【春季课外拓展】12：概要写作之记叙文 能力综合练-2022年高二春季课外拓展精品讲义15讲（上海）.docx

1、 第十二讲 概要写作之记叙文+能力综合练 词汇打卡考纲词汇默写121.松的；松弛的 adj. loose2.卡车 n. lorry3.忠诚的 adj. loyal4.行李 n. luggage5.奢侈 n. luxury6.肺 n. lung7.机器（总称） n. machinery8.女仆，女佣 n. maid9.大陆 n. mainland10.大厦；大楼 n. mansion11.行军；行进 v. march12.海洋的 adj. marine13.结婚；婚姻 n. marriage14.杰作 n. masterpiece15.最大量 n. maximum16.陷入沉思 (be) los

2、t in thought17.茫然不知所措 at a loss18.碰碰运气 try ones luck19.主修服装设计 major in fashion design20. 大多数学生 a majority of students21.弥补失去的时间 make up for the lost time22.设法做到某事 manage to do sth.23.这个部门的总经理 the general manager in this department24.在地图上 on the map25.A 嫁给了B A married B26.A 在大小上与B匹敌 A matches B in si

3、ze27.很可能做某事 may/might well do sth.28. 意味着做某事 mean doing sth.29.旨在 be meant to do/ for or be intended to do/for30.入不敷出 beyond ones means1. 技工；机械工 n. mechanic2. 奖牌；纪念章 n. medal3. 中间的；中等的；适中的 adj. medium4. 值得纪念的 adj. memorable 5. 精神的；智力的；内心的 adj. mental6. 金属 n. metal7.军事的 adj. military 8.百万富翁；大富翁 n. mi

4、llionaire 9. 矿物 n. mineral 10.减去 prep. minus11.部长；牧师 n. minister12.痛苦；悲惨的境遇 nmisery13.适度的；中等的；温和的 adj. moderate14.谦虚的 adj. modest15.监控；监测；密切注视 v. monitor16.采取措施 take measures to do sth.17.服药 take medicine18. 机械工程mechanical engineering 19.医学治疗 medical treatment20.作为对那个通讯员的纪念 in memory of the messenge

5、r21.注意缝隙 mind the gap22.任由那个女主人处置 at the mercy of the mistress23.记住我们的使命 bear/keep our mission in mind24. 一个活奇迹 a walking miracle25. 过着悲惨的生活 live/lead a miserable life26. 轻度损伤minor injuries 27. 错把你的伞当成了我的 mistake your umbrella for mine 28. 毫不迟疑 without a moments hesitation29. 好几百万 several million30.

6、而且，此外还有 whats more专题精选 概要写作（1）记叙文概要写作技巧 记叙文(Narration)：找出时间(when),地点(where),什么人(who),做了什么事(what),为什么做(why),结果怎么样(how)六要素。其中,最重要的要点是某人(who)做了何事(what)。若是夹叙夹议的文章,还要加上作者的看法、观点、经验或感悟。1.叙事性的记叙文(Narration)。叙事性的记叙文的主要内容的概括主要抓住记叙文的几个要素：时间、地点、人物、事件和影响或后果。2. 写人的记叙文（Description）。写人的记叙文总结要点主要抓住人物的主要特点或事迹，划出关键词（所

7、谓关键词是文中反复出现的体现主题或关联的词）。（五）记叙文概要写作模板 记叙文体的阅读材料，相比其他文体而言，写概要相对容易。在写概要前，除明确文章主题外，还应抓住六个要素：when, where, who, what, why, how。在这六个要素中，所占内容比重最大的是what。一般来说，记叙文的故事概要可以用这样的模板来表示：记叙文：what / who / when / where / why / how Who did what bybecause当然，不是说每个故事概要都包含how或why，有时两者选其一即可。（六）记叙文概要写作样文展示Directions: Read the

8、following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Meet The Member Who Quit SugarWhen I was 15, I weighed 100 kg.I was a size 20+ and hated the way I looked. I was a serial big eater and quite depressed. I w

9、ould sit in front of the fridge, eat something, move to the cupboard, eat a packet of chips, and move back to the fridge.It was a heartbreaking cycle of hate and food. I didnt feel confident, pretty, or worthwhile.Shopping made me cry, I avoided mirrors, and my social life came to an end. I actually

10、 lost friends because they told me I was antisocial. It became so bad that I wanted to abuse myself; my skin and my mind became my enemy. But then, I turned my life around. I quit sugar.It started with my mum. She staged an intervention (干预) that made me cry. I wanted to change - Ineededto change -

