专题 20 阅读理解之主旨大意题-2024年新高考英语一轮复习练小题刷大题提能力（原卷版）.docx

1、专题 20 阅读理解（主旨大意题） 刷大题、提能力1.（2023广东深圳高三统考期末）Boston wants to be smarter. The city has taken advantage of technologies to become more responsive to its residents needs. But technology alone is not sufficient to make todays cities liveable. Boston has discovered that it also needs to reach the old-fashi

2、oned low-tech community and integrate that technology with city life.Kris Carter rolled out Bostons smart city program in 2014. It started with an App that residents could download to report locations where sidewalks needed repair. The city sorted out those reports and ranked them in a database, whi

3、ch repair crews used to prioritize their work.The system worked beautifully, except for one problem: most of the alerts(警报) came from wealthier neighborhoods, where the concentration of smartphone - equipped residents was highest. The complaints from the App didnt always correlate with the greatest

4、community need for repairs, explains Carter.Carters group has moved away from the model common to many smart city initiatives of letting tech-savvy(精通技术的）residents drive the process. Instead, they run meetings to find out what problems people in different neighborhoods care about solving. When it ca

5、me to sidewalks, Boston introduced a second method of collecting repair tips, hiring people to get out and walk the citys 1,700 miles of sidewalks to take notes on their condition.Whether using low-tech or high-tech approaches, says Carter, to stay smart, a city needs to continually reassess its opt

6、ions to spot opportunities to improve residents lives. Take the sidewalk repair program, walking on the streets was proved a useful, if inefficient way to prioritize repair needs. But last year the group found that walkers mobile phones could be tracked as they moved along the streets, and that data

7、 could be analyzed to identify sidewalk routes which are most often used by neighborhoods.“Combined with our other sidewalk information, that gave us an even better way to predict where faster repairs would do the most good, says Carter,Were really always looking for whatever mix of approaches best

8、solves the problem.1What is the first paragraph mainly about?AThe citizens life.BThe citys reputation.CThe citys management.DThe benefits of technology.2What problem did Kris Carters team meet when carrying out their program?AThey faced many technical obstacles.BThey couldnt serve all residents well

9、.CThey were not supported by residents.DThey were annoyed by being short-staffed.3Which of the following might Kris Carter most agree with?AMaximizing the benefits of technology.BMixing approaches for solving problems.CGiving full play to the power of residents.DLetting tech companies be a leading r

10、ole.4What can be a suitable title for the text?AA Smart City: More Than Just TechBA City with Intelligent FacilitiesCJoint-effort in City ConstructionDThe Modernization of a City2.（2023广东潮州统考二模）In 2006, documents were published by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA). They suggested

11、that cloned animals and cloned animal products would be allowed into the American food supply.The FDA has stated that cloned animal products are safe for consumption, and has performed many studies to support this view. In fact, products from cloned animals have already been eaten by some Americans

12、without ill effects. The FDA analyzed the structure(结构)and content of cloned animal products and compared it with that of traditionally reproduced animals, and discovered no statistical difference between the two.Consumers raised serious concerns about cloned animals. The first is the question of wh

13、ether or not cloned tissue and animal products are truly safe. The second is that many clones are also genetically modified(转基因的)animals, which the FDA has said are unsafe for human consumption. The third is that consumers want to be able to choose what they put into their bodies.The first concern a

14、bout cloned animals is almost unnecessary due to the price of producing a clone. Making a clone needs hard work and is very costly. These clones live spoiled lives because they are very valuable, despite biologists warning that cloned animals decrease diversity.The second concern, about genetic modi

15、fication of cloned animals, is more problematic. It may be very difficult to separate genetically modified animals from normal ones. The purpose of genetically modified cloned animals is unclear, and the FDA hasnt allowed their products onto the market, due to health concerns, but the risk of geneti

16、c pollution of healthy animals still exists.Finally, the matter of choice is a large one. Many animal rights activists are worried about clone rights because cloned or not, the animals still have lives. Other consumers are simply trying to eat healthy foods, and have doubts about the cloned animals.

