专题04 7AU4-2023年牛津译林版初中英语单元知识点一遍过(江苏专用).docx
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1、 7AU4-2023年牛津译林版初中英语单元知识点一遍过(江苏专用)过单词短语1.Wake up, Eddie.(P42)wake up :醒来,叫醒。做叫醒时后面常加宾语,宾语为名词是,可放在wake&up 中间【例句】我每天早上6:30起来。I wake up at 6:30 every morning.请明天早上6点把我叫醒。Please wake me up at 6 oclock tomorrow morning. 1. Is it time for breakfast?(P42)It is time for sth.:到.的时候了It is time to do sth.:该做某事
2、了It is time for sb. to do sth.:是该某人做某事的时候了 【例句】该去学校了。It is time for school.=It is time to go to school.到了他值日的时候了。It is time for him to be on duty.2. I seldom go out.(P42)(1)seldom adv. 很少,在句中做状语【例句】他很少吃早饭。He seldom eats breakfast.【拓展】其他的频率副词(对频率副词提问,一般用how often)always:总是=100%usually:通常=80%often:经常=
3、60%sometimes:有时=40%seldom:很少=20%never:从不=0%他有时和父亲去游泳。He sometimes goes swimming with his father.(对划线部分提问)_ _ does he go swimming with his father?(2) go out 外出【例句】今晚你打算外出吗?Are you going out tonight.4.Do morning exercise.(P43)exercise n. 锻炼(不可数);早操(可数)【例句】医生让他跑跑步,做做早操。The doctor asks him to do some ru
4、nning and morning exercises.你应该天天锻炼。You should do exercise everyday.5.Im never late for it.be late for 迟到【例句】be late for school 上学迟到be late for class 上课迟到 6. After lunch, I always need a good rest.(P42)need:作实意动词,后+名词,代词或动词不定式。need:作情态动词,后+动词原形 need:作名词,需求,需要【例句】我们每天都需要喝水。We need to drink water ever
5、y day.你不必带伞,因为天气晴朗。You neednt take your umbrella because it is fine.患难见真情。A friend in need is a friend indeed.7.Some dogs just dont know how to have fun.(P42)(1)how to :特殊疑问词+to【例句】我可以告诉你在哪里买这本书。I can tell you where to get this book.他不知道怎么读这个生词。He doesnt know how to read this new word.(2)Have fun :玩
6、的开心,过得愉快=have a good time=enjoy oneself【例句】聚会上玩的开心吗?Do you have fun at the party?8.Usually we do morning exercises first.(P44)first adv. 首先;序数词,第一【例句】放学后,我总是先做我的作业。After school, I always finish my homework first.星期一是一周的第一天。Monday is the first day of a week.(first 做限定词时前面要加冠词the )这是我的首次飞机旅行This is my
7、 first plane trip.(first 前面有形容词性物主代词,省略the)9. After class, we often chat with each other or play in the playground.(P44)(1) chat v. 闲谈,聊天/ chat with sb.【例句】我想和你谈谈。I would like to chat with you.(2) each other 彼此,相互【例句】我们应该互相帮助,互相学习。We should help each other and learn from each other.(3) in the playgr
8、ound学生们放学后,经常在操场上玩游戏。Students often play games in the playground after school.10. We practise after school on Wednesday afternoon.(P44)practise v. 练习,操练practise doing sth. 练习做某事 【例句】他正在练习弹钢琴。He i practising the piano now.我们经常互相练习讲英语。We often practise speaking English among ourselves.11.Best wishes.(
9、P44)(1) best adj./adv :最好的 ,good &well 的最高级【例句】他是吉米最好的朋友He is Jimmys best friend.这些书是这个商店里最好的。These books are the best ones in the shop.(2)wish n. 祝愿,希望; v.想要,祝愿,希望【例句】他愿望成为一名科学家。His wish is to be a scientist.他想见你。He wishes to see you.我祝你新年快乐。I wish you a Happy New Year.12.I would like to tell you a
10、bout my life here.(P47) life n. 生活,生命【例句】你喜欢城镇生活还是农村生活?Which do you prefer, town life or country life?很多人在这次事故中丧生。Many people lost their lives in the accident.【拓展】all ones life :一生,一辈子13. Sandy does not have much time to play tennis.(P48)have much time to do sth. 有大量的时间做某事【例句】她没有太多的时间玩游戏。She does no
