专题12 完形填空之说明文体类- 十年（2013-2022）高考英语真题分项汇编（全国通用）.docx

1、十年（2013-2022）高考英语真题分项详解完形填空说明文体类2021-2022题组1（2022全国卷）Young children across the globe enjoy playing games of hide and seek. For them, theres something highly exciting about _1_ someone elses glance and making oneself unable to be seen. However, we all witness that preschool children are remarkably _2

2、_ at hiding. They often cover only their eyes with their hands, leaving the rest of their bodies _3_.For a long time, this ineffective hiding method was _4_ as evidence that children are hopelessly “egocentric” (自我中心的) creatures. But our _5_ research results in child developmental psychology _6_ tha

3、t idea. We brought young children aged 2-4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC. Each _7_ sat down with an adult who covered her own eyes or _8_. We then asked the child if she could _9_ or hear the adult. Surprisingly, children replied that they couldnt. The same _10_ happened when the adult co

4、vered her own mouth: _11_ children said that they couldnt _12_ to her. A number of _13_ ruled out that the children misunderstood what they were being asked. The results were clear: Our young subjects _14_ the questions and knew _15_ what was asked of them. Their _16_ to the questions reflected thei

5、r true _17_ that “I can see you only if you can see me, too.” They simply _18_ mutual (相互的) recognition and regard. Our _19_ suggest when a child “hides” by putting a blanket over her head, it is not a result of egocentrism. In fact, children consider this method _20_ when others use it.1. A. follow

6、ingB. takingC. escapingD. directing2. A. cleverB. badC. scaredD. quick3. A. exposedB. examinedC. untouchedD. imbalanced4. A. supportedB. guaranteedC. imaginedD. interpreted5. A. disappointingB. mixedC. surprisingD. desired6. A. explainedB. confirmedC. contradictedD. tested7. A. parentB. childC. rese

7、archerD. doctor8. A. feetB. noseC. handsD. ears9. A. seeB. helpC. reachD. fool10. A. eventB. thingC. actionD. accident11. A. YetB. NowC. SoonD. Once12. A. speakB. listenC. turnD. wave13. A. instructionsB. descriptionsC. experimentsD. assumptions14. A. comprehendedB. predictedC. exploredD. ignored15.

8、 A. partlyB. honestlyC. vaguelyD. exactly16. A. responsesB. approachesC. contributionD. sensitivity17. A. abilityB. beliefC. identityD. purpose18. A. hold backB. relate toC. insist onD. make up19. A. limitationsB. requirementsC. theoriesD. findings20. A. tentativeB. impressiveC. creativeD. effective

9、【答案与解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要通过实验证明孩子们捉迷藏时，只遮住自己的眼睛并不是自我中心主义的结果，而是孩子们坚持相互承认和尊重。1. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：对他们来说，避开别人的目光，让自己无法被别人看到，这是一件非常令人兴奋的事情。A. following跟随；B. taking取走；C. escaping避开；D. directing指导。根据上文“Young children across the globe enjoy playing games of hide and seek.”可知，儿童喜欢玩捉迷藏，避开别人的目光。故选C项。2. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，我们

10、都看到学龄前儿童非常不善于隐藏。A. clever聪明的；B. bad不擅长的；C. scared害怕的；D. quick快的。根据下文“They often cover only their eyes with their hands, leaving the rest of their bodies”可知，儿童不擅长隐藏，be bad at sth.表示“不擅长某事”。故选B项。3. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们通常只用手遮住眼睛，其余的身体暴露在外。A. exposed无遮蔽的；B. examined已检查过的；C. untouched未受影响的；D. imbalanced失衡的。根据

11、上文“They often cover only their eyes with their hands, leaving the rest of their bodies”可知，儿童只是用手遮住了眼睛，身体的其余部分无遮蔽，是暴露在外的。故选A项。4. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：长期以来，这种无效的隐藏方法被解释为儿童是无可救药的“自我中心”生物的证据。A. supported支持；B. guaranteed保证；C. imagined想象；D. interpreted解释。根据下文“as evidence that children are hopelessly “egocentric” c

12、reatures.”可知，此处表示这种无效的隐藏方法被解释为证据，证明儿童是以自我为中心的。故选D项。5. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但我们在儿童发展心理学方面令人惊讶的研究结果与这一观点相矛盾。A. disappointing令人失望的；B. mixed混合的；C. surprising令人惊讶的；D. desired渴望的。根据下文“research results in child developmental psychology _6_ that idea.”以及“Our 19 suggest when a child “hides” by putting a blanket over

13、 her head, it is not a result of egocentrism.”可知，研究结果与之前的观点相矛盾，所以研究结果是令人惊讶的。故选C项。6. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但我们在儿童发展心理学方面令人惊讶的研究结果与这一观点相矛盾。A. explained解释；B. confirmed证实；C. contradicted相矛盾；D. tested测试。根据下文“Our 19 suggest when a child “hides” by putting a blanket over her head, it is not a result of egocentrism.

