专题04 动词时态语态专项讲练-2023中考英语二轮复习讲练测（广东专用）.docx

1、2023中考英语二轮复习讲练测（广东专用） 专题04 动词时态语态动词时态 考点一、一般现在时的基本用法 1) 经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用。 时间状语： every, sometimes, at, on Sunday I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 2) 客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。 The earth moves around the sun. Shanghai lies in the east of China. 3) 表示格言或警句中。 Pride goes before a fall. 【注意】此用法如果出

2、现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。 例：Columbus proved that the earth is round. 4) 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。 I dont want so much. 5) 某些动词如 come, go, move, stop, leave, arrive, be, finish, continue, start 等，在一般现在时句中可用来表示将来肯定会发生的动作。 The train comes at 3 oclock. 6) 在时间状语从句或条件状语从句中，一般现在时代替一般将来时。 Ill help you as soon

3、as you have problem. Tell Xiao Li about it if you meet him. 判断标志：always=all the time，often，usually， every day(week, month, year, spring,Saturday) sometimes=at times= from time to time, at seven(six)，seldom, never, in the morning( afternoon、 evening,) on Sunday(Monday，Tuesday) once a year(month，week)

4、 three times a day twice a day, all the year around=all over the year, all day and all night, in the day=in the day time, at night 考点二、一般过去时的用法：表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内所发生的动作或情况，通常一般过去式带有表示动作时间状语的词，词组或从句,如 yesterday, the day before last, last week, two days ago 等,上下文清楚时可以不带时间状语。 I worked in that factory last

5、 year. 【注意】 1) 过去经常反复发生的动作，也可用used to或would加动词原形来表达，例 如： I used to go fishing on Sundays. 2) “used to”也可用于表示过去曾经存在过的状态。例如：This river used to be clean. 判断标志: 过去时间状语或过去经常性的时间状语.如：yesterday, the day before yesterday, last night(week, month, year, spring) an hour /three years ago, once, once upon a time

6、=long, long ago, 5 days later, the other day、 in 1988、 before liberation, just now， 以及由when, before, after, until等引导的状语从句表示过去的时间状语。 考点三、一般将来时的用法1） 表示将来的动作或状态。例如：I shall attend the meeting tomorrow. 2） 表示将来反复发生的动作或存在的状态。例如： He will go to see his mother every Saturdays. 3） 表示将来的意愿，决心，许诺， 命令等时常用will，征求

7、对方意见，主语 是第一人称时，常用shall。 I will do my best to catch up with them. Shall I open the door? 4） be + going + 动词不定式。也是一种将来时句型，表示打算，计划，最近 或将来要作的某事。 I am going to Beijing next week. 5） be + 动词不定式(to do)。表示有职责，义务，可能，约定，意图等。 There is to be a meeting this afternoon. We are to meet the guests at the station. 6）

8、 be about + 动词不定式(to do)，表示即将作某事。 They are about to leave. 判断标志：将来的时间状语如tomorrow, next week(month， year，spring, summer, autumn, winter, Monday), the day after tomorrow， in the future, soon, some day=one day等。 考点四、现在进行时的用法 构成：助动词 am/is /are +现在分词. 1) 现在进行时的用法表示说话者说话时正在发生或者进行的动作， 它注重 现在正在进行的动作，而不管动作从什

9、么时间开始，到什么时间结束。 What are you doing now? I am looking for my key. 2) 现在进行时表示目前一段时间内正在进行的动作（但说话时这个动作不一 定在进行）。 来源:Zxxk.ComThe students are preparing for the examination. 3) 某些动词的现在进行时可以表示即将发生的动作，这些动词有 arrive, come, leave, start等。 They are going to Hong Kong tomorrow. 【注意】有些动词一般不可以用于进行时态表示状态的动词，尤其是静态动词，如

10、：be, have 表示认识、知觉和情感的动词，如：know, think, hear, find, see, like, want, wish, prefer等。 判断标志：常与now, these days，at the moment, Its 7:11 now. 连用或通过上下文如： look, listen, 等词来暗示 考点五、现在完成时的用法 构成：have (has)+ 过去分词. 1) 现在完成时表示在说话之前已经完成或刚完成的动作。 I have bought a ten-speed bicycle. They have cleaned the classroom. 2) 现

