专题04 新能源汽车-备战2023高考英语语法填空热点话题分类训练（高考模拟真题 各地最新真题） .docx

1、备战2023高考英语语法填空热点话题分类训练(高考模拟真题+名校最新真题)专题04 新能源汽车（2022重庆高三一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Many European countries have been making the shift to electric vehicles and Germany has just stated that they plan to ban the sale of vehicles _1_(consume) gasoline and diesel (柴油) as fuel by 2030. The country

2、 is also planning to reduce its carbon footprint by 80-95% by 2050, sparking a shift to green energy in the country. _2_ (effect), the ban will include the registration of new cars in the country as they will not allow any gasoline powered vehicles _3_ (register) after 2030.Part of the reason for _4

3、_this ban is being discussed and implemented is that energy _5_ (office) see that they will not reach their emissions goals by 2050 if they do not eliminate a large portion of vehicle emissions. The country is still hopeful that it will meet its emissions goals, like reducing emissions by 40% by 202

4、0. But in the past few years, the acceptance of electric cars in the country _6_ (occur) more slowly than expected.Other efforts to increase the use of electric vehicles include plans to build over 1 million electric car battery charging stations across the country. According to the International Bu

5、siness Times, electric car sales _7_(expect) to increase as Volkswagen is still recovering _8_ its emissions scandal (丑闻).As countries continue setting goals of reducing emissions, greater steps need to be taken to have _9_ noticeable effect on the surrounding environment. _10_the efforts are certai

6、nly not useless, the results of such bans will likely only start to be seen by generations down the line, bettering the world for the future.（2022浙江高三专题练习）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。At the end of the 19th century, nearly 40 percent of American cars were electric. In cities with early electr

7、ic systems, battery-powered cars were _11_ popular and reliable choice, compared with their gas-powered competitors. _12_ early car batteries were expensive and inefficient. At the same time, new _13_ (discover) of oil fields lowered the price of gas, and new advances made gas-powered cars more appe

8、aling. Thats why gas-powered cars _14_ (rule) the roads for the next 55 years. Aside from some special-purpose vehicles, electric cars were nowhere to be found.However, in the 1980s, the tide began to turn. Studies associating car emissions _15_ smog(霾) encouraged governments to reconsider electric

9、vehicles. Many companies were developing increasingly efficient batteries at that time. In 2008, Tesla Motors went further,_16_ (attract) the attention of the world with its lithium-ion-powered (锂电的) sport cars, _17_ could travel more than 320kms on a single charge. Since then, electric vehicles _18

10、_ (improve) in cost, performance, efficiency and availability. They can accelerate _19_ (fast) than gas powered sports cars. And though some models still have a high upfront cost, they save their drivers money in the long run.As governments around the world focus on slowing climate change, electric

11、vehicles are now expected _20_ (replace) gas-powered ones altogether. Soon, electric cars will reclaim their place on the road.（2022青海西宁高三二模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Electric vehicles (EVs) are a strong weapon in the worlds efforts _21_ global warming, But the effects of EVs depend on which c

12、ountry you are in, new research shows.The researchers compared gas emissions (排放) caused by charging an EV to drive 100 kilometers with the emissions _22_ (come) from an average gasoline car driven the same _23_ ( distant).Countries _24_ charging an electric vehicle is _25_ (clean) than driving a ga

13、soline-powered car use a lot of hydroelectric (水电), nuclear or solar power. Data suggests that an electric vehicle in Poland actually _26_ (create) more carbon emissions because its electric system depends so much on coal. In other European countries, however, EVs result in reduced emissions.Germany

14、 creates a lot of electricity from the sun and wind. But they do not add to the electricity system _27_ (equal) throughout the day. For this reason, the amount of carbon emissions saved by driving an EV depends on the time of day when it _28_ (charge). Charging in the afternoon, when there is more s

15、un and wind, saves 16 to 18 percent more carbon than at night when electricity systems are more likely _29_ (use) gas or coal.The gap in emissions between electric and gasoline powered vehicles has narrowed in recent years. In Europe, carmakers have been required to meet EU carbon reduction standard

16、s. They have made their gasoline engines more fuel-efficient. As _30_ result, the carbon emissions of new gasoline-powered cars in Europe fell by an average of 25 percent between 2006 and 2016.（2022陕西汉台中学高三阶段练习）阅读下而短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或拈号内单词的正确形式。Car makers are spending a lot of money on electric cars.