14、In fact, children consider this method _ 20 _ when others use it.”可知，研究结果与之前的观点是相矛盾的。故选C项。7. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：每个儿童都和一个成年人坐在一起，成年人遮住自己的眼睛或耳朵。A. parent父母亲；B. child儿童；C. researcher研究员；D. doctor医生。根据上文“We brought young children aged 2-4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC.”可知，儿童参加实验，此处表示每个儿童和一个成年人坐在一起。故

15、选B项。8. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：每个儿童都和一个成年人坐在一起，成年人遮住自己的眼睛或耳朵。A. feet脚；B. nose鼻子；C. hands手；D. ears耳朵。根据下文“or hear the adult”可知，实验中，儿童被询问是否能听到成年人的声音，所以此处表示成年人遮住了自己的耳朵。故选D项。9. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后我们问儿童是否能看到或听到成年人的声音。A. see看见；B. help帮助；C. reach到达；D. fool欺骗。根据上文“an adult who covered her own eyes”可知，成年人遮住了自己的眼睛，所以此处儿童被询问是否

16、能看见成年人。故选A项。10. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当成年人捂住她自己的嘴时，同样的事情发生了：此刻孩子们说他们不能和她说话。A. event大事；B. thing事情；C. action行动；D. accident事故。根据下文“children said that they couldnt _12_ to her.”可知，此处表示同样的事情发生了，孩子们表示不能和捂住嘴的成年人说话了。故选B项。11. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：当成年人捂住她自己的嘴时，同样的事情发生了：此刻孩子们说他们不能和她说话。A. Yet然而；B. Now此刻；C. Soon很快；D. Once一次。根据语境，此

17、处表示当成年人捂住自己的嘴时，这时孩子们说不能和成年人说话了。故选B项。12. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当成年人捂住她自己的嘴时，同样的事情发生了：此刻孩子们说他们不能和她说话。A. speak说；B. listen听；C. turn转；D. wave挥手。根据上文“when the adult covered her own mouth”可知，此处孩子们表示他们不能和成年人说话了。故选A项。13. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：许多实验排除了孩子们误解了他们被问到的问题。A. instructions命令；B. descriptions说明；C. experiments实验；D. assumpti

18、ons假设。根据语境，此处表示上文中的许多实验排除了孩子们会误解问题这一情况。故选C项。14. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：结果很清楚：我们的年轻受试者理解了这些问题，并且确切地知道他们被问到了什么。A. comprehended理解；B. predicted预测；C. explored探索；D. ignored忽略。根据下文“the questions and knew _15_ what was asked of them”可知，儿童理解了问题，并能确切地知道自己被问了什么。故选A项。15. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：结果很清楚：我们的年轻受试者理解了这些问题，并且确切地知道他们被问到了什么。A

19、. partly部分地；B. honestly诚实地；C. vaguely含糊地；D. exactly确切地。根据下文“what was asked of them. Their 16 to the questions reflected their true _17_ ”可知，孩子们确切地知道自己被问了什么，他们的答案反映了他们真实的看法。故选D项。16. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们对这些问题的回答反映了他们真正的看法：“只有你也能看到我，我才能看到你。”A. responses回答；B. approaches方法；C. contribution贡献；D. sensitivity敏感性。根

20、据下文“to the questions”可知，此处表示孩子们对于问题的回答。故选A项。17. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们对这些问题的回答反映了他们真正的看法：“只有你也能看到我，我才能看到你。”A. ability能力；B. belief看法；C. identity身份；D. purpose目的。根据下文“I can see you only if you can see me, too.”可知，此处表示孩子们真正的看法。故选B项。18. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：他们只是坚持相互承认和尊重。A. hold back阻止；B. relate to有关联；C. insist on坚持；D. m

21、ake up弥补。根据上文“I can see you only if you can see me, too.”可知，孩子们的看法体现了他们坚持相互的承认和尊重。故选C项。19. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们的研究结果表明，当孩子在头上盖一条毯子“隐藏”时，这并不是自我中心主义的结果。A. limitations限制；B. requirements必要条件；C. theories理论；D. findings调查发现。根据上文“We brought young children aged 2-4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC.”可知，此处表示

22、实验的研究结果表明孩子的“隐藏”并不是自我中心主义的结果。故选D项。20. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：事实上，当其他人使用这种方法时，孩子们认为它是有效的。A. tentative实验性的；B. impressive令人印象深刻的；C. creative创造性的；D. effective有效的。根据上文“They simply 18 mutual recognition and regard.”可知，孩子们坚持相互承认和尊重，所以当其他人使用这种方法时，孩子会认为它是有效的。故选D项。2013-2020题组1.(2015年，重庆卷）Imagine the first days in a new

23、 time zone. Slow to respond to the 1 , your body clock is confused. Youre sleepy all day, but when its time for bed, you can hardly fall asleep. Obviously you are 2 jet lag（时差反应）.Travelers have traditionally fought this 3 with sleeping pills or alcohol. There are actually healthier ways that can wor

24、k just as 4 .For example, the moment you get on the airplane, start 5 your biological block to the destinations time. If its daytime in your destination, try to stay 6 . Walking around the cabin（客舱） can be of help. When its nighttime, try to sleep. In that case, eat before the flight, 7 an empty sto

25、mach will prevent you from sleeping. These tips will help you start a new 8 of sleep and wakefulness.1.A.flightB.changeC.demandD.climate2.A.suffering fromB.working onC.looking intoD.leading to3.A.dangerB.problemC.wasteD.fear4.A.brieflyB.slowlyC.suddenlyD.effectively5.A.checkingB.sendingC.adjustingD.

