1”的情况则所给动词就是非谓语动词。若是非谓语动词就要确定用不定式、动名词还是分词。 不定式to do表将来，常考作宾语、目的状语； 动名词doing 表习惯性动作，可作主宾表定状补，常考作主语、宾语； 现在分词doing 表主动、进行，可作主宾表定，常考作表语、定语、状语；过去分词done表被动、完成，可作表定状补，常考作表语、定语、状语。【考题练习】1. Being skinny is not b

6、eautiful but being healthy is. Most young people, unfortunately, (25)_(convince) that being thin, and therefore being stylish is a major way of maintaining self-worth. 2. Conservators at the Nelson-Atkins museum of art in Kansas City said they discovered the dead insect in one of its star paintings,

7、 Vincent van Goghs Olive Trees, when it (22)_ (scan) as part of the research for a catalogue of its French painting collection.3. (26)_(earn) some money to pay the daily expenses, Istarted work in a local cafas a waiter.4. When I ask him to please put down the phone and stop (37)_ (ignore) me, he sa

8、ys, In a minute, but still checks to see if somebody has posted something new on the Internet.5. But the panic that filled my shocked heart in that awful moment was for the nine cats that shared my home after (25) _ (rescue) from situations of ill-treatment and abandonment.6. There are even a number

9、 of shops (31)_ (specialize) in selling products for left-handed people, such as left-handed scissors, can openers, guitars, and even a left-handed camera.7. I was a little startled by her reply. (27) _ (not do) anything like this before, I didnt know what kind of reaction I might receive. 【Keys】are

10、 convinced was being scanned to earn ignoring being rescued specializing Not having done2、无提示词1）冠词表示泛指的“一(个,本,座)”时用不定冠词a/an，表示特指时用the。【考题练习】1. Just as I approached my car, Isaw the woman Id let have my car spotearlier. She was giving me 27_ odd lookhalf puzzled, half intent (热切的).2. I hated dinner p

11、arties. But I decided to give them another try because Im in London. And my friend Mallery invited me. And because (26)_dinner parties in London are very different fromthose in New York.【Keys】an the2）介词句子不缺主语、表语、动词后不缺宾语的情况下，名词或代词前面，一定是填介词。常用介词：in, on, at, to, from, of, off, under, above, below, over

12、, across, through, beyond, behind, beside, between, among, near, up, down, along, around, before, after, since, for, against, besides, except, by, with, without, about, as, like, during, into, throughout, until, within, toward, past, despite, regardless of, in spite of, because of, due to, owing to,

13、 thanks to, except for, apart from, other than, such as, according to, instead of, rather than, as well as, in addition to, 【考题练习】1. Before she could react, I gave her a big hug and told her she didnt need to keep it a secret (31)_ me. 2. (25)_ immense differences in cultures, heroes around the worl

14、d generally share a number of characteristics that instruct and inspire people.3. When you win, the good way is to be a politeand generous winner. Sportsmanship means admitting victories (39)_ putting your opponents to shame and letting victoriesspeak for themselves, that is, being quietly proud of

15、success. 【Keys】from Despite without3）代词当句子缺主语、宾语或定语时，填代词。前后看,是指人、事物；指男、指女,单数、复数；还是填形式主语或形式宾语的it。(注意定语从句可省略作宾语的关系代词,宾语从句可省略that情况，反身代词不能做主语，可做宾语和同位语情况等)主要考察：人称代词we, you, her, it, they等；物主代词my, their, yours, hers等；反身代词himself, themselves等；指示代词this, these, that, those;不定代词 everything, something, anythi

16、ng, nothing, everyone, someone, everybody, somebody, anybody, nobody, both, either, neither, all, none, each, others, the other, another, the others, one, the one(s).【考题练习】1. But they changed the story because they found the animal world especially interesting. They said to 26_something like this, “

17、Whats this world like? Whats the history of this world?”2. Alan also suffered from heart attack, whichcost the family much. One thing led to _30_, and they found themselves in a financial disaster. 3. In remembering the small things his father did forhim and his family, such as lighting a fire in th

18、e morning and polishing his shoes, the speaker begins to understandan aspect of parental love that escaped _36_ notice in the past.【Keys】themselves another his4）情态动词和助动词若结构较完整，空格在主语和谓语动词之间且动词是原形，一般是填情态动词或表示强调或倒装的助动词(do, does, did等)。【考题练习】1. At the same time, melting sea ice also release more ocean w