17、In the future, electric cars will replace petrol cars. _31_ (environmental) believe this will reduce the amount of CO2 put into the atmosphere. A big problem for electric cars is charging the batteries. Some batteries in todays electric cars can take up to 12 hours _32_ (charge) fully. However, a co

18、mpany says it has created a new battery that people can charge _33_ just five minutes. This is the same amount of time it takes to fill a tank of gas with petrol. The new batteries _34_ (develop) by the Israeli company StorcDot.The new batteries could _35_ (total) transform driving. They would mean

19、electric cars would be able to travel as far as petrol cars. Many people with electric cars today suffer from _36_ stress caused by worrying about the batteries _37_ (run) out of electricity. A Store- Dot spokesperson said:“Youre either afraid that youre going to get stuck on the highway, or _38_you

20、re going to need to sit in a charging station for two hours.” The new batteries would end this _39_ (anxious). “Were at the point of achieving a revolution in the electric vehicle charging experience. It means the switch from petrol cars to electric cars will happen much _40_ (fast)” said the man.（2

21、022湖南株洲市南方中学高二阶段练习）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Most people are very familiar with the traditional cars being driven by burning fuel. And many have heard of electric cars, _41_ are kind to the environment, but few people know about Tesla. Tesla is a world-famous brand of an electric car made by T

22、esla, Inc., _42_ (devote) to the design and production of high quality luxury electric cars. Now it has become _43_ second name for the electric car.Tesla electric cars are _44_(wide) considered as the safest, the most luxurious and fashionable cars. They are free of pollution; they are quick _45_ (

23、speed) up and quiet to travel in. Furthermore, theyre easy to drive and comfortable to sit in. Their _46_ (big) advantage is that once charged, they can travel as far as 500 kilometers.Like many other new energy car makers, Tesla also _47_ (come) across many barriers(阻碍) in terms of technology in th

24、e beginning, but they didnt give up. They overcome the _48_ (difficulty) one by one and eventually produced the first Roadster(跑车) successfully in 2008.2010 was no doubt a vital year _49_ Tesla, in which the company was successfully registered on the NASDAQ stock exchange(纳斯达克股票交易市场). Today, Tesla e

25、lectric cars _50_ (sell) all over the world. Most of their owners are buyers who are rich and crazy about protecting the environment.（2022广东广州高二期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Car makers are making more electric cars. They _51_(replace) petrol cars in the future. This will cut the amount of CO2 i

26、n the atmosphere. A big problem is charging the battery. Some batteries in electric cars can take up to 12 hours _52_(charge). However, a foreign company says it has made a lithium-ion battery _53_ can charge in just five minutes. This is the same amount of time it takes to fill _54_ tank of gas. Th

27、e new lithium-ion batteries were developed by the foreign company while _55_ are produced by a Chinese company. The new batteries could transform driving. Electric cars could travel as far as petrol cars, but they can give people “range _56_(anxious)”. This is stress _57_(cause) by worrying about th

28、e battery running out _58_ power. A spokesperson said: “Youre either afraid that youre going to get stuck on the highway, or _59_ youre going to need to sit in a charging station for two hours.” He added: “Were at the point of achieving a revolution in the electric vehicle charging experience. He sa

29、id the switch from petrol to electric will happen _60_(rapid).（2022全国高三专题练习）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。An electric car is an automobile that is driven by one or more electric motors, using electrical energy stored in rechargeable batteries or another energy storage device. The first _61_ （pract

30、ice）electric cars were produced in the 1880s. Electric cars were popular in the late 19th century and early 2Oth century. Since2008,_62_ boom in electric vehicle producing _63_ （occur）due to the progress in batteries and energy management, concerns about increasing oil prices, and the need _64_ （red

31、uce）greenhouse gas emissions（排放）Nowadays, electric cars _65_ （design）for common people. Engineers are working to make them more attractive to future buyers. Electric cars capacity for speed has increased _66_ （dramatic）in recent years, and world speed records for these vehicles now top 300 miles per

32、 hour. Additionally, advancements in _67_ （efficient）are making some potential buyers consider replacing a gasoline-powered vehicle with a new, attractive, electric-powered model. Another attraction for people is _68_ in many areas, electric cars are qualified _69_ carpool lane access. _70_ the traf