26、stopping6.A.awakeB.aloneC.hungryD.calm7.A.thoughB.soC.wholeD.or8.A.understandingB.cycleC.researchD.trend【答案】BABDC ADB【解析】本文讲述在旅行中如何调整你的生物钟。1.B 考查名词辨析。A flight航班； B change变化； C demand要求； D climate气候；句意：慢慢地对于变化做出反应，你的生物钟就要混淆。根据语境可知本文是关于对于时差的反应，故选B项。2.A 考查动词短语辨析 suffer from 遭受战争破坏的 work on 从事于；look int

27、o调查；lead to 导致；根据时区的变化可知很明显会导致时间反应，故选A项。3.B 考查名词辨析。Adange 危险性 B problem 问题在于 C waste浪费者 D fear恐惧；句意：游客会用药片和酒精来处理这个问题。根据语境可知对待时差的问题，故选B项。4.D 考查副词辨析。A briefly 简洁地址 B slowly慢慢地址 C suddenly 突然地址 D effectively有效地；句意：这有几种健康的方法，并且很有效。根据语境可知选D项。5.C 考查动词辨析。A checking 检查员 B sending送到 C adjusting 调整结构 D stoppi

28、ng停止播送句意：比如，在上飞机前，开始调整你的生物钟到你的目的的的时间。Adjust to 把。调整到，故选C项。6.A 考查形容词辨析。A awake B alone C hungry D calm句意：如果是白天到目的地，试着保持清醒。Stay awake保持清醒，故选A项。7.D 考查连词辨析。A Though 虽然如此 B so 因此次 C while虽然如此 D or 否则；句意：在这种情况下，提前吃饭，否则，空腹会让阻止你睡。Or表示转折，故选D项。8.B 考查名词辨析。A Understanding 明白的 B cycle圈； C research 研究；D trend趋势；句

29、意：这些建议能帮你开始新生物钟。根据语境可知选B项。2.(2015年，安徽卷） In our modern world, when something wears out, we throw it away and buy a new one. The 1 is that countries around the world have growing mountains of 2 because people are throwing out more rubbish than ever before.How did we 3 a throwaway society? First of all

30、, it is now easier to 4 an object than to spend time and money to repair it. 5 modern manufacturing (制造业)and technology, companies are able to produce products quickly and inexpensively. Products are plentiful and 6 .Another cause is our 7 of disposable (一次性的) products. As 8 people, we are always lo

31、oking for 9 to save time and make our lives easier. Companies 10 thousands of different kinds of disposable products: paper plates, plastic cups, and cameras, to name a few.Our appetite for new products also 11 to the problem. We are 12 buying new things. Advertisements persuade us that 13 is better

32、 and that we will be happier with the latest products. The result is that we 14 useful possessions to make room for new ones.All around the world, we can see the 15 of this throwaway lifestyle. Mountains of rubbish just keep getting bigger. To 16 the amount of rubbish and to protect the 17 , more go

33、vernments are requiring people to recycle materials. 18 , this is not enough to solve (解决) our problem.Maybe there is another way out. We need to repair our possessions 19 throwing them away. We also need to rethink our attitudes about 20 . Repairing our possessions and changing our spending habits

34、may be the best way to reduce the amount of rubbish and take care of our environment.1.A.keyB.reasonC.projectD.problem2.A.giftsB.rubbishC.debtD.products3.A.faceB.becomeC.observeD.change4.A.hideB.controlC.replaceD.withdraw5.A.Thanks toB.As toC.Except forD.Regardless of6.A.safeB.funnyC.cheapD.powerful

35、7.A.loveB.lackC.preventionD.division8.A.sensitiveB.kindC.braveD.busy9.A.waysB.placesC.jobsD.friends10.A.donateB.receiveC.produceD.preserve11.A.adaptsB.returnsC.respondsD.contributes12.A.tired ofB.addicted toC.worried aboutD.ashamed for13.A.newerB.strongerC.higherD.larger14.A.pick upB.pay forC.hold o

36、ntoD.throw away15.A.advantagesB.purposesC.functionsD.consequences16.A.showB.recordC.decreaseD.measure17.A.technologyB.environmentC.consumersD.brands18.A.HoweverB.OtherwiseC.ThereforeD.Meanwhile19.A.byB.in favour ofC.afterD.instead of20.A.spendingB.collectingC.repairingD.advertising【答案】DBBCA CADAC DB

37、ADD CBADA【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是堆积如山的垃圾给环境带来的影响。随着社会的发展，人们倾向于扔掉用旧了的东西，以新物品取而代之。而且，包装盒等一次性产品给人们带来方便的同时，也给环境带来很大的压力。1.考查名词词义辨析。句意：问题是，世界各国的垃圾堆积如山，因为人们扔出的垃圾比以往任何时候都多。A. key答案；B. reason原因；C. project项目；D. problem问题。根据上文In our modern world, when something wears out, we throw it away and buy a new one.可知，此处指带

38、来的问题。故选D。2.考查名词词义辨析。句意：问题是，世界各国的垃圾堆积如山，因为人们扔出的垃圾比以往任何时候都多。A. gifts礼物；B. rubbish垃圾；C. debt债务；D. products产品。根据下文中的throwing out more rubbish可知，此处指如山的垃圾。故选B。3.考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们如何成为一个一次性的社会的？A. face面对；B. become成为；C. observe观察；D. change改变。根据语境可知，此处在问我们如何成为了一个一次性的社会。故选B。4.考查动词词义辨析。句意：首先，现在替换一个物体要比花时间和金钱来修复它更容