17、 If the FDA does not make labeling (贴标签)laws, people may not be able to make informed choices about their food.5Why did the FDA allow cloned animal products for consumption?AThey appeal to consumers very much.BThey differ from traditional animal products.CThey taste better than normal animal product

18、s.DThey have been proved safe in several aspects.6What do we know about producing clones of animals?AIt takes much more efforts and money.BIt provides some new medical benefits.CIt needs less time than raising animals.DIt helps increase the diversity of animals.7What can be inferred from the last pa

19、ragraph?ACloned animals should be forbidden to enter market.BCloned animals should have the same rights as humans.CLaws should be made to protect peoples right to choose food.DAnimal rights activists are strongly against cloned animal products.8Whats the text mainly about?ADoubts about cloned animal

20、s rights.BDiscussions about how to clone animals.CConcerns about animal cloning technology.DWorries about cloned animal consumption.3. （2023湖南常德高三校联考期末）For Western designers, China and its rich culture have long been an inspiration for Western creative.“Its no secret that China has always been a sou

21、rce(来源) of inspiration for designers,” says Amanda Hill, chief creative officer at A+E Networks, a global media company and home to some of the biggest fashion(时尚) shows.Earlier this year, the China Through A Looking Glass exhibition in New York exhibited 140 pieces of China-inspired fashionable clo

22、thing alongside Chinese works of art, with the aim of exploring the influence of Chinese aesthetics(美学) on Western fashion and how China has fueled the fashionable imagination for centuries. The exhibition had record attendance, showing that there is huge interest in Chinese influences.“China is imp

23、ossible to overlook,” says Hill. “Chinese models are the faces of beauty and fashion campaigns that sell dreams to women all over the world, which means Chinese women are not just consumers of fashion they are central to its movement.” Of course, not only are todays top Western designers being influ

24、enced by Chinasome of the best designers of contemporary fashion are themselves Chinese. “Vera Wang, Alexander Wang, Jason Wu are taking on Galliano, Albaz, Marc Jacobsand beating them hands down in design and sales,” adds Hill.For Hill, it is impossible not to talk about China as the leading player

25、 when discussing fashion. “The most famous designers are Chinese, so are the models, and so are the consumers,” she says. “China is no longer just another market; in many senses it has become the market. If you talk about fashion today, you are talking about Chinaits influences, its direction, its b

26、reathtaking clothes, and how young designers and models are finally acknowledging that in many ways.”9What can we learn about the exhibition in New York?AIt promoted the sales of artworks.BIt attracted a large number of visitors.CIt showed ancient Chinese clothes.DIt aimed to introduce Chinese model

27、s.10What does Hill say about Chinese women?AThey are setting the fashion.BThey start many fashion campaigns.CThey admire super models.DThey do business all over the world.11What do the underlined words “taking on” in paragraph 4 mean?Alearning fromBlooking down onCworking withDcompeting against12Wha

28、t can be a suitable title for the text?AYoung Models Selling Dreams to the WorldBA Chinese Art Exhibition Held in New YorkCDifferences Between Eastern and Western AestheticsDChinese Culture Fueling International Fashion Trends4.（2023山西阳泉统考三模）At the age of seven, while his friends were spending their

29、 pocket money on unimportant things like candy and toys, Jose was busy saving money for more necessary things. To try to get his peers to do the same, the youngster from Peru came up with the new idea of an eco-bank, which allows kids of all ages to become economically independent and financially in

30、telligent - while also helping the environment.Founded in 2012, the Bartselana Student Bank is the worlds first cooperative bank for kids. Possible members have to bring in at least 5 kilograms of solid waste and set a savings goal. Once accepted, all bank partners are required to bank at least one

31、additional kilogram of recyclables on a monthly basis. The waste is sold to local recycling companies. The funds received are placed in the individuals account where they collect until his/her savings goal is reached. The account holder can then take out his/her money, or choose to leave it and cont

32、inue to grow for a bigger goal.The youngsters determination paid off, and by 2013, the Bartselana Student Bank had over 200 members. Things have only improved since. Today, the eco-bank is proud of ten educational centers. They are designed to teach over 3,000 teenagers to become economically indepe

33、ndent, invest(投资) wisely, and help the environment. Now the Bartselana Student Bank began accepting applications from kids all across Peru. Not surprisingly, Joses efforts have earned the youngster several national and international awards, which won him about $ 5,500.“Joses eco-bank is a brilliant

34、way of linking economy and climate effect, both in thought and practice. The system clearly shows that the planets common resources are limited and that we must recycle the products we no longer use,” a judge said. “It creates viewpoint of consumption(消费). This way caring about the environment becom

35、es an investment, a system that gives children both economic independence and power to influence the climate. The potential impact is amazing.”13In which aspect does Jose stand out from other kids?AHe did better at studies.BHe didnt like candy and toys.CHe managed his pocket money more wisely.DHe ca