33、fic on the freeway is heavy during your rush hour commute（通勤）, an electric car may be just the solution you need to get you moving to work, school, home, or wherever you are traveling.（2021河北石家庄高三阶段练习）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Electric vehicles are better for the climate than gas-powered car

34、s, but many Americans are still hesitant to buy them. One reason: the larger upfront cost (前期成本).New data_71_ (publish) Thursday shows that despite the higher sticker price, electric cars may actually save drivers money in the long run.To reach this_72_ (conclude),ateamattheMassachusettsInstituteofT

35、echnology calculated both the carbon dioxide emissions_73_ full lifetime cost including purchase price, maintenance and fuel for nearly every new car model on the market. They found electric cars were _74_ (easy) more climate friendly than gas-burning ones. Over a lifetime, they were often_75_ (chea

36、p), too.Climate scientists say vehicle electrification is one of the bestways_76_ (reduce) planet-warming greenhouse gas emissions. In the United States, the transportation sector is the largest source of emissions, most of_77_ come from cars and trucks.Jessika Trancik, _78_ associate professor of e

37、nergy studies at M.I.T. who led the research, _79_ (say) the data would “help people learnabout how those upfront costs are spread overthelifetime of the car.” For electric cars, lower costs of maintenance and charging compared_80_ gasoline prices tend to offset (抵消) the higher upfront price over ti

38、me.参考答案：1consuming2Effectively3to be registered4which5officials6has occurred7are expected8from9a10While#Although#Though【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了许多欧洲国家已经转向电动汽车，计划禁止销售燃烧汽油和柴油的汽车，并介绍了计划和实施禁令的原因以及影响。1考查非谓语动词。句意：许多欧洲国家已经开始转向电动汽车，德国刚刚表示，他们计划到2030年禁止销售以汽油和柴油为燃料的汽车。分析句子结构，空处作非谓语动词，consume与被修饰词vehicles之间是主动关系，应用现在分词

39、形式作后置定语。故填consuming。2考查副词。句意：实际上，这项禁令将包括在该国注册新车，因为2030年后，他们将不允许任何汽油动力汽车注册。分析句子结构，空处修饰整个句子，应用副词形式作状语，effectively是副词，表示“实际上”。故填Effectively。3考查非谓语动词。句意：实际上，这项禁令将包括在该国注册新车，因为2030年后，他们将不允许任何汽油动力汽车注册。allow sb./sth. to do sth.表示“允许某人/某物做某事”，且register与vehicles之间是被动关系，空处应填不定式的被动式。故填to be registered。4考查定语从句。句

40、意：讨论和实施这项禁令的部分原因是，能源官员认为，如果不消除大部分车辆排放，他们将无法在2050年之前实现排放目标。分析句子结构，空处应填关系词，构成“for+关系代词”引导定语从句，修饰先行词the reason，先行词指物，空处应用which。故填which。5考查名词。句意：讨论和实施这项禁令的部分原因是，能源官员认为，如果不消除大部分车辆排放，他们将无法在2050年之前实现排放目标。结合语意，空处应用official表示“官员”，且此处表示泛指，应用名词的复数形式。故填officials。6考查时态。句意：但在过去几年里，电动汽车在该国的普及速度比预期的要慢。根据时间状语in the

41、past few years可知，句子应用现在完成时，且主语acceptance是不可数名词，空处应用has occurred。故填has occurred。7考查时态和语态。句意：据国际商业时报报道，由于大众汽车仍在从排放丑闻中恢复，电动汽车销量预计将增加。分析句子结构，空处作句子谓语，根据is recovering以及句意可知，空处应用一般现在时描述现在的一般性情况，expect与主语electric car sales之间是被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态，且主语electric car sales是复数，be动词应用are。故填are expected。8考查介词。句意：据国际商业时

42、报报道，由于大众汽车仍在从排放丑闻中恢复，电动汽车销量预计将增加。recover from为固定结构，表示“从中恢复”。故填from。9考查冠词。句意：随着各国继续制定减排目标，需要采取更大的措施对周围环境产生显著影响。have a/an +形容词+effect on sth.表示“对某物有的影响”，noticeable是辅音音素开头的单词，前边应用a。故填a。10考查连词。句意：尽管这些努力肯定不是徒劳的，但这些禁令的结果很可能只会开始被后代看到，为未来改善世界。结合语意，空处引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管”，可用while/although/though引导从句。故填While/Althou