39、易。A. hide隐藏；B. control控制；C. replace代替；D. withdraw撤退。根据下文than to spend time and money to repair it.可知，我们可以更容易地替换一个物体。故选C。5.考查介词短语辨析。句意：由于现代制造业和技术，公司能够迅速而廉价地制造产品。A. Thanks to幸亏，由于； B. As to至于，关于；C. Except for除之外；D. Regardless of不管，不顾。根据句意可知，此处表示原因。故选A。6.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：产品丰富多样并且廉价。A. safe安全的；B. funny滑稽可笑的

40、；C. cheap便宜的；D. powerful强大的，强有力的。根据上文_5_ modern manufacturing (制造业)and technology, companies are able to produce products quickly and inexpensively.可知，产品丰富多样并且廉价。故选C。7.考查名词词义辨析。句意：另一个原因是我们对一次性产品的喜爱。A. love爱；B. lack缺乏；C. prevention预防，阻止；D. division部门，分割。根据下文As _8_ people, we are always looking for _9

41、_ to save time and make our lives easier.可知，我们喜爱一次性产品。故选A。8.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：作为忙碌的人，我们总是在寻找节省时间和使我们的生活更容易的方法。A. sensitive敏感的；B. kind和蔼的；C. brave勇敢的；D. busy忙碌的。根据下文to save time and make our lives easier可知，忙碌的人总是在寻找节省时间和使我们的生活更容易的方法。故选D。9.考查名词词义辨析。句意：作为忙碌的人，我们总是在寻找节省时间和使我们的生活更容易的方法。A. ways方法；B. places地方；C

42、. jobs工作；D. friends朋友。根据语境可知，此处指我们总是在寻找节省时间和使我们的生活更容易的方法。故选A。10.考查动词词义辨析。句意：公司生产成千上万的不同种类的一次性产品：纸盘子、塑料杯、照相机等等。A. donate捐赠；B. receive收到；C. produce生产；D. preserve保护，维持。根据语境可知，此处指公司生产成千上万的不同种类的一次性产品。故选C。11.考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们对新产品的需求也导致了这个问题。A. adapts to适应；改编；B. returns to返回；回复；C. responds to对做出反应；D. contribu

43、tes to有助于，导致。根据语境可知，此处指导致了这个问题。故选D。12考查形容词短语辨析。句意：我们热衷于购买新东西。A. tired of对厌倦；B. addicted to对上瘾，迷恋于；C. worried about担心；D. ashamed for为感到惭愧。根据上文Our appetite for new products also _11_ to the problem.可知，我们热衷于购买新东西。故选B。13.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：广告说服我们，越新越好，我们会更乐于使用最新产品。A. newer更新的；B. stronger更强的；C. higher更高的；D. la

44、rger更大的。根据下文that we will be happier with the latest products.可知，广告说服我们，产品越新越好。故选A。14.考查动词短语辨析。句意：结果是，我们扔掉有用的东西，为新的物品腾出空间。A. pick up捡起，学会；B. pay for付款；赔偿；C. hold onto紧紧抓住，抓住不放，保持住；D. throw away扔掉，丢弃。根据下文to make room for new ones.可知，此处指扔掉有用的东西，为新的物品腾出空间。故选D。15.考查名词词义辨析。句意：在世界各地，我们可以看到这种一次性生活方式的后果。A. a

45、dvantages优势，优点；B. purposes目的；C. functions功能；D. consequences后果，结果。根据下文Mountains of rubbish just keep getting bigger.可知，此处指一次性生活方式的后果。故选D。16.考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了减少垃圾的数量和保护环境，越来越多的政府要求人们回收材料。A. show显示，表明；B. record记录，记载；C. decrease减少；D. measure测量，权衡。根据下文more governments are requiring people to recycle materia

46、ls.可知，此处指为了减少垃圾的数量。故选C。17.考查名词词义辨析。句意：A. technology技术；B. environment环境；C. consumers消费者；D. brands品牌。根据下文more governments are requiring people to recycle materials.可知，此处指保护环境。故选B。18.考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，这并不足以解决我们的问题。A. However可是，然而；B. Otherwise否则；C.Therefore所以；D. Meanwhile与此同时。根据语境可知，前后是转折关系。故选A。19.考查介词（短语）

47、辨析。句意：我们需要修复我们的财产而不是丢弃。A. by通过；B. in favour of支持，赞成；C. after在之后；D. instead of而不是。根据语境可知，前后是对比关系。故选D。20.考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们还需要重新思考我们对消费的态度。A. spending消费；B. collecting收集；C. repairing修复；D. advertising作广告。根据语境可知，此处指重新思考我们对消费的态度。故选A。3.(2012年，上海卷）People on a college campus were more likely to give money to the

48、 March of Dimes if they were asked for a donation by a disabled woman in a wheelchair than if asked by a nondisabled woman. In another 29 , subway riders in New York saw a man carrying a stick stumble（绊脚） and fall to the floor. Sometimes the victim had a large red birthmark on his 30 ; sometimes he

49、did not. In this situation, the victim was more likely to 31 aid if his face was spotless than if he had an unattractive birthmark. In 32 these and other research findings, two themes are 33 : we are more willing to help people we like for some reason and people we think 34 assistance.In some situat

50、ions, those who are physically attractive are more likely to receive aid. 35 , in a field study researchers placed a completed application to graduate school in a telephone box at the airport. The application was ready to be 36 , but had apparently been lost. The photo attached to the application wa

