专题05 8Bunit3.docx

1、专题05 8Bunit3&unit4-20222023学年初中英语下学期期中考试重难点归纳（牛津译林版）8BU3单元语法：【现在完成时和一般过去时的区别】现在完成时和一般过去时都表示一个在过去完成的动作，但现在完成时强调的是与现在的关系，如对现在产生的结果或者影响等，属于现在时范围，谈论的是现在的情况。而一般过去时只表示动作在过去某一时刻发生，不表示和现在的关系，现在情况可能已经发生改变。Who opened the door?(“谁开的门？“只强调过去开门这一动作，门现在可能已经关上)Who has opened the door?(谁把门开了？强调门现在依然开着)学习建议:1. 现在完成时

2、不能与明确的过去时间状语连用，如；three days ago, last year, yesterday, last Sunday, in 2008等。2. 现在完成时不与when引导的特殊疑问词连用，when后只用一般过去时表示已经发生的动作，但可以和wherewhy等疑问词连用。Where have you beenWhen did the train leave?He lived in YZ for eight years.(他现在已经不在扬州了)He has lived in YZ for eight years. (他现在还在扬州居住)8BU3知识梳理1、 look like 看起

3、来像（指长相，即可指人也可指物）Eg.The man looks like our English teacher.Eg.The strange thing looks like a plate.区分：What do/dose sb. look like? 问长相=How do/does sb. look? What be sb. like? 问品质 What do/does sb. like?问喜好 2、 chat(动词） with sb.和某人聊天 have a chat（名词） with sb. chat 现在分词：chatting 3、 send 发送 send sb. sth.=se

4、nd sth. to sb.把某物寄给/送给某人4、 receive 收到，接到 receive emails 接收邮件 区分：receive 与accept receive 客观(被动地)收到 accept 主观接受 eg. I received a bunch of flower, but i didnt accept it. 5、 what.for?.为何目的，为何理由？=Why?eg. What did you do that for?=Why did you do that?6. click 点击 click（及物动词）sth. =click(不及物动词) on sth. 点击7.

5、thousands of 数以千计的 hundred,thousand,million等表示确指时（前面有具体的数字），用单数；表泛指（前面没有数字）用复数，其后加of eg. three thousand hundreds of8. see sb. doing sth.看见某人正在做某事 eg. When i passed by the KFC, I saw many children eating hamburgers and chips in it.see sb. do sth.看见某人做了某事（强调动作发生的全过程）9. huge 形容词：巨大的 区分：huge,big 和 large

6、 huge强调体型而不是重量，big指具体事物，多指体积大，还可以表示“巨大的，伟大的，重要的”等意思，其反义词是little或small,large多指面积之大、人口之多，也可表示数量（the number）10. relax 放松，休息 形容词：relaxed 修饰人 relaxing 修饰物11. be famous for +表示人或物某方面的特点、特长的词 因.而出名 =be known for be famous as +职位/名称 作为.而出名 be famous to sb. 对于.很出名，被.所熟知eg. He is famous to the people all over

7、 the world.他被全世界的人所熟知.12. be filled with. 被.填满 = be full of eg. The basket is filled with apples.= The basket is full of apples. 篮子里装满了苹果。13.more than 不止.,超过. more than +数词 = over +数词 反义词：less than eg. More than one girl is there.不止一个女孩在那儿。14.take part in =join in +比赛/活动 join +党派/组织/sb./trip/walk jo

8、in sb. in doing sth.加入某人做某事的行15.主将从现If/as soon as/until/when引导条件状语从句，主句是一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表示将来。Eg.If you dont hurry up, youll miss the train.16.Australian adj.澳大利亚（人）的 名词：Australia 澳大利亚17.opposite 名词：对立的人（或物） 介词：在.的对面eg. Whats the opposite of white? The bank is opposite the bus stop.18.mind 介意 mind（+sb.