36、me from a wealthy family background.14What does “all bank partners” in Paragraph 2 refer to?ALocal recycling companies.BThe kids bringing in recyclables.CThe bank staff working in the bank.DThe customers saving money.15What does the author mainly want to tell us by the examples in Paragraph3?AJoses

37、pioneering efforts were richly rewarded.BJose helped 3000 teenagers pay off their debts.CJose contributed to the environmental protection.DJoses idea helped him win a prize worth $5.500.16What is the best title for the text?AKids in Peru Are Changing Their Consumption Habits.BPeru Kids Learned to Be

38、come Economically Independent.CJoses Idea is Raising Viewpoints of Environmental Protection.DA Peru Eco-Bank Teaches Kids About Finance And Recycling.5.（2023辽宁高三阜新市高级中学阶段练习）A number of studies show that sports and other physical activities can contribute to the development of self-esteem (a feeling

39、of pride in oneself). For example, Canadian scientists found that sixth-grade students who were more physically active had considerably higher levels of self-esteem. A study in Switzerland found that teenagers who took part in sports clubs were healthier, including being better socially adjusted, fe

40、eling less anxious, and generally being happier about their lives. Similar findings were reported in a study of Latino students, where participation in school sport was found to be greatly associated with self-esteem.There seems little doubt that part of the potency (潜能) of sports lies in their soci

41、al setting. There are a lot of facts showing the importance of social connectedness (关联性) for healthy child and teenager development, and sports offer a popular and engaging setting for social interactions. Involvement in team sports has been positively associated with social acceptance and a sense

42、of belonging, especially where such involvement is characterized by positive coaching, progressive skill development, and peer support.But, the social setting of sports can exclude as well as include. There is now evidence that boys and girls experiences of sports can be very different, and this can

43、 affect the contribution they can make to the self-esteem of players. Peer acceptance seems to be an important factor in determining the relationship between sport participation and self-esteem, and girls can be particularly sensitive to negative judgments. And studies have found that many girly boy

44、s and girls benefit most from non-competitive physical activities.So, a note of caution ought to be sounded in case sports are considered to be a cure. Much of the literature on the most positive psychological (心理的) outcomes associated with childhood and youth sports stress the absolute importance o

45、f positive experiences. It will surprise no one that bullying, excluding or abuse experiences will harm, rather than support the development of self-esteem, and well-being in general. Sadly, it will also not be a shock to learn that many childrens introductions to sports are far from improving the q

46、uality of life.The great developmental psychologist Jean Piaget argued that the foundations of self-esteem were laid between the ages of about 6 and 11 years of age. Importantly, this is also the time when children are most likely to be introduced to sports. We should know the importance of positive

47、 early sporting experiences for the development of both self-esteem and on-going participation in sports and other physical activities. Teachers, coaches, and parents have a responsibility to ensure that these experiences catch as many children as possible, and for this to happen they need to rememb

48、er the principles of child development: Children are not mini-adults.Problems arise when adults forget these principles, and kid themselves into thinking that they are coaching future Olympians or Super stars. Unluckily, evidence suggests that talented children are most likely to stand out when they

49、 are given time to develop, to play, and to remain children.Children are not miniature adults, and their enjoyment of sports (and their self-esteem) can suffer when adults forget this!17Studies in Switzerland and Latino showed teenagers who often join in sports _.Abuild self-esteem earlierBhave more

50、 good experiencesCare more sensitive to judgmentsDare healthier both physically and mentally18In general, the authors attitude toward the influence of sports on teenagers is _.ApositiveBcriticalCuncertainDtolerant19According to the author, when children take part in sports, they _.Awill be happier a

51、bout their livesBare more likely to be attracted by competitive sportsCshould be treated by coaches and parents as super starsDwill build self-esteem if given positive comment and support20Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?AChildren Should Take Part in SportsBSports Offe

52、r You a Better Teenage LifeCSports Experience and Building Self-EsteemDPeople Should Treat Teenagers Like Miniature Adults6.（2023辽宁沈阳沈阳二中校考三模）TerraCycle is a company that has recycled and upcycled (升级改造) just about any garbage it can get its hands on. It upcycles things like pens and markers into du

53、st bins and picnic tables and cigarette ends into railroad ties.Now, TerraCycle wants to help families waste even less with a new book Make Garbage Great: The TerraCycle Family Guide to a Zero-Waste Lifestyle. The book is part wake-up call, part history lesson, part how-to, and part DIY arts and cra