11、在完成时表示动作从过去开始持续到现在，或者还有可能持续下去的动 作或状态。 现在完成时常与for 和 since 引导的短语或从句连用。 We have lived here since 1976. They have waited for more than two hours. 【注意】 一般过去时与现在完成时的区别 过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响；一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用。 试比较： I saw this film yesterday.（强调看的动作发生过了，不涉及现在） have se

12、en this film. （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。） 判断标志：these days., already, yet., ever, never, in the past last few years, in the past 20 years, so far = up till now, once, many times, recently, for +时间段, s ince+时间点, before， how long连用。不能与过去的时间连用。 考点六、过去进行时的用法 构成：助动词was, (were)+现在分词。 表示过去某个时刻正在进行的状态或动作。来源:Z|xx|

13、k.Com例如： I was watching TV when she came to see me. 【注意】 过去进行时和一般过去时都是过去发生的事情，但过去进行时侧重表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作或所处的状态，强调动作的连续进行，而一般过去时则表示单纯的过去事实，例如： They were building a house last month. （上个月正在建造，建造好与否不知） They built a new house last month. （上个月建造好了，动作已经完成） 判断标志：（常与表示过去某一时刻的时间状语连用，如：this time yesterday. at se

14、ven yesterday evening.或由when while等引起的状语从句。 考点七、过去完成时的用法构成：助动词had+ 过去分词. 过去完成时表示过去某一时刻或某一动作之前完成的动作或所处的状态，过去完成时常和 by , before 等词组成的短语和从句连用。 We had already learned two thousands words by the end of last year. When we arrived at the station, they had waited for more than twenty minutes. 判断标志：by the end

15、 of last month, by the end of last year, by nine oclock,等时间 考点八、过去将来时的用法由would +动原构成或was(were) going to+动原 构成。过去将来时表示从过去某个时间看将要发生的动作或存在地状态，过去将来时较多地被运用在宾语从句中。 例如： They were going to have a meeting. I told him that I would see him off at the station. 判断标志：the next week, the next year连用语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。

16、主语是动作的发出者为主动语态；主语是动作的接受者为被动语态。 动词的语态初中英语需要掌握的8种时态：一般现在时、一般过去时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时一般将来时和过去将来时。【知识梳理】xx|k.Com被动语态 1) 被动语态最基本的句型结构是： be +及物动词过去分词 2) 被动语态中的谓语动词一定要是及物动词 因为被动句中的主语是动作的承受者，某些短语动词如look after, think of, take care of, work out, laugh at等，也可用于被动语态。 The children were taken good care of by h

17、er. 【注意】 短语动词中的介词或副词变成被动语态时不可遗漏。 3) 主动语态变为被动语态要加“to”的情况 若宾语补足语是不带to 的不定式，变为被动语态时，该不定式前要加to。此类动词为感官动词，如：feel, hear, help, listen to, look at, make, observe, see, notice, watch等。例如： The teacher made me go out of the classroom. I was made to go out of the classroom (by the teacher). 4) 主动形式表示被动意义 如wash

18、, clean, look, cut, sell, read, wear, feel, draw, write, sell等动词虽然用做主动形式却表示被动的意义。例如： The food tastes good.考点一.被动语态的构成：助动词be + 及物动词的过去分词。助动词be有人称、数和时态的变化。(1)一般现在时的被动语态：am(is ,are) + 动词过去分词Rice is grown in China .中国出产大米。(2)一般过去时的被动语态：Was(were) + 动词过去分词These photos were taken last year .这些照片是去年照的。(3)含有

19、情态动词的被动语态：来源:情态动词 + be + 动词过去分词This car can be mended in an hour .这辆小汽车一小时就能修好。考点二、主动语态变被动语态的方法：(1)把主动语态的宾语提前变为被动语态的主语。(2)把主动语态的谓语动词变为被动结构。但时态应保持一致，但人称和数的形式取决于被动语态的主语。(3)把主动结构的主语变为介词by的宾语，组成介词短语，有时可以省略。考点三、(1)被动语态的用法(即何时用被动语态)。(2)主动语态变被动语态的方法(怎样变)。考点三、(1)一般现在时的被动语态。(2)一般过去时的被动语态。(3)含有情态动词的被动语态。(4)将主

20、动语态的句子变为被动语态。有关动词的语态在历年各地中考题中约占3分左右。来源:考点四、主动语态改成被动语态方法把主动语态改为被动语态非常简单，可以遵循以下几个步骤：1. 将主动语态的宾语作被动语态的主语；2. 谓语动词变为be+及物动词的过去分词，并通过be的变化来表达出 不同的时态；3主动语态的主语变为介词by的宾语，组成介词短语放在被动结构中的谓语动词之后。（有时by的短语可以省略）；例：1. Bruce writes a letter every week. A letter is written by Bruce every week .考点五、被动语态的用法：1. 一般现在时的被动语