9、宾格/sb.s） doing sth.介意(某人)做某事 Do you mind doing sth.? 介意：Youd better not . 不介意：Not at all. /Of course not. /Certainly not.19.my pleasure 不客气，很乐意效劳，回答别人的道谢，=Youre welcome. 区别：with pleasure 很乐意效劳 ，回答别人的请求20.called 被称作/叫作 =named，在句中作后置定语修饰前面的名词Eg. I like the cat named / called Mimi.21. be made up of.由.组

10、成 Our class is made up of fifty students. 区别：be made of 由.制成（能看出原材料） be made from 由.制成（看不出原材料） be made in 某物是某地制造的 22.prepare for sth.为某事做准备，表示准备的目的 prepare to do sth.准备做某事 prepare sb. sth.为某人准备某物=prepare sth. for sb.8BU4单元语法：1.“特殊疑问词动词不定式”的用法归纳由两部分构成：疑问词和动词不定式（wh-+todo）。疑问词部分包括疑问代词who,whom, what,wh

11、ich和whose以及疑问副词when,where和how。“特殊疑问词动词不定式”考点归纳：1.动词后面要加不要加上介词？如：Ididntdecidewhatroomtolivein.我没有决定住什么样的房间。Idontknowwhattodo.我不知道做什么。注：这里不要it,因为do虽然需要宾语，但是前面已经有what了，what已经是do的宾语，it在这里多余Idonthowtodoit.我不知道怎么做这个事情。注：这里要it，因为do是及物动词后面需要宾语，而how是疑问副词，不是疑问代词，它在这里作状语，所以这里需要it。2.“特殊疑问词动词不定式”考点易错点疑问副词why后不直接

12、跟动词不定式。2.must和have to用法比较（1）must表示“必须”，否定式mustnt表示“不许可”，“不准”, “禁止”等。在回答带有must的问句时，否定式常用neednt或dont have to，表示“不必”，而不用mustnt。 （2）must表推测 一般只用于肯定句中，译成汉语“一定”，“必定”。当must表推测之意时，其否定形式常用can not而不用must not。（3）must表必然性（4） have to表示“必须”，“不得不”，must表示的是说话人的主观（5）have to 有更多的时态形式：现在时，过去时，将来时等，而must只有现在时形式。8BU4知识梳

13、理1. Have you decided what to do with these books, Hobo?霍波，你已经决定要怎样处理这些书了吗？【考点聚焦1】 what to do withhow to deal with sth. 搭配【例句】What are we going to do with the problem?我们将怎样处理这个问题呢？【例句】I have a huge pile of letters to deal with.我有一大堆信件要处理。【例句】I dont know what to do with my old bike. =I dont know how t

14、o deal with my old bike.我不知道如何处理我的旧自行车。【考点聚焦2】decide (to do) sth.意为“决定（去做）某事”。=make a decision to do 【例句】I decided to help him.我决定帮助他。He hasnt decided when to go.他还没有决定何时去。2.The story of the ugly man Quasimodo really touched me .【考点聚焦】touch sb. 感动某人 =move sb.【例句】His speech touched the audience to te

15、ars . 他的演讲使听众感动的落泪。【考点聚焦】touch n. 联系 keep in touch with sb. 与某人保持联系 3. After our ship crashed against the rocks, I swam as far as I could.在我们的轮船触礁之后，我尽可能地游。【考点聚焦】against用作介词，其具体意思如下：(1)相反；反对；违反；违背；逆。We all should fight against evil.我们都应该同邪恶做斗争。(2)撞击；撞着，碰着，顶着，触及，与相撞，同冲突。I pushed against the door and

16、the door opened at last.我用力推门，最后门开了。(3)逆行，逆方向，对着；跟反方向。Dont drive against the traffic.不要逆向行车。4. I woke up as the sun was rising我醒来了，这时太阳正在升起【辨析】rise和raise有何区别？这两个词都有“提高，上升，增加”的意思，但其用法不同。(1)raise是及物动词，发出此动作的通常是人，可用于被动语态，意为“举起；提高”，如抬头、举手（目、帽、石头、重物等）。(2) rise是不及物动词，不能用于被动语态，意为“上升，升起；起身，起立（主语是人）；上涨”以及“（日

17、、月星等）升起到地平线上”。Please raise your hand if you know the answer.如果你知道答案就请举手。（请举手，主语是你）The sun rises in the east.太阳从东方升起。（太阳升起，主语是太阳） 5. It moved up over my stomach and neck until it was standing near my face.它爬上我的肚子和脖子，直到（它）来到我的脸上。【考点聚焦】stomach意为“胃”，复数形式是stomachs。【考点聚焦】(1) until用于肯定句中，表示主句的动作一直持续到从句动作发生