54、fts instruction.In an effort to help people do what they can to curb their contribution to the tons of waste created every day, Make Garbage Great gives the history of various materials, discusses why those various materials are a problem, and gives tips and DIY projects to recycle or upcycle each m

55、aterial.There is a chapter each on plastics, metals, paper, glass, wood, rubber and organics. Each chapter is filled with tons of tips and ideas for reducing the amount of waste you create and for responsibly handling the waste you end up creating in your home. If youre a conscious consumer, some of

56、 the information you may already know, but there are also tips in this book that will help you recycle more than you thought you were able to. It has information on where you can take old sneakers, pillows, and all that electronic waste that seems to pile up quicker and quicker each year.Whether the

57、 book inspires you to get a little clever at dealing with your waste or simply inspires you to think before you buy or before you throw, anyone who is concerned about the amount of waste our culture creates will find some ideas here. Even the physical book itself is a bit of an inspiration. Its prin

58、ted on tree-free paper and is a reminder that there is usually a sustainable (可持续的) alternative to many of the products that we waste.21What is the book intended to do?ATo advertise for the company.BTo help families make money.CTo instruct people to learn arts.DTo help families reduce waste.22What c

59、an we know about the book?AIt is intended for housewives.BIt is environmentally friendly.CIt is well received all over the world.DIt is not different from other paper books.23What does the authors attitude towards the book?APositive.BNegative.CDoubtful.DObjective.24What could be the best title for t

60、he text?ALive A More Healthy Life?BWant A Zero-waste Lifestyle?CTerraCycle A Responsible CompanyDMake Garbage Great A Key to Success7.（2023吉林长春高三长春市第五中学校考期末）One of the most popular beliefs in parenting is the socalled Mozart effect， which says that listening to music by the Austrian composer Wolfgan

61、g Mozart can increase a childs intelligence Some pregnant women have even gone so far as to play Mozart recordings on headphones pressed against their bellies And its not hard to see how Mozarts name became associated with accelerated development He was historys greatest child genius， performing ast

62、onishing music for kings and queens at an age when many of us were content with tuneless singing Im a Little TeapotSo， if you have kids or youre expecting to have them， how seriously should you take the Mozart effect？ Will the child who doesnt listen to Mozart in the cradle （摇篮） be limited to an ord

63、inary life？ Are you a bad parent if your kids dont know about any works of Mozart？Relax There is no scientific evidence that listening to Mozart improves childrens cognitive abilities The whole idea comes from a small study done in 1993， which found that college students who listened to Mozarts Sona

64、ta for Two Pianos in D Major （K 448）showed some improvement in a test of spatial （空间的） skills This finding was later described as something extremely amazing by a musician， Don Campbell， in a book Campbells claims about the super powers of Mozarts music were repeated endlessly in the media and fuele

65、d a craze for Mozartbased enrichment activities In 1998， for example， the governor of Georgia in the USA requested funds to send classicalmusic CDs to all parents of newborns in the stateSince then， scientists have examined the claim that Mozart increases intelligence and found no evidence for it Th

66、e original experiment with college students was reviewed in 1999， and the increase in the students spatial skills was found to be negligible In 2007 the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research asked a team of experts to examine the scientific literature regarding Mozart and child developme

67、nt， and they found no reason to believe that it increased intelligence25People relate Mozart to childrens intelligence development because he Aowned extraordinary music talent.Bcould perform music as a child.Coffered music to pregnant women.Dwas an royal Austrian composer.26What can we know about th

68、e small study in 1993？AIt added to the popularity of Mozarts musicBIt found no evidence for supporting Mozart effectCIt helped college students make academic progressDIt urged Georgias governor to spread classical music27What does the underlined word negligible probably mean？ASuddenBInsignificantCAv

69、erageDSteady28What can be the best title for the text？ANew Findings： Mozart Effect to Be Proved.BSecrets Uncovered： History of Mozart Effect.CDoes Listening to Mozart Make Kids Smarter？DHow Does Mozart Improve Kids Intelligence？8. （2023吉林长春市第五中学高三期末）Your brain isnt necessarily the same age as the re

70、st of you Now， it may be possible to predict how quickly a persons brain will age throughout life based on tests taken when he or she is three years oldA persons biological age may be a better indicator of their health than their real age Brain age can be measured using brain scans and machinelearni

71、ng to determine if a persons brain looks older or younger than the average healthy brain for people of the same ageTo find out if brain age might reveal anything about a persons health in midlife， Max Elliott at Duke University in North Carolina and his colleagues assessed the brains of 869 adults i