21、态构成：is / am / are + 及物动词的过去分词 Our classroom is cleaned everyday.2. 一般过去时的被动语态构成：was / were + 及物动词的过去分词 A new shop was built last year.3. 现在完成时的被动语态构成：has / have + been + 及物动词的过去分词 This book has been translated into many languages.4. 一般将来时的被动语态构成：will+ be + 及物动词的过去分词 Many more trees will be planted n

22、ext year.5. 含有情态动词的被动语态构成：情态动词+ be + 及物动词的过去分词 Young trees must be watered often.6. 现在进行时的被动语态构成：am / is / are + being + 及物动词的过去分词 Uncle Wang is mending my bike now. My bike is being repaired by Tom now.7. 不定式的被动语态：to + be + 及物动词的过去分词 There are tw o books to be read. There are twenty more trees to b

23、e planted.考点六、使用被动语态应注意的几个问题：1. 不及物动词无被动语态。 What will happen in 100 years. The dinosaurs disappeared about 65 million years ago.2. 有些动词用主动形式表示被动意义。This pen writes well. This new book sells well.3. 感官动词或使役动词使用省 略to的动词不定式，主动语态中不带to，但变为被动语态时，须加上to。 例：make somebody do somethingsomebody+ be +made to do s

24、omething see somebody do so methingsomebody +be +seen to do something The boss made the little boy do heavy work.The li ttle boy was made to do heavy work by the boss.4. 如果是接双宾语的动词改为被动语态时，直接宾语(物)作主语，那么动词后要用介词，这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定。 He gave me a book.A book was given to me by him. He showed me a ticket.A t

25、icket was shown to me by him.5. 一些动词短语用于被动语态时，动词短语应当看作一个整体，而不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。 We cant laugh at him. He cant be laughed at by us.二、 主要考查方式单项选择题三、主要题型1.Have you ever been to Xiamen?Yes. I _ there in 2013.A. go B. went C.have gone来源:Z_X_X_K【答案】B考点：考查动词时态辨析。2.Ben, why are you watching TV at this time? How a

26、bout your homework? I_ all of it, Morn. I want to have a rest.来源:Zxxk.ComA. finish B. am finishing C. have finished【答案】C来源:ZXXK【解析】试题分析：句意为：-本，你为什么这个时候还在看电视？你的作业做得怎么样了？-妈妈，我已经都做完了。我想要休息一下。根据语境可知，这里表示的是一个过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，应用现在完成时。结合选项可知应选C。考点：考查现在完成时的用法。3.I _ with my parents when he rang me up yeste

27、rday afternoon.A. am shoppingB. am shopingC. was shoppingD. was shoping 【答案】C【解析】试题分析：句意：昨天下午他给我打电话时，我正和父母一起买东西。一个过去动作发生时，另一个过去动作正在发生，把正在发生的动作用成过去进行时态。他给我打电话时，我购物的动作正在发生，购物的动作用过去进行时态，shop的现在分词：shop是一个元音字母o，一个辅音字母p结尾的重读闭音节，要双写p再加ing。故选C。考点：考查动词的时态。4. If it , we will go hiking at Cool City Park.A. not

28、 rain B. dont rain C. wont rain D. doesnt rain【答案】D考点：考查动词时态。5.To our surprise, the walls of the new bookstore _books.A. are lined with B. is lined with C. have lined with【答案】A【解析】来源:试题分析：句意：令我们惊奇的是，新书店的墙上排满了书。用把布满/排满：linewith。主语the walls是谓语动词line的承受者，用被动语态；the walls是主语中心词，of the new bookstore是作定语的介

29、词短语，主语是复数，谓语也要用复数形式。故选A。考点： 考查被动语态。6. Lots of trees and flowers _ in Zhangzhou every year.来源:Zxxk.Com Youre right. That makes our city more and more beautiful.A. are planted B. were planted C will be planted【答案】A【解析】来源:Z&xx&k.Com试题分析：句意为：-每年漳州都种植大量的树木和花草。-你说得对。这使得我们的城市越来越漂亮。根据语境可知，这里指的是一个经常性的动作，应用一般