11、t have much time to play the game.【联想】have no time to do sth. 没有时间做某事【知识梳理1】1. There is a volleyball match betweenand在和之间有一场排球比赛。(P49)betweenand意为 。【答案】betweenand意为“在和之间”。【例题精讲】There is a park between the hospital and the factory.在医院和工厂之间有一个公园。【巩固练习】There is a farm b_ the factory and the bus stop.【答
12、案】between【知识梳理2】About once a week大约一周一次。(P50)once a week意为 ;对once a week提问用 。【答案】once a week意为“一周一次”;对once a week提问用how often。【例题精讲】-How often do you go to see your grandparents? 你多长时间去看你的爷爷奶奶一次?-Once a week. 一周一次。【巩固练习】- _ do you have a football match?- Three times a year.A. How often B. How C. Whe
13、n D. Where【答案】A【知识梳理3】They are good for us.它们对我们有益。be good for意为 ,后接 作宾语。【答案】be good for意为“对有益”,后接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。【例题精讲】They often do morning exercises. It is good for their health.他们经常晨练,这对他们的健康有益。【知识梳理4】They help us get ready for the day.它们帮助我们为这一天做好准备。(P52)(1)help sb. (to) do sth.意为 。也可用 .表示,with后接
14、。(2)get ready for意为 ,类似的短语有 。【答案】(1)help sb. (to) do sth.意为“帮助某人做某事”。也可用help sb. with sth.表示,with后接名词或代词。(2)get ready for意为“为做准备”,类似的短语有be ready for。【例题精讲】He often helps me with my English.他经常帮助我学英语。The students are getting ready for the exam.学生们正在为考试做准备。【巩固练习】_(be) you ready for the birthday party?
15、Mother is getting r_ for supper.【答案】Are; ready【知识梳理5】I am not tall, so I cannot play it well.我个子不高,所以我打得不好。(P52)(1)can和not可表达为 或 的形式。(2)well在此用作副词,表示 。【答案】(1)can和not可表达为cannot或cant的形式。(2)well在此用作副词,表示“做某事做得好”。【例题精讲】He cannotcant say it in English.他不能用英语说它。I can sing well.我唱歌唱得好。【巩固练习】The boy is too
16、young, so he _ go to school.A. can B. can not C. cannot D. dont【答案】C【知识梳理6】 I can learn a lot about the world关于这个世界,我能了解很多。(P52)a lot副词,表示 。eg.Thanks a lot.多谢。反义词:a little辨析 a lot,a lot of与lots of(1)a lot可用作 。(2)a lot也可作 ,修饰动词,意思是 ,相当于 。(3)a lot of与lots of的意思和用法完全相同,都是起形容词作用的短语,后接 。【答案】a lot副词,表示程度。
17、辨析 a lot,a lot of与lots of(1)a lot可用作名词性短语。(2)a lot也可作副词短语,修饰动词,意思是“十分,非常”,相当于very much。(3)a lot of与lots of的意思和用法完全相同,都是起形容词作用的短语,后接可数名词或不可数名词。【例题精讲】I can learn a lot about Chinese history.我可以学到很多有关中国历史方面的知识。【巩固练习】-Are you busy?-Yes, but only a 1 _.He l _ a lot about Chinese culture and he enjoys it.
18、There is_ sheep on the hill.A. little B. a little C. few D. a few【答案】little; learns; B【知识梳理7】We always have too much homework!我们总是有太多的作业!(P52)too much意为 ,修饰 ;修饰可数名词用 ; much too 修饰 。【答案】too much意为“太多”,修饰不可数名词;修饰可数名词用too many;much too 修饰形容词。【例题精讲】I have too much work to do today.今天我有太多的工作要做。He has too
19、 many friends.他有太多的朋友。This bag is much too big. 这个包太大了。【巩固练习】Tom always eats _ bananas.A. too much B. too many C. much D. too【答案】B过语法冠词分类: 英语中冠词有不定冠词和定冠词两种,常放在名词的前面,用来限定名词的意义,起泛指或特指的作用。一)、不定冠词a / an的区分 不定冠词a /an用在单数名词的前面,a用在辅音开头的词前面; an用在元音开头的词的前面。 值得注意的是,元音辅音音素不是字母,有些词虽然是元音(或者辅音)字母开头,但是发音却是辅音(元音)音素
20、,因此要注意区分。 请牢记以下的例子: In a university, a European united a one-eyed man to steal a useful thing,then ran away along a one-way road. This is a usual thing. 二)、不定冠词的基本用法:表示数量“一” 意思和one差不多,但是数量概念比one弱。 There is a table and four chairs in the room. We are going to have an English lesson tomorrow.表示人或事物的某一
21、类 用于可数名词的单数形式前,指人或事物的某一类 A child needs love. A horse is much smaller than an elephant.表示泛指的某个人,某个物 A boy is waiting for you at the school gate. I am reading an interesting story.表示单位量词的“每一” 用在事物的“单位”,如时间,速度,价格等意义的名词之前,表示“每一”。正式文体中常用each,every代替不定代词。 Take three pills a day and youll get better soon.