19、ater, which result in increased water vapor in the atmosphere that (39) _ be transferred into snow.2. Not until Ireturned 32. _ Irealize that a quiet town life was the best for me.3. In my opinion, it is possible for you to find some real good friends with the help of new technology but you (28) _ _

20、 take care.【Keys】can did haveto/ ought to5）从属连词若两句之间没有连词，也没有分号或句号，一般填从属连词。强调句：It is.that.定语从句: 关代：that, which, who, whom, whose, as; 关副：when, where, why名词性从句: 从属连词：that, if/whether, because, as if; 关代：what, who, whom, whose, which, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever; 关副：when, where, how, why, wh

21、enever, wherever, however 状语从句: 时间when, while, as, before, after, every/each time, as soon as, the moment/minute, hardlywhen, no soonerthan, since, once, until； 地点where, wherever； 原因because, as, since, now that； 目的in order that, so that, in case, for fear that； 结果so that, so/suchthat； 比较than, asas,

22、the morethe more； 让步although, though, even if/though, while, as, no matter what/ who/when, whatever., whetheror； 方式as, as if/though； 条件if, unless, as long as【考题练习】1. Perhaps (30)_ my mother had told me was deeply rooted in my mind. I just did as she had expected.2. Its taken a long time for women to

23、 realize (39)_important strength training is, but once they try it, they will be hooked.3. The man took off, but instead of running out of the back door (29)_he came in, he accidentally ran into the garageand was seized there.4. Many pointed to the fact that they are constantly having to provide for

24、 their grown-up children at an age (36)_ they assumed they should be financially independent.5. _27_much they earned, it never seemed to be enough.6. (31)_ a household was expecting guest, large amounts of food were prepared in advance, usually by the women.【Keys】what how where when However When6）并列

25、连词若两个或三个单词、短语或句子之间设空，可能是填并列连词。并列连词：and, but, or, so, for, yet, then, however, therefore, while, eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also, notbut【考题练习】1. The road had been cleared, (33)_itwas still dangerously icy. Despite the slippery road.2. Homegrown Hamilton, a coffee chain of Canada, has decided t

26、o join the effort. “Its a fantastic initiative (25) _we decided to help out. 3. It is (34)_ because were not making time or because our priorities are not what we actually need.【Keys】but so either（三）两个空和三个空的填法【考题练习】1. White usually means something good. A “white color” job, for example, is the kind

27、of job many people seek. It is a job where you work at a desk, using your brain _30_ _your muscles.2. Recently, the Womens Sports Foundation has discovered that sports offer some extra benefits for girls (33) _ _having fun and getting fit.3. _ _ _ busy you are, you can fit self care into your schedu

28、le.4. (33)_ _ the traditional family of Japan is strong, divorce still went up quickly between 1980 and 1995.【Keys】instead of in addition to No matter how Even though/Even if 词汇填空词性考察考点分析做题技巧名词1、主要考察名词作主语和宾语2、注意名词也可作前置定语1、先判断方框单词的词性词义，注意一词多性和一词多义。2、精读第一句，掌握文章主题。3、根据语法知识确定被填入空格词的词性，缩小范围。4、根据文章理解确定答案。

29、5、仔细检查，最终敲定答案。动词do/does形式：1、句子缺少一个谓语动词，可根据“谓语动词数=连词数+1”规则判断2、注意三单和动词及物不及物doing形式：1、可能是动名词和现在分词2、动名词主要考察作主语、宾语3、现在分词主要考察作表语、定语、状语、宾补，注意分词短语作后置定语情况done形式：1、可能是谓语动词过去式、被动语态及过去分词2、若空格前有be动词，要根据句意判断是被动还是表状态的过去分词3、过去分词主要考察作表语、定语、状语、宾补，注意分词短语作后置定语情况，注意单个过去分词作后置定语的情况，如：left，saved，remained，gained等形容词单个形容词作前置

30、定语，形容词短语作后置定语副词句子结构完整时用副词，位置可放句首，句中，句末 课堂典例Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the othe