11、and she could see how unhappy I was.She put me onto a diet that mostly aimed to schedule meals, and - to my shock horror - cut out all processed sugar. It was so hard at first. I remember the shame of sneaking chocolate and candies when the three oclock hunger hits.But the weeks kept coming and it j

12、ust got easier. I stopped eating sugar, and I stopped loving it; simple as that.I substituted chips and biscuits for fruit and nuts, and had cup-of-soups after school when I was hit by the desire. I also had more energy, having a 20-minute walk with my dog into my everyday routine; I began to love t

13、hat personal time.Cutting out sugar gave me so much more control over my body, and my outlook on life improved. So many people are intimidated by the words “quit sugar”. Its not true. Fruit, honey, et cetera are natural sugars, and believe me, they fuel you better than chocolate bars ever could.Now

14、Im 17, turning 18, and I weigh 70 kg. I still struggle with my weight, but this is where I sit naturally, and I am very proud of myself. I never thought I would be confident enough to wear dresses or skirts, and take leadership roles to put myself out there and develop my social skills.I could never

15、 have done it without the support of my friends and family, and I urge everyone who wants to do right by themselves and change their diet - quitting sugar or otherwise - to share their decision with people. Develop a support network, online or offline, which can offer you advice or pick you up when

16、youre down. And I can assure you, from my own personal experience, your body will thank you, and you will thank yourself too.做题步骤：Step 1：细读全文，明确主题。 本文主要是关于作者如何戒糖和减肥。Step 2：划分要点。记叙文注意是找who / what / when / where / why / how who：the author what: quit sugar, lose weight when/why: 文中划线处 where: 无需强调 how:

17、with her mothers help and change her dietStep 3：标主题句或关键词。 已在文中用横线标出每段主题句。Step 4：概括。After experiencing a lot of heartbreaking moments due to her overweight, the author made up her mind to go diet by quitting sugar. She turned to her mother and healthy food. After struggling with her weight and sugar-

18、eating habit, now she has lost 30 kg and feels much better than ever before. Her experience is to take action and support. SummaryDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible.I

19、 took a trip to a big lake in Indonesia with my family two years ago. It was really a huge lake with beautiful scenery all around. People were amazed by the endless view in front of our eyes. Later on, unlike other girls, I volunteered to go water-skiing alone. I put on the life jacket, got on the m

20、otorboat immediately and started my engine as soon as possible.The lake seemed broad and endless. I was so thrilled(激动) to enjoy my trip among the mountains and waters that I sped my motorboat. Then, after some time, I found myself in the middle of the endless lake. A sudden fear came around me. I d

21、idnt know where I was or even how far I had gone from the shore. What was worse, it began to rain and it became very cold and foggy. I rode everywhere but couldnt find my way back. It was useless for me to cry or shout for help. I was so terrified that I began to think about all kinds of horrible th

22、ings. After floating on the water helplessly and hopelessly for a long time, suddenly I heard someone calling my name. Soon, a big steamboat sailed to me and they pulled me up to the deck and asked me if I was hurt. I couldnt say a word but cried in my fathers arms.【写作指导】根据文本内容，这是一篇故事类的记叙文，要求对其进行概要写

23、作。因此，我们先找出记叙文的六要素：Whentwo years agoWherea trip to a big lake in IndonesiaWho“I”, the writerWhatgot lost; was foundWhygo water-skiing alone; too thrilledResultfather came to her rescue列出了要点之后，我们就可以用自己的话将要点组织起来，概括成一段约60词的通顺概要：【参考范文】The passage tells us the writers experience of adventure. Once the wri

24、ter was on a trip to a lake where she went water-skiing alone. She was so excited and enjoyed herself that soon she got lost. Fortunately, her father finally came to her rescue. SummaryDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it

25、is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible.Yesterday Matt was sick.I picked up Archie from the sitter and Eloise from school and decided to run to Target for a few things.I had hoped to be in and out quickly.I found a line with just one person ahead of me and began organizing my items on

26、the conveyor.After placing my items，I looked up to see that the person ahead of me was an elderly woman. She was paying for her items with change and wanted to purchase each separately.I was frustrated with this woman and the inconvenience she had placed on me.But then I watched the young employee w

27、ith this woman.I watched him help her count her change，ever so softly taking it from her shaking hands. When she asked if she had enough to buy a reusable bag，he told her she did and went two lines over to get one for her and then repackaged her items.Never once was this employee angry.He was nothin