72、n New Zealand who have undergone regular medical and cognitive （认知的） testing since they were 3 years oldWhen the volunteers， all aged between 43 and 46， underwent MRI brain scans， the team found that their brain ages ranged from 23 to 71 Those with older brain ages performed worse on tests of cognit

73、ion， memory and IQ The researchers also found that some people have a very advanced brain age but their bodies seem to be ageing slowly， and vice versa （反之亦然） However， the team found that those who had the highest scores on cognitive tests when they were 3 years old went on to have the youngestlooki

74、ng brainsThis suggests we might be able to tell who is at risk of accelerated brain ageing early in life Researchers hope that predicting brain ageing earlier in life could allow treatments for conditions like dementia （痴呆） to be started sooner This means treatments might have a better chance of wor

75、kingWe dont yet have a way to treat brain ageing， but given the known benefits to the brain of healthy eating and exercise， these arent a bad place to start29What helps predict the speed of ones brain ageing？AOnes health conditionBA test result at the age of 3CThe actual age of ones brainDA machine

76、for medical check30What is the purpose of Elliotts research？ATo find out why people look older or youngerBTo measure peoples brain age at different stagesCTo discover whether brain age can be measured by machinesDTo explore the relationship between brain age and future health31What is Paragraph 4 ma

77、inly about？AThe influence of cognitive testsBThe procedure of Elliotts studyCThe information about volunteersDThe findings of the brain research32What do the findings of the research imply？AWe should test our brain age earliest possibleBPeople suffering dementia can go on workingCBrain ageing could

78、be predicted at an early ageDHealthy eating and exercise can cure brain ageing9.（2023重庆江北高三重庆十八中校考开学考试）Do you still remember the scene in the famous movie Titanic, directed by Cameron, where Jack was frozen to death in the icy cold water so that Rose could survive on the floating door alone? It brok

79、e many peoples heart.Two decades later, people are still asking the question, “wasnt there enough room on the door for both of them?”Cameron once responded by saying it wasnt a question of room, but buoyancyif both of them had tried to stay on the raft, he argued, the whole thing would sink.But seve

80、ral guys from “Mythbusters”, an Australian-American science entertainment television program, decided to test the theory themselves. They discovered that if Rose had took off her life jacket to the bottom of the raft, there would have been enough buoyancy to keep both of them afloat.When they presen

81、ted their findings to Cameron, the director insisted that Jack couldnt be saved.“The answer is very simple,” Cameron said. “Because it says on page 147 of the script that Jack dies. To Cameron, it was an artistic choice to have the beloved character of millions, Jack drown into the cold sea. Jack ha

82、d to die because Cameron thought it would be best if we did.“It was an artistic choice, the thing was just big enough to hold her, and not big enough to hold him,” Cameron said. “I think its all kind of silly, really, that were having this discussion 20 years later. But it does show that the film wa

83、s effective in making Jack so endearing to the audience that it hurts them to see him die. The film is about death and separation; he had to die.”Since Jack was doomed to die, Cameron said, it could have happened in a variety of different ways. Its not about the door not being big enough: thats just

84、 a practical method for his death. “Whether it was that, or whether a chimney fell on him, he was going down,” Cameron said. “Its called art: things happen for artistic reasons, not for physics reasons.”33What do we know about the character Jack according to the text?AHe intended to kill himself.BHe

85、 sacrificed himself to save Rose.CHe didnt have money to buy ticket.DHe lacked basic knowledge of physics.34According to Cameron, why did the audience argue about Jacks death for 20 years?AThey are fragile people.BThey dont like the movie.CThey love the character Jack.DThey are crazy about physics.3

86、5Why was a chimney mentioned in the last paragraph?ATo introduce the structure of the ship.BTo show the original plan of the movie.CTo present the missing part of the movie.DTo explain the unchangeable fate of Jack.36What is best title of the text?AJack in Titanic Must Die.BBig Enough for Both.CCame

87、ron is Wrong.DJack could Survive.10.（2023高三重庆市万州第二高级中学校考阶段练习）Curiosity is what drives us to keep learning, keep trying, keep pushing forward. But how does one generate (产生) curiosity, in oneself or others? George Loewenstein, a professor of psychology at Carnegie Mellon University, offered an answer

88、 in the classic1994 paper, “The Psychology of Curiosity.”Curiosity arises, Loewenstein wrote, “when attention becomes focused on a gap in ones knowledge. Such information gaps produce the feeling of deprivation (匮乏) labeled curiosity. The curious individual is motivated to obtain the missing informa