31、r blanks, use one word that best fits each bank.Star Eating Purple for Your HealthEat a rainbow of colours often, as dietitians are fond of saying-and with good reason. Eating a variety of colourful food provides vitamins and minerals that cant (1)_ (replace) with supplement to nourish your body.Acc

32、ording to experts from Whole Foods, a food company in the United States, who examined consumer behaviour globally across 465 stores, our plates look very colourful this year, (2) _ purple foods particularly popular. This is indeed the case. (3)_ (walk) through any supermarket and you will find richl

33、y-coloured purple foods are popping on the shelves.The purple food trend in the market is unsurprising. (4) _ (give) how health-conscious, people are becoming in recent years. People have long known (5)_ the darker the colour of food, the higher the contents of antioxidants(抗氧化剂） and nutrients will

34、be and the (6)_ (healthy) the food. In fact, they are inspired to eat more purple foods because a study found that those who ate purple fruits and vegetables regularly often have low cholesterol(胆固醇）and a reduced risk of getting blood pressure.Research shows that these foods get their purple colour

35、from anthocyanins( 花青素），(7) _ have been linked with antioxidants and anti-aging properties in the body. Purple foods help promote bone health, and have also been shown (8)_ (lower) the risk of some cancers and improve memory. Take purple sweet potatoes for example. (9) _ the standard sweet potato is

36、 packed with health benefits of its own, the purple sweet potato is even better for us. Of course, you (10)_ not switch to only eating purple foods. Eating a variety of colourful foods every day is the best. But do include purple ones!【答案】 1. be replaced 2.with 3. Walk 4. given 5. that 6. healthier

37、7. which 8. to lower 9.While 10. should【分析】1. 由句意可知，“吃颜色丰富的食物能为我们提供维他命和矿物质，这些是补充物所不能替代的”，此空是定语从句，且表示被动。所以填be replaced。2. 此空考查with的复合结构，在这里作伴随状语。“今年我们的盘子颜色特别鲜艳，尤以紫色的食物更为受欢迎。”3. 由前后句意，“行走在任何一家超市，你会发现颜色丰富的紫色食物充斥着货架。”考查“祈使句+and+含一般将来时的陈述句”这一基本句型，所以填Walk. 4. 考查非谓语（之过去分词）的用法。由句意“紫色食物的潮流屡见不鲜，考虑到近几年来人们有多么地注

38、重健康。” 考查“Given （that）.”，表示“考虑到，假定，已知”。5. 考查宾语从句。从句中不缺任何充分，所以填that。6. 考查”the+比较级，the+比较级“这一句型，句意为：食物的颜色越深，它的抗氧化剂和营养就会越高，食物也会越健康。所以填healthier. 7. 考查非限制性定语从句，对前面的专有名词anthocyanins( 花青素）进行补充说明。所以填which。8. 考查非谓语动（之不定式）的用法。由句意，“紫色食物被表明能降低患癌症的风险，提升记忆力。”appear/seem/report/say/ show等动词后一般接不定式。9. 考查连词。由句意：尽管标准

39、的（一般化的）甜土豆含有自身的营养价值，紫色的甜土豆对我们而言就更好了。表示两种情况的对比，所以填While。10. 考查情态动词。由句意：你不应该一味地只吃紫色食物，每天吃丰富多样的食物才是最好的。表示按道理应该去做某事，所以填情态动词should。Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. chance B

40、. craze C. drawn D. founded AB. presence AC. modernized AD. mistaken BC. alive BD. promoted CD. enthusiasts ABC. engagePutting up her hair in a bun adorned with an elaborate hairpin and wearing a long gown with embroidery and loose sleeves, 19-year-old Chen Xi might be _16_ for a time traveler from

41、centuries ago if not for her face mask and cellphone.I was _17_ by the beauty of hanfu in costume dramas at the very beginning. They looked fairy-like, and I really liked it, she said. Fascinated by this special garment, many young Chinese like me become more interested in traditional Chinese cultur

42、e, customs and music.In 2018, the number of hanfu fans reached 2.04 million, up 72.9 percent year on year, according to a report on Chinas hanfu industry released by iiMedia Research, a Chinese consulting agency. A few years earlier, whenever Chen put on hanfu and walked on the street, passers-by ga