28、g but patient and kind.As I was watching him，I saw that Eloise was too.She was standing next to the woman，watching the employee count the change.I realized I hadnt been inconvenienced at all.That my daughter was instead witnessing kindness and patience and being taught this valuable lesson by a comp

29、lete stranger.When the woman was finished，the employee began ringing up my items and thanked me for my patience.I then thanked him for teaching us patience and kindness by his treatment of that elderly woman.When he was finished I pushed my cart through the store trying to find the manager.I wanted

30、her to know of the employees kindness and patience and how much it meant to me.After tracking her down and sharing the story with her，we left Target with a cart full of consumable items，but what is more，a heart full of gratitude for such an invaluable lesson.If you are ever in the Glendale Target，gi

31、ve Ishmael a smile and a nod.The world could use more people like him.【写作指导】要写好记叙文的概要，先要找到以下两个问题的答案：(1)谁做了什么？(2)结果如何？如果是夹叙夹议文，还要加上这个故事给人们的启示或教育意义。就该题而言，本文的概要应该包含：作者购物的时间、地点、结果以及从本次购物中得到的启示，最后用自己的语言串联起来。【参考范文】The passage tells us an experience of shopping.(要点1)One day，the author with two children wen

32、t to Target for shopping.(要点2)While waiting in line, she found an old lady was troublesome, but the young employee treated her patiently.(要点3)Seeing that, the author was touched by his kindness and patience and she thought her children would learn a lot from this experience.(要点4)SummaryDirections: R

33、ead the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible.Last year my company was brought by a large corporation and most of the managers lost their jobs. That was when i decided to do something Id alw

34、ays wanted to do-become a freelance writer(自由作家）. Changing professions has meant that my lifestyle has changed in a number of ways. I work about as much as I did before-between 45 and 50 hours a week- but my schedule is much less fixed than it used to be. Before, I worked from 8 am to 5 pm, everyday

35、, with a few extra hours on weekends. Now, however, I work when I feel like it. For instance, sometimes I work until midnight or 2.am, then sleep until noon. I really prefer this kind of schedule. While I was working as a manager, I never exercised. I already felt tired after work, so I just came ho

36、me in the evening and watched TV. However, last year I joined a health club and began to do regular exercise. As a result I have lost over 10 pounds and I feel much better, Ive also started to eat more healthfully. I used to eat a lot of fast food, but now I do my own shopping. I buy lots of fruits

37、and vegetables and cook them at home.Of course, not all the changes have been that easy. For example, I dont feel as safe financially as used to. When I was working as a manager. I never worried much about money. I could always count on getting my paycheck every two weeks. Working freelance, I dont

38、have a regular paycheck. So now I have to make sure that theres enough money until the next check arrives.【参考范文】After the author quit his previous job and became a freelance writer. Some changes his life. The work schedule became more flexible. He has also done more exercise and ate healthy. But he

39、might not get regular wages. He found that the present lifestyle is suitable for him.能力综合练 一、完型填空Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.【2019新中期中】How important is

40、a degree for a career? Do you need a degree in order to fulfill your dreams?There are some careers for which formal training and a degree is a(n) _41_ must. Would you be willing to see a doctor who hadnt _42_ the mechanics of the human body? How about _43_ an architect to build your house who had ne

41、ver seen a floor plan before? I didnt think so. So if you want to become a doctor, and architect, an accountant, an engineer, a dentist or any of those jobs for which _44_ skills are needed, then the answer to the question above is straightforward. Its very important! But for most people, _45_ aspir

42、ations (抱负) are vague and many of us do a degree in a subject we are good at in the hope that all will become _46_. A university degree can make you _47_. Today, the job market is _48_. There are lots of people competing for the jobs _49_ and how is an employer to choose? If you have a university de

43、gree and have spent time learning and educating yourself, this is attractive to a potential _50_. Furthermore, _51_ enriching activities (particularly being involved in a team) while at university can show that you are a team player, which can be very important in the world of work.During your unive

44、rsity degree you will learn much more than simple facts. You will learn about yourself, it can _52_ you for situations in your future that could _53_ be discouraging. You will need to learn to work and live with others, you will have access to world experts and be given the _54_ to develop special s

45、kills and qualities you might never have known you had! Its an opportunity for great personal _55_ but it also teaches you discipline.41. A. relativeB. variousC. secondaryD. absolute42. A. learntB. taughtC. managedD. suffered43. A. dismissingB. practicingC. employingD. persuading44. A. highly-paid B