43、gh/Though。11a12But13discoveries14ruled15with16attracting17which18have improved19faster20to replace【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲了汽车的发展历程。九十年代末，汽油车比较受欢迎。但后期由于环境污染和技术发展，电车变得更流行。11考查冠词。句意：在拥有早期电力系统的城市，与汽油车相比，电动汽车是一个受欢迎且可靠的选择。本句中表语“choice”是单数名词，前面要有冠词修饰。故填a。12考查连词。句意：但早期电车的电池很贵并且效率不高。根据上文“In cities with early electr

44、ic systems, battery-powered cars were a popular and reliable choice, compared with their gas-powered competitors. (在拥有早期电力系统的城市，与汽油车相比，电动汽车是一个受欢迎且可靠的选择。)”，表明电动汽车的优点。本句讲的是电动汽车的缺点，因此中间需加连词表转折。故填But。13考查名词。句意：同时，新发现的油田使天然气价格降低，汽油车的新发展让它更具吸引力。“new”是形容词，应该修饰名词，而且句中“oil fields”是复数。故填discoveries。14考查动词。句意：

45、这就是为什么在接下来的55年里，汽油车统治了交通。本句是why引导的表语从句，rule是从句中的谓语动词。根据上下文可知，本文讲的是过去的事，因此此空的时态是一般过去时。故填ruled。15考查介词。句意：将汽车尾气排放与雾霾联系起来的研究鼓励政府重新考虑电动汽车。固定短语“associate A with B”意为“把A和B联系起来”。根据本句句意，把汽车尾气排放和雾霾联系起来。故填with。16考查非谓语动词。句意：特斯拉公司进行了更深的研究，以锂电汽车吸引了全世界的注意，这种汽车充一次电可行驶320公里以上。本句谓语动词是travel，因此attract是非谓语动词。因为“吸引”和主语“

46、特斯拉”是主动关系。故填attracting。17考查定语从句。句意：特斯拉公司进行了更深的研究，以锂电汽车吸引了全世界的注意，这种汽车充一次电可行驶320公里以上。分析句子可知，“_ could travel more than 320kms on a single charge.”是定语从句，先行词是lithium-ion-sport cars。定语从句缺主语，指物，且本句是非限制性定语从句。故填which。18考查时态。句意：从那时起，电动汽车在成本，性能，效率和可用性方面都有所提高。句中improve是谓语动词，根据句中时间状语“since then”可知，本句应填现在完成时。因为主语

47、是复数，应该用have done。故填have improved。19考查形容词比较级。句意：它们可以比汽油车加速更快。因句中有“than”，可知是比较级。故填faster。20考查固定搭配。句意：随着世界各国政府对减缓气候变化的关注，电动汽车现在有望完全取代汽油车。因为有固定搭配“be expected to do sth.”意为“被期望做某事”。故填to replace。21against22coming23distance24where25cleaner26creates27equally28is being charged29to use30a【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了为了应对

48、全球变暖，全球开始使用电动汽车来减少碳排放。【详解】1.考查介词。句意：电动汽车是全球应对全球变暖的有力武器。结合句中“a strong weapon in the worlds efforts及global warming”可知，此处指这是应对全球变暖的有利武器。介词against“抵抗，应对”，符合题意，故填against。2.考查非谓语动词。句意：研究人员比较了充电汽车行驶100公里的气体排放量和行驶相同距离的普通汽油车的排放量。此处使用非谓语作后置定语，emissions与come from为主谓关系，所以此处用现在分词coming。故填coming。3.考查名词。句意同上。结合设空前

49、same可知，此处要用名词。distance“距离”为名词，符合题意，此处表单数意义，故填distance。4.考查定语从句。句意：在那些给电动汽车充电比驾驶汽油动力汽车更清洁的国家，大量使用水电、核能或太阳能。分析可知，“_ charging an electric vehicle is _(clean) than driving a gasoline-powered car ”为定语从句，先行词为countries，在从句中作地点状语，所以要用关系副词where。故填where。5.考查比较级。句意同上。结合设空那个后than可知，此处要用形容词比较级。故填cleaner。6.考查时态。句