22、We have a music class once a week.用于集体名词,物质名词,抽象名词,专有名词前(1) 用于集体名词前 eg:I was put in a large class this term. 这个学期,我被编入了一个大班。 The Erics are a musical family. 埃里克一家是音乐世家。(2)用于物质名词前 a tea 一杯茶,a coffee一杯咖啡,a beer一杯啤酒,a glass一个玻璃杯(3)用于抽象名词前 抽象名词表示具体事物时,可用作可数名词,前面可用a/an,也可用复数形式,表示某种人或事。 pity 遗憾,pleasure 令
23、人高兴的人或者事,success成功的人或者事,failure 失败的人或者事,surprise 令人感到惊讶的人或者事,worry 令人感到担心的人或者事,beauty 美人或美丽的事物(4) 用于专有名词前 Eg:A Dick is asking to see you. 一个叫迪克的人想见你。用于表示某种身份,国籍,职业等的名词前 在这种用法中,几乎没有“一”的概念,只是强调一种身份,职业,地位,国籍,译为汉语时常不译出。 I want to be an engineer. 我想成为工程师。 The duty of a doctor is to try to save peoples li
24、ves. My English teacher is a Canadian. 用于序数词前 表示“再一”“又一” Eg:You will have to do it a second time. I have three books,I want to buy a fourth one.用于习惯用法中 a bit(一点), a little(一点), a few(几个), a lot (许多), a kind of(一种), a pair of(一副、一双), a number of(大量的), a piece of (一张、一片), half an hour(半小时), have a goo
25、d time(玩得开心), have a cold(感冒), make a noise(发出嘈杂声), have/take a (rest等)(休息)一会儿,等等。三)、定冠词the的用法 1. 表示特指 定冠词表示特指,既可特指上文提到过的人或事物,也可特指谈话双方都清楚的人或事物,还可特指受后置定语或定语从句修饰的人或事物。 如:Wheres the teacher? 老师在哪儿? There I met a foreigner and the foreigner helped me a great deal. 在那儿我遇到一个老外,这个老外帮了我不少忙。 The manager you
26、want to see was here just now. 你要见的那位经理刚刚还在这里。 2. 表示类别(1) 概括整个类属:定冠词与单数可数名词连用可以概括整个类属,有时还可以与某些形容词连用表示整个属。 如:The computer is a great invention. The young should respect the old. The English are famous for liking tea. 【说明】不定冠词和定冠词均可连用单数可数名词表示类别,但前者通常强调个体,起泛指作用,其用法相当于any;后者既可强调个体(可与不定冠词互换),也可强调整体(不可与不定
27、冠词互换)。如:The monkey is a clever animal. = A monkey is a clever animal. 猴是一种聪明的动物。 (句中既可用不定冠词也可用定冠词,因为它表示泛指意义) The tiger is in danger of becoming extinct. 老虎有绝种的危险。(此句用定冠词概括整个类属,不能换成不定冠词)(2) 与某些形容词连用,表示一类人或一类事物。如:the rich 富人 the poor 穷人 the wealthy 富人 the old 老人 the aged 老人 the young 年轻人the sick 病人 th
28、e brave 勇敢的人 the weak 弱者 the strong 强者 the dead 死者 the blind 盲人3. 表示世上独一无二的事物这里说的世上独一无二的事物主要指the sun, the moon, the earth, the sky, the universe, the world等东西。如:The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 【说明】若这类名词前有形容词修饰,表示具有某种特征,则也可能将定冠词改为不定冠词,如 a full moon(满月),a friendly world(友好的世界)等。4. 连用序数
29、词和最高级序数词和形容词最高级前通常要用定冠词,副词最高级前可用定冠词,也可不用。另外,当序数词不是表示顺序,而是表示“另一个”时,则在其前用不定冠词。如:I want to read it a second time. 我想再看一次。5. 用于某些专有名词前如用于河流、海洋、山川、海岛、海峡、沙漠等专有名词前,以及用于由普通名词构成(或含有普通名词)的专有名词如国名、地名、团体、机构、党派、报纸、杂志、事件、建筑物等前。如:the Yellow River 黄河 the Red Sea 红海the Indian Ocean 印度洋 the Taiwan Straits 台湾海峡the Gre
30、at Cultural Revolution 文化大革命6. 用于乐器名词前如:He began to play the violin at the age of 5. 7. 用于姓氏的复数之前如:The Greens were too poor to send their son to school. 8. 用于逢整十数词的复数前定冠词有时可用于逢整十的复数数词前,表示世纪中的年代。如:He moved to the south in the fifties. The war broke out in the 1980s. 9. 用在某些习惯用语中in the past 在过去 go to