30、现在时，主语是动作的承受者，应用被动语态。结合选项可知应选A。考点：考查被动语态的用法。7.Now its much easier to shop online when your order is ready, the things you want to buy to you soon.来源:Zxxk.Com A. send B. were sent C. are sending D. will be sent【答案】D考点：考查动词时态及语态。8. I wonder when Subway in Harbin . When the day comes, I ll spend less t

31、ime going to school every day. A. is finish B. will be finished C. was finished【答案】B【解析】试题分析：句意：我想知道哈尔滨地铁2号什么时候竣工。当这一天到来的时候，我每天都会花更少的时间去上Subway 是finish这一动作的承受者，该用被动语态。而被动语态是由助动词be+及物动词的过去分词构成。结合语境，所以选B。考点：考查被动语态。9.You cant wear shoes inside this place.It_.A.doesnt allow B.isnt allowed来源:Z,X,X,KC.has

32、nt allowed D.wasnt allowed【答案】B【解析】试题分析：句意：在这个地方里面你不能穿鞋。穿鞋是不被允许的。A.doesnt allow主动语态的一般现在时；B.isnt allowed被动语态的一般现在时；C.hasnt allowed主动语态的现在完成时；D.wasnt allowed被动语态的过去时态。根据句意可知it指穿鞋这件事，所以主语和谓语动词之间是动宾关系，要用被动语态，根据这是规矩，所以用一般现在时，故选B。考点：考查一般现在时的被动语态。10.Last week the old books _ to raise money for Free the Ch

33、ildren. A. sold B. are sold C. were sold【答案】C考点：考查动词的时态、语态辨析。【典例精析】动词时态动词的基本形式：英语动词有四种基本形式：动词原形，过去式，过去分词和现在分词。这四种动词形式和助动词一起构成动词的时态，语态和语气。来源:ZXXK1. 动词的原形。就是词典中所给的形式。例如：be, have, buy, sit.例：The shop in Wanda Square _ for six years, but I _ there so far. A. has opened; havent gone B. has been open; hav

34、ent been C. has been open; havent gone D. has opened; havent been【答案】B【解析】试题分析：句意：万达广场的商店已经开业六年了，但是我到目前为止还没有去过那里。现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的动作（用行为动词表示）或状态（be动词表示）常与for（+时间段）,since（+时间点或过去时的句子）连用. 现在完成时中，非延续性动词不能与for和since引导的表示一段时间的状语连用，通常是用相应的延续性动词来代替。open 对应的延续性状态词是 be open;have gone to 去了某地；have

35、been to曾经去过某地，结合句意，故选B。考点：考查现在完成时态的用法。2.动词过去式和过去分词的构成有规则的和不规则的两种形式。规则动词的过去式和过去分词，由在原形动词的后面加词尾 -ed 构成。例如：work - worked - worked. 不规则动词的过去式和过去分词的形式是不规则的，须要一一记忆。 例如：go - went - gone, do - did - done.例 Where did you go last weekend? I to the Great Wall.A. goB. wentC. will goD. have gone【答案】B考点：考查一般过去时的用

36、法。3.动词的现在分词由动词原形加 -ing 构成。构成方法如下：a）一般情况在动词原形后加 -ing 。例如：go-going stand-standingb）以不发音的 e 结尾的动词，去掉 e ，再加 -ing. 动词是闭音节的单音节词，或是以重读闭音节结尾的多音节词，而末尾只有一辅音字母时，这个辅音字母须双写，然后再加 ing。例如：arrive- arrivingget- getting.c）少数几个以 -ie 结尾的动词，须将 ie 变成 y ，再加 ing. 例如：die-dying lie-lying。例：I saw Sam and David in the playgroun

37、d yesterday afternoon. They games with their classmates then.A. playB. will playC. are playingD. were playing【答案】D【解析】试题分析：句意：昨天下午我看到萨姆和大卫在操场上。那个时候他们正在和他们的同班同学玩游戏。A. play一般现在时；B. will play一般将来时；C. are playing现在进行时；D. were playing过去进行时。结合语境，可知用过去进行时，故选D。考点：考查动词的时态的用法。4. 动词的时态英语动词的时态是一种动词的形式。不同的动词时态用以