50、意：数据显示，波兰的电动汽车实际上产生了更多的碳排放，因为其电力系统非常依赖煤炭。分析可知，“that an electric vehicle in Poland actually_ (create) more carbon emissions”为宾语从句，空白处为宾语从句的谓语，结合主句谓语suggests可知，此处的时态为一般现在时。从句主语“an electric vehicle”为单数含义，所以此处动词用单三形式。故填creates。7.考查副词。句意：但是它们并不能在一天中，平均地增加电力系统。分析可知，空白处在句中为状语，修饰动词短语“add to the electricity”

51、，所以此处要用副词。故填equally。8.考查时态语态。句意：基于这个原因，驾驶电动车所节省的碳排放量取决于一天中充电的时间。分析可知，空白处为when引导的时间状语从句的谓语，时间状语the time of day表明这是现在某一时间点正在发生的动作，从句主语it与动词charge为被动关系，所以此处要用现在进行时的被动语态。故填is being charged。9.考查非谓语动词。句意：在下午充电，当有更多的阳光和风时，可以节省16% 至18% 的碳，相比晚上，电力系统更可能使用天然气或煤炭。短语：be likely to do sth.“可能做某事”为固定短语，结合空前“are mor

52、e likely ”可知，此处填to use。10.考查冠词。句意：结果，2006年至2016年间，欧洲新型汽油动力汽车的碳排放量平均下降了25% 。短语：as a result“因此，结果”为固定短语，结合空白前后，故填a。31Environmentalists32to charge33in#within34were developed35totally36the37running38that39anxiety40faster【分析】本文是说明文。为了减少大气中二氧化碳的含量，汽车制造商正在制造更多的电动汽车，但给它们充电成为了问题。文章主要介绍了一种新的电池，它能在五分钟内充满电，这将完全

53、改变电动车的驾驶情况。31考查名词。句意：环保主义者认为这将会减少排放到大气中的二氧化碳。此处为名词作主语，且指人，应用environmentalist，结合谓语动词believe可知主语为复数形式。故填Environmentalists。32考查非谓语动词。句意：现在电动汽车中的一些电池充电可能需要12个小时。分析可知，此处为固定表达take+时间+to do“花时间做某事”，用不定式表目的。故填to charge。33考查介词。句意：然而，一个公司说自己已经发明了一种五分钟之内就可以充满电的电池。结合句意表达“五分钟之内”应用介词in/within。故填in/within。34考查时态和语

54、态。句意：这种新电池是由以色列StorcDot公司开发的。空处为句子谓语，陈述过去的动作应用一般过去时，主语batteries和develop是被动关系，用被动语态。故填were developed。35考查副词。句意：这种新电池会完全改变驾驶。修饰动词transform应用副词。故填totally。36考查冠词。句意：如今，许多使用电动汽车的人承受着担心电池电量耗尽的压力。此处特指由“电池电量耗尽带来的压力”，应用定冠词修饰名词stress。故填the。37考查非谓语动词。句意：如今，许多使用电动汽车的人承受着担心电池电量耗尽的压力。分析可知，此处应用动名词和上文名词the batterie

55、s构成动名词的复合结构，作介词about的宾语，the batteries和run out of为主动关系，用动名词的一般式即可。故填running。38考查宾语从句。句意：“你要么担心会被困在高速路上，要么需要在充电站等上两小时。”分析可知，空处引导宾语从句，从句成分和意义都完整，应用连接词that。故填that。39考查名词。句意：新电池会结束这种担忧。此处应用名词作end的宾语，指示代词this提示用单数。故填anxiety。40考查副词比较级。句意：这意味着从汽油车转向电动汽车的速度将大大加快。修饰动词happen应用副词，结合语境和much可知此处应用比较级。故填faster。41w

56、hich42devoted43a44widely45to speed46biggest47came48difficulties49for50are sold【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了特斯拉电动汽车，特斯拉电动汽车被广泛认为是最安全、最豪华、最时尚的汽车。介绍了其特点以及优势等情况。41考查定语从句。句意：很多人都听说过电动汽车，因为它对环境很好，但很少有人知道特斯拉。此处为非限制性定语从句修饰先行词electric cars，先行词在从句中作主语，指物，故用关系代词which引导。故填which。42考查形容词。句意：特斯拉是世界知名的特斯拉公司旗下的电动汽车品牌，致力于高品质豪华