51、s sometimes that of a very 37 person and sometimes that of a less attractive person. The measure of helping was whether the individual who found the envelope actually mailed it or not. Results showed that people were more likely to 38 the application if the person in the photo was physically attract

52、ive.The degree of 39 between the potential helper and the person in need is also important. For example, people are more likely to help a stranger who is from the same country rather than a foreigner. In one study, shoppers on a busy street in Scotland were more likely to help a person wearing a(n)

53、40 T-shirt than a person wearing a T-shirt printed with offensive words.Whether a person receives help depends in part on the worth of the case. For example, shoppers in a supermarket were more likely to give someone. 41 to buy milk rather than to buy cookies, probably because milk is thought more e

54、ssential for 42 than cookies. Passengers on a New York subway were more likely to help a man who fell to the ground if he appeared to be 43 rather than drunk.29.A.studyB.wayC.wordD.college30.A.handB.armC.faceD.back31.A.refuseB.begC.loseD.receive32.A.challengingB.recordingC.understandingD.publishing3

55、3.A.importantB.possibleC.amusingD.missing34.A.seekB.deserveC.obtainD.accept35.A.At firstB.Above allC.In additionD.For example36.A.printedB.mailedC.rewrittenD.signed37.A.talentedB.good-lookingC.helpfulD.hard-working38.A.send inB.throw awayC.fill outD.turn down39.A.similarityB.friendshipC.cooperationD

56、.contact40.A.expensiveB.plainC.cheapD.strange41.A.timeB.instructionsC.moneyD.chances42.A.shoppersB.researchC.childrenD.health43.A.talkativeB.handsomeC.calmD.sick【答案】ACDCA BDBBA ABCDD【解析】研究表明，出于某种原因，我们更愿意帮助我们喜欢的人和我们认为值得帮助的人。29.根据下文these and other research findings和in a field study提示，在另一份研究中，所以选A。【考点定

57、位】考查名词词义及语境理解。30.根据下文if his face was spotless提示。受害者脸上有一个巨大的红色胎记。【考点定位】考查名词词义及语境理解。31.根据下文are more likely to receive aid提示选receive。如果受害者的脸无污点的比有不引人注意的胎记更有可能获得援助。【考点定位】考查动词词义及语境理解。32.此处challenge挑战； record记录；understand理解，了解；publish出版。在了解这些和其他研究结果过程中， 发现两个重要的主题。【考点定位】考查动词词义及语境理解。33.此处important重要的； possi

58、ble可能的； amusing 娱乐的； missing失去的。在了解这些和其他研究结果过程中， 发现两个重要的主题。【考点定位】考查形容词词义及语境理解。34.deserve意为“值得”。因为某种原因我们更愿意帮助我们喜欢的人和我们认为值得帮助的人。【考点定位】考查动词词义及语境理解。35.下文举列说明观点：In some situations, those who are physically attractive are more likely to receive aid，所以选D。【考点定位】考查介词短语词义及语境理解。36.根据下文actually mailed it or not

59、提示选mailed。意思是申请被邮寄。【考点定位】考查动词词义及语境理解。37.此处talented有才能的； good-looking好看的；helpful 有帮助的；hard-working勤奋的。附在申请上的照片一张是相貌好看的、一张不太有吸引力的人。【考点定位】考查形容词词义及语境理解。38.结果表明，如果照片上人外表上有吸引力，人们更可能递送这个申请。send in意为“递送”。【考点定位】考查动词短语含义及语境理解。39.在潜在的助手和有需要的人之间的相似程度也很重要。【考点定位】考查名词词义及语境理解。40.此处expensive昂贵的； plain 普通的； cheap便宜的；

60、 strange奇怪的。穿着T恤上印上挑衅的话和穿着朴素的T恤的人相对比，人们更愿意帮助穿着朴素T恤的人。plain意为“简朴的;朴素的”。【考点定位】考查形容词词义及语境理解。41.此处time 时间； instructions 说明；money 钱； chances机会。根据常识应该给钱买牛奶。【考点定位】考查名词词义及语境理解。42.对健康来说，牛奶被认为比饼干更不可缺少。【考点定位】考查名词词义及语境理解。43.此处talkative 健谈的；handsome英俊的； calm平静的； sick有病的。生病的似乎比喝醉的更容易得到到帮助。【考点定位】考查形容词词义及语境理解。4.(20

61、11年，上海卷） Everyone in business has been told that success is all about attracting and retaining (留住) customers. It sounds simple and achievable. But, 44 , words of wisdom are soon forgotten. Once companies have attracted customers they often 45 the second half of the story. In the excitement of beati

62、ng off the competition, negotiating prices, securing orders, and delivering the product, managers tend to become carried away. They forget what they regard as the boring side of business 46 that the customer remains a customer. 47 to concentrate on retaining as well as attracting customers costs bus

63、iness huge amounts of money annually. It has been estimated that the average company loses between 10 and 30 per cent of its customers every years. In constantly changing 48 , this is not surprising. What is surprising is the fact that few companies have any idea how many customers they have lost.On

64、ly now are organizations beginning to wake up to those lost opportunities and calculate the 49 implications. Cutting down the number of customers a company loses can make a big 50 in its performance. Research in the US found that a five per cent decrease in the number of defecting (流失的) customers le