38、表示不同的时间和方式。共有十六种时态。来源:ZXXK一般时 进行时 完成时 完成进行时一般现在时 现在进行时 现在完成时 现在完成进行时来源:ZXXK一般过去时 过去进行时 过去完成时 过去完成进行时一般将来时 将来进行时 将来完成时 将来完成进行时一般过去将来时 过去将来进行时 过去将来完成时 过去将来完成进行时十六种时态的谓语形式一般时态 进行时态 完成时态 完成进行时态现在 do/does am/is/are doing have/has done have/has been doing过去 did was/were doing had done had been doing将来 sha

39、ll/will do shall/will be doing shall/will have done shall/will have been doing过去将来 should/would do should/would be doing should/would have done should/would have been doing 例 These days, teenagers often have to do what they _ to. Its not good for their independence. They need to think on their own.A

40、. tell B. are telling C. are told【答案】C考点：考查被动语态的用法。动词语态使用被动语态应注意的几个问题：考点一、不及物动词无被动语态。What will happen in 100 years.The dinosaurs disappeared about 65 million years ago.考点二、有些动词用主动形式表示被动意义。This pen writes well.This new book sells well.考点三、感官动词或使役动词使用省略to的动词不定式，主动语态中不带to ，但变为被动语态时，须加上to 。例：make somebo

41、dy do somethingsomebody+ be +made to do somethingsee somebody do somethingsomebody +be +seen to do somethingA girl saw my wallet drop when she passed by.My wallet was seen to drop by a girl when she passed by.The boss made the little boy do heavy work.The little boy was made to do heavy work by the

42、boss.考点四、如果是接双宾语的动词改为被动语态时，直接宾语(物)作主语，那么动词后要用介词，这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定。He gave me a book.A book was given to me by him.He showed me a ticket.A ticket was shown to me by him.My father bought me a new bike. A new bike was bought for me by my father.考点五、一些动词短语用于被动语态时，动词短语应当看作一个整体，而不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。We cant laugh h

43、im. He cant be laugh by us.He listens to the radio every day. The radio is listened to by him every day.The nurse is taking care of the sick man. The sick man is being taken care of by the nurse一些特殊的被动结构考点六、主动形式表示被动意义的词。常见的有：动词want, need, require, deserve后用动名词的主动形式，这时，动名词同句中主语有动宾关系。This point deserv

44、es mentioning.The window want / requires repairing.The children need looking after.有些及物动词后须加副词（如well, easily等），形成不及物动词短语，没有被动语态。 （有些可不加）如：act, clean, cut, draw, lock, open, read, strike, write, break, build, burn, drive, eat, play, prove, sell, shut, wash, write等动词。如：This knife cuts well.这把刀很好用。This

45、 book sells well.这书卖得很好。The play wont act.这戏不宜上演。The door wont shut.这门关不上。The cloth washes/sells well.这布很经洗（畅销）。形容词worth后直接加动名词时。The book is worth reading twice.某些作表语的形容词后，用不定式主动形式表示被动意义。The fish is not fit to eat.某些感官动词和系动词（如feel, look, prove, smell, sound, taste, wear等）与形容词连用时。 The dish tastes del

46、icious.The water feels very cold.考点七、以下动词构成的句子不能改为被动句：动词leave, enter, reach等的宾语是表示处所、地点（国家、团体、组织、军队）等。 表示状态的动词，如become, benefit, cost, contain, equal, fit, fail, have, lack, last, mean, look like等来源:下列不及物动词及短语动词：appear, belong to, break out, die, happen, lie, occurs, rise, take place, agree with, be

47、long to, consist of, have on, keep up with及一些固定词组，如keep words, lose hearts, make a face等。宾语是反身代词、相互代词、同源宾语、不定式、动名词。（7）Let 开头的祈使句的被动式为：Let + 宾语 + be done。Dont let your duties be forgotten.（8）“据报道”句型It was reported that 中的report可用believe, consider, declare, except, feel, know, say, see, suppose, think

48、, understand等词替换。It is expected that hell come tomorrow.= He is expected to come tomorrow.It is said that据说It is reported that据报道It is believed that大家相信It is hoped that大家希望It is well known that众所周知It is thought that大家认为It is suggested that据建议It is taken granted that被视为当然It has been decided that大家决定I

49、t must be remembered that务必记住的是考点八、必须牢记的固定句式里面的时态要求：1.This is the first time I have done sth.2.It has been two years since he went aboard.3.I was about to go out when the telephone rang.4.Hardly had I got home when the telephone rang.5.No sooner had I got home than the telephone rang.来源:ZXXK6.It wont be long before he comes back.