43、ve her weird looks. Now things are different. Hanfu has seen a growing and more visible _18_ in the daily life of China.If you walk through the streets and parks in cities such as Hangzhou or Kunming, you may _19_ upon an individual dressed in the sweeping ropes, crossed collars and wide sleeves of

44、hanfu. Dressed in this way, they aim to keep the apparel and the rich culture behind it _20_.Liu Dan, 43, put on his first hanfu suit and stepped out onto the street in 2006 when he returned from overseas to Kunming, the capital city of Southwest Chinas Yunnan province. He said the hanfu_21_ started

45、 in the early 2000s on online forums and websites, but now the fashion has jumped out of the screen and onto the streets.In 2007, Liu, with an educational background in software engineering, _22_ the Yunnan Hanfu Association. The number of hanfu _23_ in the association has grown from fewer than 10 t

46、o more than 10,000. Each weekend, they meet up for themed activities. Amid the COVID-19 epidemic, Liu has moved these cultural activities online.Many companies have cashed in on the upsurge in hanfu popularity. E-commerce giant Alibaba and livestreaming platform Huya both have launched apps to _24_

47、hanfu fans and thereby nurture online shopping sales.Experts believe the resurgence of hanfu, like traditional songs and poems, is part of a larger trend to prize tradition, as the increasingly wealthy and _25_ Chinese society sets off to reconnect with its cultural roots.【答案】16. AD 17. C 18. AB 19.

48、 A 20. BC 21. B 22. D 23. CD 24. ABC 25. AC【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如今流行的汉服文化，介绍了其流行情况、发展历程以及影响。专家认为，随着日益富裕和现代化的中国社会开始与其文化根源重新联系起来，汉服的复兴，就像传统歌曲和诗歌一样，是重视传统的更大趋势的一部分。【16题详解】考查动词。句意：19岁的陈曦盘着发髻，用精致的发夹发饰，身穿绣花宽松袖子长袍，如果不是因为她的面具和手机，人们可能会误认为她是几个世纪前的时间旅行者。根据“Putting up her hair in a bun adorned with an elaborate ha

49、irpin and wearing a long gown with embroidery and loose sleeves”可知，结合句意表示“被误认为”可知短语为be mistaken for。故填mistaken。故选AD。【17题详解】考查动词。句意：一开始我就被古装剧里汉服的美吸引住了。根据“by the beauty of hanfu in costume dramas at the very beginning”可知。此处句意表示“吸引”可知应填动词draw，且此处主语与谓语动词构成被动关系，结合上文was可知为一般过去时的被动语态。be drawn by“被吸引”。故填dra

50、wn。故选C。【18题详解】考查名词。句意：汉府在中国的日常生活中的存在感越来越强，越来越明显。根据上文“a growing and more visible”可知应填单数名词，全额表示“存在”应用名词presence。故填presence。故选AB。【19题详解】考查固定短语。句意：如果你走在杭州或昆明等城市的街道和公园里，你可能会偶然发现一个穿着汉服的人，穿着汉服的宽袖、横领和扫绳。结合句意表示“偶然发现”可知短语为chance upon。置于情态动词之后原形。故填chance。故选A。【20题详解】考查形容词。句意：这样的着装，是为了让服装及其背后的丰富文化保持活力。结合句意表示“让保持

51、活力”可知短语为keep sth. alive。alive作宾语补足语。故填alive。故选BC。【21题详解】考查名词。句意：他说，汉服风潮始于21世纪初的网络论坛和网站，但现在，汉服风潮已走出荧屏，走上街头。结合句意表示“风潮，狂热”可知应填名词craze，作宾语从句的主语，且为不可数名词。故填craze。故选B。【22题详解】考查动词。句意：2007年，拥有软件工程教育背景的刘汉创办了云南汉服协会。根据“ the Yunnan Hanfu Association. ”此处句意表示“创办”可知应用动词found，且结合In 2007可知应用一般过去时。故填founded。故选D。【23题详

52、解】考查名词。句意：汉服爱好者协会的人数从不足10人增长到1万多人。根据“from fewer than 10 to more than 10,000.”可知，此处句意表示“爱好者”可知应填名词enthusiast，且上文为“the number of+复数名词”结构。故填enthusiasts。故选CD。【24题详解】考查动词。句意：电商巨头阿里巴巴和直播平台虎雅都推出了应用，以吸引汉服粉丝，从而促进网购销售。结合句意表示“吸引”可知影音动词engage，且此处为不定式作目的状语，上文已有不定式符号to，应填动词原形。故填engage。故选ABC。【25题详解】考查形容词。句意：专家认为，随