57、电动汽车的设计和生产。表示“致力于”短语为be devoted to，此处省略be动词，形容词作状语。故填devoted。43考查冠词。句意：现在，它已经成为电动汽车的另一个名字。name为可数名词，此处表泛指应用不定冠词，且second是发音以辅音音素开头的单词，应用a，a second意为“再一，又一”。故填a。44考查副词。句意：特斯拉电动汽车被广泛认为是最安全、最豪华、最时尚的汽车。修饰后文动词consider应用副词widely，作状语。故填widely。45考查非谓语动词。句意：它们没有污染；它们加速快，行驶安静。此处为be adj. to do sth.结构，表示“快速做某事”应

58、用be quick to do sth.。故填to speed。46考查最高级。句意：它们最大的优势是，一旦充电，它们可以行驶500公里。结合句意表示“最大的”应用形容词的最高级biggest。故填biggest。47考查时态。句意：特斯拉一开始也遇到了很多技术方面的障碍，但他们没有放弃。根据后文“but they didnt give up”可知为一般过去时。故填came。48考查名词的数。句意：他们一个接一个地克服了困难，最终在2008年成功生产出了第一台跑车。difficulty为可数名词，根据后文one by one可知应用复数形式。故填difficulties。49考查介词。句意：2

59、010年对特斯拉来说无疑是至关重要的一年，公司在纳斯达克成功注册。结合句意表示“对来说”应用介词for。故填for。50考查时态语态。句意：如今，特斯拉电动汽车在世界各地都有销售。此处主语与谓语构成被动关系，结合上文today可知为一般现在时的被动语态，主语为Tesla electric cars，谓语用复数。故填are sold。51will replace52to charge53that/which54a55they56anxiety57caused58of59that60rapidly【分析】本文是说明文。介绍了电动汽车的新能源电池。51考查时态。句意：它们在未来代替汽油汽车。根据时间

60、状语in the future可知，用一般现在时，replace是谓语动词，故填will replace。52考查非谓语动词。句意：电动汽车中的一些电池充电可能需要12个小时。分析句子可知，charge是目的状语，用不定式形式，故填to charge。53考查定语从句。句意：然而，一家外国公司表示，它生产的锂离子电池可以在5分钟内完成充电。分析句子可知，空格处引导定语从句，修饰battery，从句中作主语，指物，用关系代词that或者which。故填that/which。54考查冠词。句意：这与加满一个油箱的汽油所需的时间相同。根据句意，此处泛指“一个油箱”，用不定冠词，故填a。55考查代词。

61、句意：新的锂离子电池由外国公司开发，而它们由一家中国公司生产。根据句意，空格处指代上文提到的“The new lithium-ion batteries”，是复数，且作主语，故填they。56考查名词。句意：电动汽车可以行驶地和汽油车一样快，但它们会给人们造成“距离焦虑”。分析句子可知，此处用名词作动词give的宾语，根据句意，用作不可数名词，故填anxiety。57考查非谓语动词。句意：这是由担心电池耗尽能源造成的压力。分析句子可知，cause作定语，修饰stress，二者之间是被动关系，故用过去分词，故填caused。58考查介词和固定短语。句意同上。run out “耗尽”，是固定短语，

62、接宾语，需加介词of。故填of。59考查宾语从句。句意：你要么担心你会被困在高速公路上，要么担心你需要在充电站坐两个小时。分析句子可知，or连接两个宾语从句，从句句意完整，成分齐全，用that引导从句，that无词义，不作成分，仅起引导作用，故填that。60考查副词。句意：他说，从汽油到电力的转变将会很快发生。修饰动词happen用副词作定语，故填rapidly。61practical62a63has occurred64to reduce65are designed66dramatically67efficiency68that69for70If【分析】这是一篇说明文，本文介绍了新能源电动

63、汽车的发展历史以及人们购买电动汽车的原因。61考查形容词。句意：第一批实用的电动汽车是在19世纪80年代生产的。空后的electric cars为名词词组，此处应该是形容词修饰名词。故填practical。62考查冠词。句意：自2008年以来，由于电池和能源管理的进步、对油价上涨的担忧以及减少温室气体排放的需要，电动汽车的生产出现了繁荣。boom意为繁荣、迅速发展，此处为可数名词，表示泛指。且boom以辅音音素开头，需用不定冠词a。故填a。63考查动词时态。句意：自2008年以来，由于电池和能源管理的进步、对油价上涨的担忧以及减少温室气体排放的需要，电动汽车的生产出现了繁荣。根据Since20