31、the cinema 看电影in the end 最后 in the dark 在黑暗中,不知道in the least 一点,丝毫 in the open 在野外 四)、一些不用冠词的情况:(1)专有名词和(第一次使用)一些不可数名词时前面通常不用。 如:China is a very large country.(中国是个大国) / Man needs air and water. (2) 名词前已有指示、物主或不定代词作定语时不用。 如:My pen is much more expensive than yours.(3) 周名,月名或季节名前一般不用。 如:He was born o
32、n Monday, February 18,1995.(他出生在1995年二月十八日,星期一) They usually plant trees on the hills in spring. (4) (第一次使用)复数名词表示人或事物的类别时不用。 如:Men are cleverer than monkeys.(人比猴子聪明)(5) 三餐饭前不用。 如:We have breakfast at home and lunch at school. 节、假日前一般不用。 如:On Childrens Day the boys often get presents from their pare
33、nts. 球类名词前不用。 如:The children play football on Saturday afternoons.(6) 城市的重要/主要建筑物名称前不用。 如:They are now at Peoples Cinema. (7) 一些习惯用语中不用。如:at / to / from / out of / after / for school; in / to / for / after class;in / to / out of / into bed; after / at/ from / out of / to work; at / to sea; in / from
34、 / down / to town; at / from home; at / for / to breakfast/lunch/supper; at night/noon/midnight; on foot; go to school/bed【例题精讲】1. Shanghai is_ attractive city. Its such _ nice place that many tourists come here every summer.A. a; a B. the; / C. an; / D. an; a2. - My son seldom has breakfast.- It is
35、 unhealthy habit. You must ask him to change it.A. /; an B. the; an C. /; a D. the; a3. Lady Gaga is _very popular singer. She has lots of fans. A. a B. an C. the D. /4. This summer, Im going to visit Great Wall. A. a B. an C. the D. /5. Every day, Cathy eats _ apple to keep fit. A. a B. an C. the D
36、. /【答案】DAACB 1.Lee Min-ho is actor from South Korea. He sang Chinese pop song on the 2014 CCTV New Years Gala.A. the; anB. /; theC. an; aD. a; /2. Tong Liya is _ famous actress who acted as a country woman in _1970s in the TV showOrdinary World.A. a; / B. a; theC. the; the D. the; /3. -Dong Guijun i
37、s _ first man of Lianyungang to reach the top of Mount Qomolangma. -He is _ pride of us. A. the; / B. a; the C. the; theD. a; /4. -Yan Jiashuo, a _ girl, has won the prize of International Master of Memory. -Wow, shes great, isnt she? A. ten-year-oldB. ten-years-oldC. ten year oldD. ten years old5.
38、-Whatdoyouusuallyhavefor_breakfast,Peter? -Afriedegg,threepiecesofbreadandaglassofmilk.A.aB.anC.theD.不填【答案】CBCAD 方位介词(1)表示地点的介词1)at, in, onat一般指小地方;in一般指大地方或某个范围之内;on往往表示“在某个物体的表面”。例如:He arrived in Shanghai yesterday.They arrived at a small village before dark.There is a big hole in the wall.The tea
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