53、着日益富裕和现代化的中国社会开始与其文化根源重新联系起来，汉服的复兴，就像传统歌曲和诗歌一样，是重视传统的更大趋势的一部分。根据“wealthy”可知，修饰后文名词society应用形容词，且表示“现代化的”应用modernized。故填modernized。故选AC。 实战演练Section AChinese teachers in U.K . Spark Debate.Many people in Britain say the nations own education system needs to improve after a BBC documentary about Chine

54、se teaching methods sparked fierce debate.The documentary , are our kids tough enough？chines school,(31) (broadcast) on Tuesday evening, focused on Bohunt School in hemisphere. Southwest of London, (32) five Chinese teachers were recruited to teach 50 ninth-graders for a month using the same teachin

55、g methods they apply in Chinese.The documentary also sparked fierce discussion online. Before and after it was broadcast, it had already become one of the top topics on twitter, with many education specialists(33) （comment）.Many British Twitter users complained not about the Chinese teachers,(34) ab

56、out their own countrys education system.“They are right, British education has gone soft. Teachers are used and students have no discipline,” twitter user dkenstone said. One the BBC site, a debate（35） (title) “what can British people learn from the Chinese education system?” became especially popul

57、ar. One twitter user commented, “if British schools in the main, are places of constant supply entertainment to pupils (at break time and during lessons alike) then the name of these institutions（36） be changed from schools to something else, maybe comedy clubs instead of schools-where the chief clo

58、wn is normally the head teacher.” Kathryn James, deputy general secretary of the national Association of head teachers in Britain, defended the British school system and said it had adventures（37） over chinas. “it is always helpful for school leaders to learn from different systems.” she said. Howev

59、er, student autonomy, questioning and the development of skills to allow students to think of themselves key elements in British pedagogical approaches -do not appear to be part of the Chinese approach.（38） teachers involved in the program take lessons from the experiment, no doubt the Chinese teach

60、ers featured will also learn from the UKs approach to（39） (teach). Richard Spencer, a correspondent for the daily Telegraph（40） lived in a china for six years with his children attending schools in the country, wrote in a column: “Chinese education is not, of course, perfect.one of the curiosities l

61、eaving a British where everyone worried about the state of our schools was to find the same is everywhere, even in China.” 31. 【参考答案】broadcast【思路解析】此处是同位语从句，broadcast是名词，广播、电视节目的意思。32. 【参考答案】where【思路解析】此处是定语从句，先行词是Bohunt school , 又因为从句缺少的是地点状语，所以填关系副词“where”。33. 【参考答案】commenting【思路解析】该处考察with的复合结构，因

62、为教育专家跟评论之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词形式表主动。34. 【参考答案】but【思路解析】notbut意为“不是.而是”35. 【参考答案】titled【思路解析】此处的title是动词，意为加标题，赋予头衔。Debate跟title是被动关系，所以填过去分词形式。36. 【参考答案】should【思路解析】此处是条件状语从句，从句说的是如果学校成了娱乐的主要场所，那这些机构的名称不应该叫做学校，而应该改为其它的称呼，所以此处填情态动词should.37. 【参考答案】over【思路解析】have advantages over相当于比较级，优于，比有优势。38. 【参考答案】As【思路

63、解析】因为模仿中国教育也会产生一些弊端，所以随着老师们在实验中不断吸取经验，毫无疑问，未来中国教师也会向英国教育方法学习。所以填As.39. 【参考答案】teaching【思路解析】approach是方式，方法的意思，approach to sth. 意为 。的方法。此处不是不定式，to是介词，所以接teaching。40. 【参考答案】who【思路解析】此处是定语从句，先行词是Richard Spencer是先行词，在从句中做主语，所以填who.Section BDirections: After reading the passage and the sentences below, fi

64、ll in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one more word than you need.A. bind B. exact C. intently D. covers E. alert F. instantlyG. remains H. springs I. attack J. identify K. triggeredAntibodies play a key role in the immune system. T