65、d to 51 increases of between 25 and 85 per cent.In the US, Dominos Pizza estimates that a regular customer is worth more than $5,000 over ten years. A customer who receives a poor quality product or service on their first visit and 52 never returns, is losing the company thousands of dollars in 53 p

66、rofits (more if you consider how many people they are likely to tell about their bad experience).The logic behind cultivating customer 54 is impossible to deny. “In practice most companies marketing effort is focused on getting customers, with little attention paid to 55 them”, says Adrian Payne of

67、Cornfield University School of Management. “Research suggests that there is a close relationship between retaining customers and making profits. 56 customers tend to buy more, are predictable and usually cost less to service than new customers. Furthermore, they tend to be less price 57 , and may pr

68、ovide free word-of-mouth advertising. Retaining customers also makes it 58 for competitors to enter a market or increase their share of a market.44.A.in particularB.in realityC.at leastD.first of all45.A.emphasizeB.doubtC.overlookD.believe46.A.denyingB.ensuringC.arguingD.proving47.A.MovingB.HopingC.

69、StartingD.Failing48.A.marketsB.tastesC.pricesD.expenses49.A.cultureB.socialC.financialD.economical50.A.promiseB.planC.mistakeD.difference51.A.costB.opportunityC.profitD.budget52.A.as a resultB.on the wholeC.in conclusionD.on the contrary53.A.hugeB.potentialC.extraD.reasonable54.A.beliefsB.loyaltyC.h

70、abitsD.interest55.A.alteringB.understandingC.keepingD.attracting56.A.AssumedB.RespectedC.EstablishedD.Unexpected57.A.agreeableB.flexibleC.friendlyD.sensitive58.A.unfairB.difficultC.essentialD.convenient【答案】BCBDA CDCAB BCCDB【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了很多公司把很多精力放在了吸引顾客的方面，而很少去关注如何留住老客户，并说明留住老客户的重要性。44.考查介词短语辨析。

71、句意：但在现实中，智慧的话语很快就会被遗忘。A. in particular特殊地，特别地；B. in reality事实上；C. at least至少；D. first of all首先。根据空前的but判断应事实并不那么简单。选B。45.考查动词辨析。句意：公司一旦吸引了顾客，他们常常忽略故事的另一部分。A. emphasize强调；B. doubt怀疑；C. overlook俯瞰，眺望，忽略；D. believe相信。成功吸引顾客之后，常常会忽略故事的另一部分。故选C。46.考查动词辨析。句意：他们忘记了他们把什么作为生意让人厌烦的那一方面，确保让顾客成为顾客。A. denying拒绝；

72、B. ensuring确信，确保；C. arguing争吵；D. proving 证明。这里指确保顾客仍然是顾客，而不是流失。故选B。47.考查动词辨析。句意：未能像吸引顾客那样保持顾客真地让公司损失大量资金。A. Moving移动；B. Hoping希望；C. Starting开始；D. Failing未能。fail to do sth未能做某事。如果不能集中精力留住和吸引客户，每年都会给企业带来巨额损失。故选D。48.考查名词辨析、句意：在持续变化的市场上，这是不令人吃惊的。A. markets市场；B. tastes味道；C. prices价格；D. expenses花费。此文讲的是公司

73、做生意，故应是市场。选A。49.考查形容词辨析。句意：直到现在，组织才开始意识到那些失去的机会，并计算其对财务的影响。A. culture文化的；B. social社交的，社会的；C. financial金融的；D. economical经济的。financial implication财务影响。故选C。50.考查名词辨析。句意：减少一个公司失去的客户数量会对它的业绩产生很大的影响。A. promise承诺；B. plan计划；C. mistake错误；D. difference区别，意义。make a difference有影响，有关系。这里指对业绩有很大的影响。故选D。51.考查名词辨析。

74、句意：百分之十五的流失的客户导致预算增长在25 - 85%之间。A. cost 费用；B. opportunity机会；C. profit利润；D. budget预算。顾客的流失带来公司预算的增加，故选C。52.考查介词短语辨析。句意：如果一个顾客第一次拜访就得到了质量差的产品或服务，结果却再也没有回来。A. as a result结果；B. on the whole总体来讲；C. in conclusion总之；D. on the contrary相反。空后是前文的结果，故应选A。53.考查形容词辨析。句意：那么他就会让公司损失数千美元的潜在利润。A. huge巨大的；B. potentia

75、l潜在的；C. extra额外的；D. reasonable 合情合理的。没有回头客，损失的潜在的利润。故选B。54.考查名词辨析。句意：培养客户忠诚度背后的逻辑是不可否认的。A. beliefs相信；B. loyalty忠诚；C. habits习惯；D. interest兴趣。故选B。55.考查动词辨析。句意：实际上，大多数公司的营销努力都集中在争取客户上，而很少注意到如何留住客户。A. altering改变；B. understanding理解；C. keeping保持；D. attracting吸引。此处应是保持顾客、留住顾客。故选C。56.考查形容词辨析。句意：与新客户相比，老客户倾向

76、于购买更多、可预测且通常服务成本更低。A. Assumed假定的，假想的；B. Respected受尊重的；C. Established已建立的；D. Unexpected意想不到的。这里指已建立的顾客。故选C。57.考查形容词辨析。句意：此外，他们往往对价格不太敏感，可能会提供免费的口碑广告。A. agreeable一致的；B. flexible灵活的；C. friendly友好的；D. sensitive敏感的。price sensitive价格敏感性。故选D。58.考查形容词辨析。句意：留住客户也使得竞争对手很难进入一个市场或增加他们的市场份额。A. unfair不公平的；B. diff