18、或状态出现时为止。一般可译为“直到为止”。在这种用法中，主句的谓语动词必须是持续动词（非瞬间动词），如live，wait，last，love，like，stay，work，continue等。I will wait until you come back.我将一直等到你回来。(2) until用于否定句中，表示主句的动作在从句的动作发生之前尚未发生，或者说主句的动作在从句的动作发生之后才开始。一般可译为“直到才”。I didnt leave until the rain stopped.直到雨停了我才离开。(3) until后面的从句中不能用一般将来时，应该用一般现在时代替，即“主将从现”。H

19、e will stay here until his mother comes back.他将在这儿一直等到他母亲回来。6. He was the same size as my little finger! 他和我的小手指一样大！【考点聚焦】size意为“大小，尺寸”，与the sameas连用构成短语the same size as，意为“和一样大”。此结构属于“the same+ n.+ as”=“as+ adj. +as”【例句】His room is the same size as mine他的房间和我的一样大。7. However, they soon got up again

20、and continued moving across my body.然而，他们很快又站了起来，继续在我身上移动。【考点聚焦】continue后接动词作宾语时动词可用doing和to do的形式，但含义不同。continue doing指继续做刚刚做过的那件事；continue to do指继续做另一件事。试比较：喝过咖啡之后我继续做作业。After drinking a cup of coffee, I continued doing my homework.（喝咖啡之前我在做作业但没做完，喝完以后继续做）After drinking a cup of coffee, I continue

21、d to do my homework.（喝咖啡之前我是在做别的事而不是做作业）8. I tried to pull one hand free and finally managed to break the ropes. 我试图空出一只手，最后设法解开了绳子。【考点聚焦】manage to do sth.意为“设法做某事”，更倾向于做成某事，与succeed in doing sth.同义；而try to do sth.倾向于努力做某事，有没有成功不确定。9.Gulliver found himself unable to move.【考点聚焦】 find sb. /sth. + adj.

22、10. hand v. 交；递，给【考点聚焦】“hand in”表示“上交（作业），递交（文件）等”“hand in hand”，手拉手，手握着手11. renew vt. 续借；更新；重新开始review =go over 复习12. publishing house n. 出版社【考点聚焦】publishing 动名词形式做定语，类似的结构如：a swimming pool【链接】publish vt. 出版13. refuse vt. & vi. 拒绝，回绝【考点聚焦】refuse to do sth.Yesterday my car refused to start. 昨天我的车发动不

23、起来。14. The first Harry Potter book was a great success in the very beginning.在一开始，哈利波特第一本书获得了巨大的成功。【考点聚焦】(1)success /skses/ 作“成功的人或事”讲时为可数名词；作“成功”讲时为不可数名词。He is a great success as a writer作为作家来讲，他获得了巨大的成功。Failure is the mother of success.失败是成功之母。(2) succeed/sksid/ 为不及物动词succeed in doing sth.成功地做某事。H

24、e succeeded in swimming across the river他成功地游过了河。(3) successful形容词，意为“成功的”。He is a successful writer.他是一个成功的怍家。(4) successfully副词，意为“成功地”。He passed the exam successfully.他成功地通过了考试。15.translated into about 96 languages被翻译成大约96种语言【考点聚焦】translate vt. &vi.意为“翻译”。be translated into意为“被翻译成”【例句】The book wa

25、s translated into Russian.这本书被翻译成俄文。 16. hidden adj. 隐藏的【考点聚焦】hide vt. 躲藏；掩饰（hid; hidden）hidden adj.隐藏的 17. confidence n. 自信心【考点聚焦】confident adj. 自信的类似词性转换还有：different-difference；important-importancehave confidence in doing = be confident of doing 做某事有自信18. experience n. 经历；经验【考点聚焦】名词n.1.经验,体验UHavey