64、08，可知，该句时态为现在完成时。动词occur应该用现在完成时，主语为单数名词，助动词用has。故填has occurred。64考查非谓语动词。句意：自2008年以来，由于电池和能源管理的进步、对油价上涨的担忧以及减少温室气体排放的需要，电动汽车的生产出现了繁荣。need 后面需跟动词不定式，故填to reduce。65考查动词时态。句意：如今，电动汽车为普通老百姓设计，飞入寻常百姓家。根据Nowadays可知，此处使用一般现在时，主语electric cars与动词design为被动关系。主语为复数名词，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填are designed。66考查副词。句意：近年

65、来，电动汽车的速度能力显著提高，现在这些汽车的世界速度纪录超过每小时300英里。分析可知，空处修饰动词increase，应该用dramatic的副词形式来修饰动词，故填dramatically。67考查名词。句意：此外，能效的提高也让一些潜在买家开始考虑用新的、有吸引力的电动汽车取代汽油动力汽车。分析可知，advancements in_7_ 为该句的主语，且介词in后面一般跟名词或代词，故空处应该用名词形式。efficient的名词形式为efficiency，故填efficiency。68考查表语从句。句意：另一个吸引人的地方是，在很多地区，电动汽车都有资格进入拼车车道。分析可知，该句为表语

66、从句，空后的句子做Another attraction 的表语，that可引导表语从句，用来陈述事实。故填that。69考查介词。句意：另一个吸引人的地方是，在很多地区，电动汽车都可以使用拼车车道。be qualified for属于固定搭配。意为：有的资格。故填for。70考查条件状语从句。句意：如果你遭遇交通问题，那电动汽车也许是一个解决办法。分析可知，该句为条件状语从句。If可引导条件状语从句。故填If。71published72conclusion73and74easily75cheaper76to reduce / of reducing77which78an79said80with

67、 / to【分析】这是一篇说明文。电动汽车比汽油动力汽车更适合气候变化，但许多美国人仍然犹豫是否要购买它们。一个原因是: 较大的前期成本。【详解】1.考查非谓语动词。句意：周四发布的最新数据显示，尽管电动汽车的标价较高，但从长远来看，电动汽车实际上可能为驾驶者省钱。分析句子可知，1 (publish) Thursday为后置定语修饰句子主语new data，动词publish与句子主语为动宾关系，所以此处要用过去分词。故填published。2.考查名词。句意：为了得出这个结论，麻省理工学院的一个研究小组计算了市场上几乎所有新车型的二氧化碳排放量，包括购买价格、维护费用和燃料费用。根据设空前的

68、定冠词the，可知此处要用名词。短语reach the conclusion，意为“得出结论”，故填conclusion。3.考查连词。句意同上。both.and.，意为“两者都”，结合both the carbon dioxide emissions，可知空白处要用and。故填and。4.考查副词。句意：他们发现电动汽车比燃气汽车更环保。根据设空后形容词more climate friendly，可知此处要用副词来修饰形容词。故填easily。5.考查比较级。句意：一生中，它们通常也更便宜。根据上文的more climate friendly及下文的too，可知此处和上文的内容为并列关系，所

69、以也要用比较级。故填cheaper。6.考查固定搭配。句意：气候科学家说，汽车电气化是减少温室气体排放的最佳途径之一。短语way to do sth./way of doing sth.，意为“的方法”，结合设空前the bestways,故填to reduce/of reducing。7.考查定语从句。句意：在美国，交通部门是最大的排放源，大部分来自汽车和卡车。分析可知，most of7come from cars and trucks在句中为非限制性定语从句,先行词是“emissions”，此处指“多数的排放源”，结合most of可知，本句中使用了“介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句

70、，先行词指物，所以用关系代词which。故填which。8.考查冠词。句意：麻省理工学院能源研究副教授杰西卡 特兰西克领导了这项研究，他说，这些数据将“帮助人们了解这些前期成本是如何在汽车使用寿命中分摊的。”分析可知，杰西卡 特兰西克为第一次提到，表示泛指关系。associate的首个音素为元音音素，所以要用不定冠词an。故填an。9.考查时态。句意同上。分析可知，设空处在句中为谓语，根据前文中的led可知，此处要用一般过去时。故填said。10.考查介词。句意：对于电动汽车，随着时间的推移,相比汽油价格,较低的维护和充电成本往往可以抵消较高的前期价格。固定短语compare to/with，意为“与相比”，故填with / to。