89、tion to reduce the feeling of deprivation.” Loewensteins theory helps explain why curiosity is such a force: its not only a mental state but also an emotion, a powerful feeling that drives us forward.Scientist Daniel Willingham notes that teachers are often “so eager to get to the answer that we do

90、not devote enough time to developing the question.” Yet its the question that stimulates (刺激) curiosity; being told an answer stops curiosity before it can even get going.In his 1994 paper, George Loewenstein noted that curiosity requires some basic knowledge. Were not curious about something we kno

91、w absolutely nothing about. But as soon as we know even a little bit, our curiosity is aroused and we want to learn more. In fact, research shows that curiosity increases with knowledge: the more we know, the more we want to know. To get this process started, Loewenstein suggests, take steps with so

92、me interesting but incomplete information.Language teachers have long used communication in exercises that open an information gap and then require learners to communicate with each other in order to fill it. For example, one student might be given a series of pictures for the beginning of the story

93、, while the students partner is given a series of pictures showing how that same story ends. Only by speaking with each other (in the foreign language they are learning, of course) can the students fill in each others information gaps.37When one notices a gap in his knowledge, he .Adesires to fill i

94、tBtends to be afraidCmight get tired and sadDwill become focused on his learning38What does Daniel Willingham imply in the article?AAnswers are more important than questions.BTeachers should be eager to get to the answer.CTeachers know how to stimulate students curiosity.DTeachers are partly to blam

95、e for students hating school.39According to George Loewensteins paper, curiosity about something occurs only when you .Ahave read a lot of booksBknow little about somethingChave some related informationDare given incomplete information40What is the article mainly about?AWhy students hate school.BWhy

96、 curiosity is important.CHow to stimulate curiosity.DWhat makes people hungry for knowledge.11.（2023天津市新华中学高三期末）When I was 17 years old I had surgery because of a disease. The day after the surgery, I awoke to find a friend of mine sitting in a chair across from my bed. I dont remember much about hi

97、s visit. But I will not forget that he visited me on that day, and sat there for I dont know how long, while I was under the influence of a morphine drip (输液). We benefit greatly from our close friendships, but they are not a matter of calculable gain or loss.Our age, what we might call the age of e

98、conomics, is strongly influenced by two types of relationships that reflect the lives we are encouraged to lead. There are consumer relationships, those that we participate in for the pleasure they bring us. They are focused on the present. It is what brings immediate pleasure that matters. And ther

99、e are entrepreneurial(商业的) relationships, those that we invest in, hoping they will bring us some return.Aristotle thought that there were three types of friendship: those of pleasure, those of usefulness, and true friendship. In Pleasure Friendships, he said, “Tt is not for their character that men

100、 love ready-witted people, but because they find them pleasant.” About the usefulness friendships, he said, “Those who love each other for their utility (效用) do not love each other for themselves, but because of some good which they get from each other.”Although we benefit from our close friendships

101、, these friendships are not a matter of calculable gain and loss. Consumer pleasures are lasting for only a limited time. They surround us for a short period and then they fade, like a drug. Entrepreneur friendship, when successful, leads to the victory of personal gain.It is precisely the non-econo

102、mic character that is threatened in a society in which each of us is offered only the choices of ownership, shopping, competition and growth. It is threatened when we are led to believe that friendships without obvious recognizable gain are, in the economic sense, irrational (不合理的). Friendships are

103、not without reason, perhaps, but they are certainly without that particular reason. Shared experience, not just everyday amusement or advancement, is the true basis of friendship.41The author mentions his operation in the first paragraph to _.Arecall one of his best friendsBadvise people to visit si

104、ck friendsCintroduce the topic of true friendshipDtalk about the experience of surgery42Consumer relationships center on _.Athe sharing of joy and sorrowBmutual support in times of troubleCpersonal gain or personal lossDimmediate pleasure43The author tries to persuade readers to accept his argument

105、by _.Aexplaining three types of friendshipBdiscussing questionsCanalyzing causes and effectsDproviding examples and facts44The author seems to support the idea that _.Afriendships are a matter of calculable gain or lossBthere are no specific reasons for friendshipCshort-term pleasure is the center o

106、f friendshipDeveryday amusement is the true basis of friendship45The best title for the text would be _.AFriendship in Modern TimesBFriendship in Economic RecessionCFriendship in the Age of EconomicsDFriendship in a Fast Paced Life12.（2023全国高三专题练习）Some scientists have detected a chemical on Venus (金