46、. highly-specializedC. highly-regardedD. highly- organized45. A. strongB. politicalC. commonD. professional46. A. clearB. vagueC. efficientD. convenient47. A. give outB. bring outC. stand outD. wear out48. A. necessaryB. toughC. inspiringD. enormous49. A. accessibleB. advisableC. sensibleD. availabl

47、e50. A. competitorB. colleagueC. employerD. advisor51. A. engaging inB. dropping inC. looking intoD. running into52. A. allowB. prepareC. provideD. mistake53. A. furthermoreB. henceC. otherwiseD. therefore54. A. circumstanceB. situationC. presentationD. method55. A. talentB. career C. dreamD. growth

48、【答案】41-45. DACBD 46-50. ACBDC 51-55. ABCDA 二、十一选十Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.【2020封浜期末】A. fighting B. immediately C. amazed D. results E. annoyed F. figuring G. admire H. rar

49、ely I. fears J. valued K. connected Love My BoyMy son, Tyler, is loving and brilliant, but he doesnt know when hes being too loud or talking too much. He cant read facial expressions to tell when somebody is sad, curious, or bored. Ive watched adults respond to Tyler with _24_ looks or pity. Fathers

50、 and sons dont always know how to talk to one another, which is why we have sports, but Tyler didnt like athletics. My wife Lori and I believed that Tyler needed the exercise. We also felt he needed to be part of a team. At school, he was _25_ academically and socially. One playdate (玩伴相约) _26_ led

51、to a second. He had few hobbies or interests and stuck to those he had: visiting bookstores; playing video games; building Lego models; and watching TV shows about animals, U.S. history. When Tyler was 12, Lori was watching the TV show Parenthood one night, and she recognized our son in the characte

52、r of Max Braverman. “Watch the show,” She said. I did. Suddenly, it seemed clear what was wrong with our boy. Lori found Mittie Quinn, a psychologist, who gave Tyler tests. Later, my wife and I walked into Quinns office to hear the _27_ that Tyler had a pretty classic case of Aspergers (幼儿孤独症). It w

53、as time for me and Lori to do some work. Lori, the true hero of this story, started action _28_. First, the hardest thing was _29_ out how to help Tyler fit into society. Lori said Tyler needed something social he could lose himself in. “He would feel _30_ if you did this with him,” Lori said. Lori

54、suggested we visit sites _31_ to presidents by traveling to the homes and/or libraries of Presidents with him because Tyler loves history. Tyler got to road test his lessons from social-skills classes, discovering how to communicate and connect. I came to see Tyler through the eyes of others a skill

55、 he, too, was trying to master and felt proud. Finally, I learned to _32_ Tylers quiet courage. How could a boy afraid of bees, needles, and dark rooms be brave? But the boy who faces his _33_ to introduce himself to new people every day, for instance might be the bravest person I know. 【答案】24-28 EA

56、HDB 29-33 FJKGI三、阅读(A)On Sept. 15, TripAdvisor, one of the worlds largest travel review websites named the worlds top 25 museums in its Travelers Choice Awards, based on the reviews and opinions of travelers worldwide.Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York CityIt is the largest museum in the Western H

57、emisphere（半球）, with a collection of 2 million items from more than 5,000 years of world culture. The museum includes important collections from ancient Egypt and medieval（中世纪的）Europe as well as ancient Greece and Rome. Here, visitors can get lost in different centuries: They can see the Temple of De

58、ndur from early Egypt, Dutch painter Vincent Van Goghs Wheatfield With Cypresses, and US pop artist Andy Warhols Souper Dress, all in one place.MusedOrsay, ParisLocated in the center of Paris on the banks of the River Seine, the MusedOrsay houses the worlds most amazing collections of impressionist

59、and post-impressionist art. It offers the chance to view major works from the greats like Van Gogh and Claude Monet.Art Institute of Chicago, IllinoisIt was named the worlds best museum in 2014. The world-famous Windy City museum houses nearly 300,000 works, including one of the largest collections

60、of modern art including pieces such as Spanish painter Pablo Picassos The Old Guitarist and French artist Henri Matisses Bathers by a River. A TripAdvisor reviewer commented, “Paintings from every era and works from every great artist make the museum worth a hundred visits.”Museo Nacional del Prado,

61、 MadridNowhere is able to present the entire history of Spanish art like the Museo Nacional del Prado. Here visitors can enjoy a detailed view of Spanish school of the Modern Age. In fact, “the study of almost any Spanish painter and his work is almost impossible without visiting the many galleries