77、icult困难的；C. essential重要的；D. convenient方便的。make it difficult for sb to do sth使某人做某事方便。 根据题意选B。5.A detailed study of biological diversity（多样性）in town and city gardens has found that they offer a vital refuge for animals and plants. It has also found that many of the ideas about wildlife gardening are

78、not 59 .In fact, small gardens are just as good as big gardens at 60 wildlife, suburban gardens are not always better than city gardens and non-native plants are not always harmful to native insects and birds. Britains 16,000,000 gardens are a refuge for hundreds of species of animals and plants tha

79、t would find it 61 to survive on intensively （精细地）farmed land. According to the study, gardens are amazingly varied even compared to 62 environments that are good for wildlife. Small gardens are more interesting 63 they vary a great deal in botanical environment, All the wildlife responds to the var

80、iation.Ken Thompson of Sheffield University was involved n the first detailed study of the 64 living in British gardens when he and his colleagues surveyed 61 gardens in Sheffield. They really found a（n） 65 diversity of plants and animals. They also identified a range of simple 66 that improved a ga

81、rdens environment for wildlife. The top thing is to grow more big trees as these greatly 67 the volume of vegetation in the garden and a lot of 68 means a lot of places to live and a lot of things to eat. 69 , create a pond for insects and frogs. Think before stocking it with fish which will eat ins

82、ect eggs. Also, it is not wise to light up the garden at night with bright lawn lamps, which will 70 many night creatures, Finally, dont be too tidy: dont be 71 to clear up everything when the garden stops flowering. Just 72 a bit of things lying around.To sum up, people who want to turn their garde

83、ns into wildlife refuges should 73 and let the grass grow tall, the flowers turn to seed and trees expand skyward.59.A.trueB.basicC.vividD.simple60.A.selectingB.importingC.offeringD.attracting61.A.impossibleB.illegalC.luckyD.convenient62.A.peacefulB.warmC.naturalD.clean63.A.beforeB.unlessC.butD.beca

84、use64.A.wildlifeB.menC.germD.pet65.A.confusingB.completeC.surprisingD.orderly66.A.measuresB.standardsC.servicesD.functions67.A.occupyB.increaseC.limitD.reduce68.A.vegetationB.reservationC.preparationD.decoration69.A.By contrastB.As a resultC.In other wordsD.In addition70.A.blockB.disturbC.benefitD.p

85、rotect71.A.in a messB.in a wayC.in a hurryD.in a while72.A.forgetB.removeC.avoidD.leave73.A.escapeB.relaxC.striveD.retire【答案】ADACD ACABA DBCDB【解析】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了城镇和城市花园对生物多样性的重要性以及改善野生生物的花园环境的措施。59.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它还发现许多关于野生生物花园的想法并不是正确的。A. true真的；B. basic基本的；C. vivid形象的；D. simple简单的。由“In fact, small gar

86、dens are just as good as big gardens at 2 wildlife ”可知，研究发现许多关于野生生物的花园环境的想法并不是正确的。故选A项。60.考查动词词义辨析。句意：事实上，小花园在吸引野生生物方面和大花园一样好，郊区花园并不总是比城市花园好，非本地植物也不总是对本地昆虫和鸟类有害。 A. selecting选择；B. importing出口；C. offering提供；D. attracting吸引。由“they offer a vital refuge for animals and plants ”可知，小花园在吸引野生生物方面和大花园一样好。故选D

87、项。61.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：英国的16，000，000个花园是数百种动物和植物的避难所，这些动物和植物发现不可能在集约耕种的土地上生存。A. impossible不可能的；B. illegal非法的；C. lucky幸运的；D. convenient方便的。由“survive on intensively （精细地）farmed land ”可知，这些动物和植物发现不可能在集约耕种的土地上生存。故选A项。62.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：根据这项研究，即使与对野生生物有益的自然环境相比，花园也在不断变化。A. peaceful和平的；B. warm温暖的；C. natural自然的；D.

88、 clean干净的。由“environments that are good for wildlife”可知，自然环境有益于野生生物。故选C项。63.考查连词词义辨析。句意：小花园更有趣，因为它们在植物环境中不断变化。A. before在之前；B. unless除非；C. but但是；D. because因为。分析句意可知，前后句子为因果关系，所以本句为because引导的原因状语从句。故选D项。64.考查名词词义辨析。句意：谢菲尔德大学的肯汤普森和他的同事调查了谢菲尔德的61个花园，他参与了对生活在英国花园中的野生动物的第一次详细研究。A. wildlife野生动物；B. men男人；C.