26、ouhadanyexperienceofteachingEnglish?你有过教英语的经验吗?2.经历,阅历CPleasetellusaboutyourexperiencesinAfrica.请跟我们谈谈你在非洲的经历。及物动词vt.经历;体验Thecityexperiencedover2,000suchincidentslastyear.去年这座城市发生过二千次以上这类事件。19. advice n. 建议，忠告，劝告【考点聚焦】advice是不可数名词表示“一条建议”用a piece of advice，“一些建议”用some advice20. We often meet togethe

27、r and discuss what to read我们经常聚在一起讨论读点什么。【考点聚焦】discuss意为“讨论”，其名词形式为discussion。【例句】Lets discuss what to do next咱们讨论一下下面干什么。We had a warm discussion about this matter.关于这件事我们进行了热烈的讨论。【综合练习】单项选择 ( )1. great fun it is to go hiking in this season!Yeah, you cannot imagine interesting it is if you dont exp

28、erience it for yourself. A. What a; how B. What; how C. How a; what D. How; what a( )2.We shouldnt trees any more. Instead, we should plant more trees. I cannot agree more. A. cut down B. cut up C. cut off D. cut out( )3.Mike, I havent seen your elder sister for a long time. She Hong Kong on busines

29、s for a few days. A. went to B. has gone to C. has been to D. has been in( )4.Look at the dark clouds. Im afraid it rain soon. I think so, and we stay at home now. A. must; must B. may; have to C. might; must D. could; have to( )5.I reading English every morning. Yes, now English is more and more im

30、portant. English the first language in England. A. am used to; is used by B. am used to; is used as C. used to; is used by D. used to; is used as( )6.Its easy to clean up all the trash if we all offer to help.Yes. A. Many hands make light work B. There is no smoke without fire C. Where there is a wi

31、ll，there is a way D. A friend in need is a friend indeed( )7 - Lets eat out this evening. - _ Have you got the first prize in the speech competition? A. Why not? B. Yes, Id love to. C. What for? D.Thank you very much.( )8. It is unhealthy _ us to eat too much sweet food and it is wrong _ us to buy s

32、weet food every day. A. of, of B. for, of C. of, for D. for, for( )9. -_ do you use your pocket money for? - The money _help poor people.A. Why; used to B. What ; is used to C. Why; is used for D. What; use to( )10. Everyone is here _ Tom and Lily. They _ Shanghai.A. except for; have been to B. besi

33、des; have gone toC. beside; have been to D. except; have gone to【答案】BADBB ACBBD翻译句子1.有时候，梦想中的生活似乎和我们的日常生活恰恰相反。Sometimes life in our dreams _.【答案】seems to be the opposite of our daily life2.自从实施改革开放政策以来，我的家乡发生了翻天覆地的变化。There _ it implemented the reform and opening-up policy.【答案】have been great changes

34、 in- since3.他的忠告帮助人们意识到问题并采取行动改善形势。His_.【答案】advice helped people realize the problems and take action to improve the situation4.今年他已经习惯于在寒冷的日子里去国外出差了吗？_ this year?【答案】Has he been used to going abroad on business on cold days5.去年去一个欧洲国家的旅行为我打开了一个全新的世界。Last years trip _ .【答案】to a European country open

35、ed up a whole new world to me6.虽然遇到了很多困难，但是他们最后还是设法把读书报告翻译成了法语。Though there were a lot of difficulties, they _ .【答案】finally managed to translate the book report into French词汇检测1. The husbands are looking for their (妻子)names on the list.2. What a (极好的)time we had when we watched a 4-D film like magic

36、!3. More and more people in the countryside have received free (医学的)treatment.4. What is the (正确的)way to greet people there? People usually shake hands when they meet for the first time.5.Mum, Ill ask some (客人)to come to my birthday party.OK. I will be ready for it.6. Remember not to cut in on other

37、s when they are talking. You should wait (礼貌地)，7.I cannot work out the problem. Would you mind giving me some ?Of course not.9. Do you like the Western food? No, I think Chinese food is more than that of Western countries.9.I think its your last to enter this company. Dont miss it.I will catch it.10. What can be done to do with his ? Not being able to see anything makes him feel bad. I think he needs an operation.【答案】1-5 wives fantastic medical proper guests 6-10 politely advice delicious chance blindness