107、星) that isnt expected to be there, which leads them to wonder what is producing the chemical.Venus may look beautiful in the night sky, but its a harsh planet. Its clouds are made of acid. And its atmosphere is so thick that if you could stand on the planets surface, you would feel like you were 3,0

108、00 feet under the sea. It is the hottest planet in the solar system, with an average temperature of 464. Though people have often wondered if Venus used to have life, most people dont believe life exists there. Now, as a result of work by a group of scientists led by Dr. Jane Greaves from Cardiff Un

109、iversity, there may be reason to question that.The scientists found a molecule called phosphine (磷化氢) in Venus atmosphere. On Earth, some bacteria produce small amounts of phosphine in oxygen-free environments. Phosphine molecules arent very stable, so they tend to break apart or burn up easily.Many

110、 scientists believe phosphine might be a sign of life on other planets. So the scientists were puzzled when they found signs of phosphine high in the atmosphere of Venus. They double-checked their result and it was the same high in the clouds there appeared to be too much phosphine.That led the scie

111、ntists to think about what could make the phosphine. They studied many ideas, from sunlight, lightning strikes to volcanoes. But none of these could produce the amount of phosphine they detected. One possible explanation for the phosphine is simple life. For example, some sort of bacteria can someho

112、w survive in the acid clouds of Venus.The discovery of phosphine on Venus has caused a lot of excitement. The scientists behind the study are eager to do more research. Now, many other people are also looking to focus on the planet and perhaps even create missions to explore Venus atmosphere.46Accor

113、ding to Paragraph 2, whats generally believed about Venus?ALife exists there for long.BIt is an unlivable planet.CIt is one of the hottest planets.DThe clouds on Venus are thin and acidic.47What do we know about phosphine on Venus?AIt is a kind of gas low in the clouds.BIt is a possible marker of li

114、fe.CIt contributes to the birth of life.DIt is stable in oxygen-free environments.48What does the underlined word “That” in Paragraph 5 refer to?AThe presence of phosphine.BThe amount of acid.CThe instability of phosphine.DThe high temperature.49What can be a suitable title for the text?AIs There Li

115、fe on Venus?BOxygen Spotted on VenusCA New Way to Explore VenusDWill Astronauts Land on Venus?13.（2023全国高三专题练习）A small bowl bought at a yard sale in Connecticut for just $ 35 has been identified as a rare 15th-century Chinese antique. The blue-and-white bowl was made by Chinas royal court during the

116、 Ming dynasty. It is now expected to sell for up to $500,000, according to Sothebys auction(拍卖)house in New York, where the auction will take place next month. The purchase was made last year near New Haven, Connecticut. “I was just hanging around there aimlessly. But when I saw this bowl, I didnt e

117、ven bargain over the $35 asking price,” the owner said. Shortly after the purchase, he sent photos of the bowl to auction specialists, who identified it as an item of historical significance. Upon closer inspection, the artifact was found to have originated from the period of Yongle Emperor, who rul

118、ed from 1403 to 1424 - a period noted for its distinctive porcelain (瓷器)techniques. Its now valued between $300,000 and $500,000, with the top estimate nearly 14,300 times the amount it was purchased for. “I was deeply attracted by the techniques. You can see why this bowl is so highly-valued from t

119、he very smooth porcelain body, silky glaze(上釉)and special blue coloring, which were never reproduced in later dynasties,” McAteer, an auction specialist, said. “The Yongle Emperor improved the porcelain techniques and elevated the importance of porcelain from being an ordinary bowl into a true work

120、of art. This small bowl has both practical and artistic value, ”McAteer said.50What can we infer about the bowls owner?AHe found the bowl by accident.BHe hesitated during the purchase.CHe doubted whether the bowl was real.DHe bought the bowl because it was cheap.51What makes the bowl so precious?ATh

121、e blue color on it.BThe long history it has.CThe people who made it.DThe unique techniques used.52What does the underlined word “elevated” in Paragraph 6 probably mean?AForsaw.BPromoted.CAssessed.DAcknowledged.53Whats the best title of the text?AAn Amazing BowlBA Special Yard SaleCThe Return of Porc

122、elainsDA Man Making Fortune14.（2023天津模拟预测）Lets take a moment to consider the words of one of Americas most remarkable philosophers, Henry David Thoreau.Thoreau spent the years 1845-1847 living on the outskirts of society in a small cabin in the woods by the side of Waldon Pond. He called this period