62、of the Museo Nacional del Prado”, TripAdvisor noted.The Italian school is another highlight of the museums collection, as it includes 15th century masterpieces such as The Annunciation by Fra Angelico. The museum also has a fine collection of 16th century Venetian paintings, 17th century French clas

63、sicists, Baroque paintings and Roman sculpture.75.Which of the following is TRUE about the Metropolitan Museum of Art?A. Its the largest art museum among the four.B. Its so big that visitors may easily get lost in it.C. It has the largest collection of the four museums.D. Its collection includes wor

64、ks from ancient Egypt.76._ is a must-visit place if you are interested in impressionism.A. the Metropolitan Museum of ArtB. the MusedOrsayC. Art Institute of ChicagoD. the Museo Nacional del Prado77.According to the article, both the Art Institute of Chicago and the Museo Nacional del Prado _.A. inc

65、lude a bigger collection of modern art than ancient artB. are perfect places to study the history of Spanish artC. contain a collection of art from different eras and countries D. are home to a large number of works from the Italian school78. Who are most probably the intended readers of the passage

66、?A. international studentsB. senior businessmenC. experienced tour guidesD. global sightseers【答案】DBCD(B)After I was married and had lived in Japan for while, my Japanese gradually improved to the point where I could take part in simple conversations with my husband and his friends and family. And I

67、began to notice that often, when I joined in, the others would look surprised, and the conversational topic would come to a stop. After this happened several times, it became clear to me that I was doing something wrong. But for a long time, I didnt know what it was. Finally, after listening careful

68、ly to many Japanese conversations, I discovered what my problem was. Even though I was speaking Japanese, I was handling the conversation in a Western way. A Western-style conversation between two people is like a game of tennis. If I introduce a topic, a conversational ball, I expect you to hit it

69、back. If you agree with me, I dont expect you simply to agree and do nothing more. I expect you to add somethinga reason for agreeing, another example, or a detailed explanation to carry the idea further. But I dont expect you always to agree. I am just as happy if you question me, or challenge me,

70、or completely disagree with me. Whether you agree or disagree, your response will return the ball to me. A Japanese-style conversation, however, is not at all like tennis or volleyball. Its like bowling. You wait for your turn. And you always know your place in line. It depends on such things as whe

71、ther you are older or younger, a close friend or a relative stranger to the previous speaker, in a senior or junior position, and so on.When your turn comes, you step up to the starting line with your bowling ball and carefully bowl it. Everyone else stands back and watches politely, murmuring encou

72、ragement. Everyone waits until the ball has reached the end of the alley (球场) and watches to see if it knocks down all the pins, or only some of them, or none of them. There is a pause, while everyone registers your score.Then, after everyone is sure that you have completely finished your turn, the

73、next person in line steps up to the same starting line, with a different ball. He doesnt return your ball, and he does not begin from where your ball stopped. And there is always a suitable pause between turns. There is no rush, no scramble for the ball.If you have been trained all your life to play

74、 one game, it is no simple matter to switch to another, even if you know the rules. Knowing the rules is not at all the same thing as playing the game.46. The author makes all of the following arguments EXCEPT that _.A. Japanese-style conversations are like bowling.B. western-style conversations are

75、 like tennis or volleyballC. in Japanese-style conversations, you must wait your turn to speakD. western-style conversations are longer than Japanese-style conversations47. The authors purpose in writing this article is to _.A. instruct B. entertain C. joke D. criticize48. The main idea of the artic

76、le is _.A. people talk differently in Japan than in the WestB. its important to take part in conversationsC. talking with someone from another country proves difficultD. its rude to interrupt someone who is speaking【答案】DAC四、翻译Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the word

77、s given in the brackets.【2020行知期末】1. 如果乐队达到了他的要求，指挥会喜极而泣。(weep)2. 对观众来说，完全没必要担心他们最爱的明星。(there)3. 头条的重要性不言而喻，但还是要更加重视报纸的内容。(emphasis)4. 只要在午夜前订阅，作为额外奖励，你将获得一份含有世界主要景点的地图册。(where)【答案】1. If the orchestra met his demand, the conductor would weep for joy.2. As for the audience, there is absolutely no need for them to worry about their favorite stars. 3. While the importance of headlines is obvious, more emphases should be placed on the contents of newspapers. 4. As long as you subscribe before midnight, you will get a atlas as a bonus, where there are chief tourist attractions in the world.