65、hey begin the process of getting rid of the invaders that may cause harm or infection. This lesson _11_how antibodies work and the different kinds of antibodies.What Are Antibodies?Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins, are Y-shaped proteins that are produced by the immune system to help stop in

66、truders from harming the body. When an intruder enters the body, the immune system _12_into action. These invaders, which are called antigens (抗原), can be viruses, bacteria, or other chemicals. When an antigen is found in the body, the immune system will create antibodies to mark the antigen for the

67、 body to destroy.FunctionThe antibodies act sort of like the immune systems scouts. They find antigens, stick to them, and _13_for the immune system the _14_type of antigen so that it can be destroyed. Each antibody is made for one and only one antigen, and its fitted with special receptors that wil

68、l only _15_to that antigen. For instance, a specific antibody is created to help destroy the chickenpox virus. Only that particular antibody will attack a chickenpox virus.How Antibodies Fight AntigensSo what happens when an antigen tries to enter the body? When it does, the immune system is _16_. C

69、hemical signals are sent to _17_all the different parts of the immune system into action.First, the virus is met by a type of cell called B cells. The B cells are responsible for creating antibodies to match the antigen. Remember, each type of antibody matches to only one antigen. After the B cells

70、have created their antibodies, the antibodies stick to the virus, marking it for the next round of _18_. T cells are then ordered to attack the antigen that the antibodies have marked for it.After the antigen has been destroyed, the cleanup crew comes along. A wave of phagocytes large cells that can

71、 consume foreign matter, eats the _19_of the infection.ImmunizationsAfter an infection is defeated, the antibodies still remain in the body. They are left there to wait in case that particular antigen returns. Immunizations take advantage of the fact that antibodies remain in the body after an infec

72、tion is eradicated. Most immunizations consist of a weak or diluted form of an antigen-not enough of the antigen to make the patient sick, but just enough to trigger the creation of antibodies. This way, the body can_20_attack any form of the infection it encounters, stopping the infections before t

73、hey begin.【答案】11. D 12. H 13. J 14. B 15. A 16. K 17. E 18. I 19. G 20. F【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了抗体、抗体功能及其作用等。【11题详解】考查动词。句意：这节课包括抗体是如何工作的以及不同种类的抗体。此处缺乏谓语动词，动词covers（包括、覆盖）符合句意。故选D项。【12题详解】考查动词。句意：当入侵者进入人体时，免疫系统就会迅速行动起来。此处缺乏谓语动词，spring into（行动起来），动词springs（跃、突然猛烈地移动）符合句意。故选H项。【13题详解】考查动词。句意：他们找到抗原，粘住他们，为免疫

74、系统识别出确切的抗原类型，以便将其摧毁。此处缺乏谓语动词，与and前面的谓语find和stick to并列，动词identify（识别）符合句意。故选J项。【14题详解】考查形容词。句意：他们找到抗原，粘住他们，为免疫系统识别出确切的抗原类型，以便将其摧毁。此处用形容词作定语修饰名词type，形容词exact（确切的）符合句意。故选B项。【15题详解】考查动词。句意：每一种抗体都是针对一种抗原而制备的，它配备了只与抗原结合的特殊受体。助动词will 后接动词原形，动词bind（结合）符合句意。故选A项。【16题详解】考查被动语态。句意：一旦发生，免疫系统就会被触发。此处缺乏谓语动词，被动语态（

75、be done），此处用过去分词，过去分词triggered（触发）符合句意。故选K项。【17题详解】考查动词。句意：化学信号被发送来警告免疫系统的所有不同部分采取行动。此处是动词不定式（to do），此处用动词原形形式，动词alert（向报警）符合句意。故选E项。【18题详解】考查名词。句意：在B细胞产生抗体后，抗体会粘附在病毒上，为下一轮攻击做好准备。the next round of _名词所有格，此处用名词形式，名词attack（攻击）符合句意。故选I项。【19题详解】考查名词。句意：一波吞噬细胞能吞噬异物，吞噬感染残余物。the _of the infection是名词所有格，此处用名词形式，名词remains（剩余物、残留物）符合句意。故选G项。【20题详解】考查副词。句意：这样，身体可以立即攻击它遇到的任何形式的感染，在感染开始之前阻止它们。此处用副词作状语修饰动词attack，副词instantly（立即）符合句意。故选F项。