123、 of his life an experiment of intentional living and wrote this famous paragraph：I went to the woods because I wished to live intentionally, to front only the essential facts of life, and see if I could not learn what it had to teach，and not，when I came to die, discover that I had not lived. I wante

124、d to live deep and suck out all the marrow（精华）of life.There is great wisdom in Thoreaus purpose here, and I think its very useful to ask ourselves this question：What would our lives be like if we sucked all the marrow out of life?If Thoreaus quote sounds familiar, it may be from watching the film De

125、ad Poets Society, a movie with deep wisdom. The film is about young men at a boarding school as they prepare to do good in the world because they have the privilege to bring about change. Their English teacher, played by Robin Williams, tries to convince them that they should live life well now inst

126、ead of believing that they will find happiness after they reach certain goals. Part of his argument is conveyed by quoting this famous passage from Thoreau.Sucking the marrow out of life sounds simple enough, but as a matter of fact, it may be the most difficult thing that we can ever do. But it act

127、ually is as simple as it. Soundsthough “simple” is not quite the same thing as “easy”. I can think of one barrier that often keeps us from living our best lives. What keeps us from getting the most out of life is our desire for approval and fame. In the process of alwayslooking for fame and glory, t

128、here is the danger that we will stop living. In order to seek approval from others, we fail to find a sense of approval within our own spirit.When we become aware that we are missing so much out of life, we can decide that we want to make changes. Our best move is to start small. If we are having a

129、meal, whether a great festival feast or a modest supper, it is always within our power to take it slowly and really feel, taste, and enjoy the food before us. Few of us can easily do like Henry David Thoreau and get away from it all in the wilderness. But we can make small changes every single day.5

130、4What wisdom is conveyed in Thoreaus words?AStay away from city life.BLive ones life to the fullest.COnly nature can bring happiness.DOne can never be too old to learn.55Why did the author mention the film Dead Poets Society?ATo recommend a good film.BTo praise the teachers wisdom.CTo further illust

131、rate Thoreaus wisdom.DTo state the film was adapted from Thoreaus works.56Whats the authors attitude towards peoples seeking for approval?ACritical.BSupportive.CSympathetic.DUnconcerned.57How can people change life for the better according to the author?ALive in the wildness.BSet higher goals.CMake

132、small changes daily.DRead more classics.58What could be the best title of the passage?AAsk for More：Thoreau Exposes the Meaning of LifeBSunk in Thought：Thoreau Outshines Ancient PhilosophersCAim High：Thoreaus Practical Advice Ensures Successful LifeDTo Live Intentionally：Thoreaus Philosophy Remains

133、Valuable15.（2023陕西渭南统考一模）When I was a student at St. Josephs University, I began to spend time on the streets of Philadelphia, getting to know the men and women for whom these streets were their only home. The more I developed relationships with them and the more I got to know them, the harder it be

134、came to head home at night while they remained outside.In this journey, I have had many great teachers - including Georgianna Simmons, who lost nine of her toes to frostbite (冻伤), and Joe Williams, with a college degree, who runs a rescue center for homeless men.Ive been doing this work for more tha

135、n thirty years. People who have nothing have taught me so much about life. The lesson they have taught me is that people who are homeless need the same chances we all need: housing, education, employment, and healthcare. Contrary to our society, which values those it believes productive and rich and

136、 often ignores those who struggle with homelessness, I believe that every man, woman, and child has gifts. Everyone matters!Therefore, I work for a society in which each person is given the chances and resources to achieve their fullest potential (潜力). I also believe that our greatest power is relea

137、sed when people come together across social boundaries (边界) to form a community. It is through “the power of us ” that we come to know the deepest truth of our humanity. This is what I truly believe, “None of us are truly home until all of us are home.”59Which of the following is true about the auth

138、or after he knew more about the homeless?AHe wanted to make friends with them.BHe admired the life they were living.CHe decided to live on the streets.DHe felt great pity for them.60What can we learn about Joe Williams?AHe has made studies on the homeless.BHe has been homeless for a long time.CHe ha

139、s done something good for the homeless.DHe has taken care of the homeless at his home.61What can be learned from Paragraph 3?AThe homeless are taken seriously by the government.BWe should provide houses for the homeless.CThe homeless have fewer chances than us.DThe number of the homeless is increasing.62Which could be the best title for the text?AEveryone mattersBHow the homeless liveCThe best way to help the homelessDWhat we should do to help ourselves