89、germ细菌；D. pet宠物。由多次提到的“wildlife ”可知，研究的是野生生物。故选A项。65.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们确实发现了动植物多样性，这令人惊讶。 A. confusing令人困惑的；B. complete完全的；C. surprising令人惊讶的； D. orderly有序的。研究者发现了动植物的多样性，这令人惊讶。故选C项。66.考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们还确定了一系列简单的措施来改善野生生物的花园环境。A. measures措施；B. standards标准；C. services服务；D. functions功能。由“improved a gardens

90、environment for wildlife ”可知，一系列简单的措施来改善野生生物的花园环境。故选A项。67.考查动词词义辨析。句意：最重要的是种植更多的大树，因为这些大树大大增加了花园里的植被数量，大量的植被意味着有许多栖息的地方和许多吃的东西。 A. occupy复制；B. increase增加；C. limit限制；D. reduce减少。由“The top thing is to grow more big trees”可知，种植更多的大树，增加了花园里的植被数量。故选B项。68.考查名词词义辨析。句意：最重要的是种植更多的大树，因为这些大树大大增加了花园里的植被数量，大量的植被

91、意味着有许多栖息的地方和许多吃的东西。A. vegetation植被；B. reservation预定；C. preparation准备；D. decoration装饰。由“a lot of places to live and a lot of things to eat ”可知，大量的植被意味着有许多居住的地方和许多吃的东西。故选A项。69.考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：此外，为昆虫和青蛙创建一个池塘。A. By contrast对比；B. As a result 因此；C. In other words换句话说；D. In addition此外。本句表示对前一句话的进一步说明，所以In a

92、ddition“此外”符合句意。故选D项。70.考查动词词义辨析。句意：此外，在晚上用明亮的草坪灯点亮花园也是不明智的，这会打扰许多夜间生物的生活。 A. block阻止；B. disturb打扰；C. benefit使受益；D. protect保护。根据常识可以判断出，明亮的草坪灯会打扰许多夜间生物的生活。故选B项。71.考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：最后，不要太整洁:当花园停止开花时，不要急着清理一切。A. in a mess一片混乱；B. in a way以某种方式；C. in a hurry匆忙地；D. in a while一会儿。由“Finally, dont be too tidy”

93、可知，不要急着清理一切。故选C项。72.考查动词词义辨析。句意：只留下一些东西。A. forget忘记；B. remove移除；C. avoid 避免；D. leave离开。不要太整洁:当花园停止开花时，不要急着清理一切，所以要留下一些东西。故选D项。73.考查动词词义辨析。句意：总之，想把花园变成野生动物庇护所的人应该对植物宽松一些，让草长得高，让花变成种子，让树向天空伸展。 A. escape逃脱； B. relax放宽；C. strive奋斗；D. retire退休。由“let the grass grow tall, the flowers turn to seed and trees

94、 expand skyward. ”可知，想把花园变成野生生物庇护所的人应该对植物宽松一些。故选B项。6.(2007年，广东卷）Wouldnt it be great if we didnt have to remember passwords (密码) ever again？If we could just sit in front of our computers and be 74 logged in (登录? Crave mentions how NECSoft BiodeLogon system uses face recognition technology to log you

95、on to Windows, rather than using a 75 All you need is a webcam and your pretty face to 76 your PC.No more 77 , confusing passwords to remember or change every few months.After doing a little research, I found this type of 78 already available to consumers via a relatively 79 application called FaceC

96、ode. The 80 requires the use of a webcam to recog- nize and log PC users into their systems. You can add as many 81 as you want, provided they each have a Windows account. If the system 82 to recognize your 83 , you can recall the Windows user name and password by using a hot-key combination.74.A.au

97、tomaticallyB.personallyC.correctlyD.occasionally75.A.faceB.passwordC.softwareD.system76.A.accessB.connectC.recognizeD.remember77.A.simpleB.complicatedC.specialD.useful78.A.computerB.technologyC.passwordD.application79.A.independentB.infrequentC.inexpensiveD.instant80.A.accountB.consumerC.designerD.s

98、oftware81.A.usersB.passwordsC.systemsD.computers82.A.beginsB.triesC.failsD.stops83.A.accountB.nameC.passwordD.face【答案】ABABB CDACD【解析】74.automatically意为“自动地,机械地”。根据上文中的“Wouldnt it be great if we didnt have to remember passwords ever again?”下文中的“Crave mentions how NECSoft BiodeLogon system uses face r

99、ecognition technology to log you on to Windows”可判断出不用密码而是通过面部识别技术就可以自动地登录Windows。personally意为“亲自地，作为个人”。correctly意为“恰当地,正确地”。75.password意为“密码,口令”。根据上文中的“Crave mentions how NECSoft BiodeLogon system uses face recognition technology to log you on to Windows”可判断出登录Windows是通过面部识别技术而不是通过密码。system意为“系统”。7

100、6.access意为“存取”。根据上文中的“Crave mentions how NECSoft BiodeLogon system uses face recognition technology to log you on to Windows”可判断出只要有一个摄像头，一张漂亮的脸蛋，就可以“访问”你的个人电脑了。connect意为“连接,联合,关连”；recognize意为“认可,承认,公认,赏识”；remember意为“回忆起,铭记,纪念，记得”。plicated意为“复杂的,难解的”。根据上文中的内容和下文中的“confusing passwords to remember or

101、change every few months”可判断出由于不需记忆混乱的密码或过几个月改变密码使操作过程不再那么复杂。simple意为“简单的,简易的”；special意为“特别的,特殊的,专门的,专用的”;useful意为“有用的,有益的,有帮手的”。78.technology意为“工艺,科技,技术”。根据上文中的“Crave mentions how NECSoft BiodeLogon system uses face recognition technology to log you on to Windows”可判断出经过研究找到这个项技术。computer意为“计算机,电脑”；a

102、pplication意为“请求,申请,申请表,应用,运用,施用,敷用”。79.inexpensive意为“便宜的,不贵重的”，表示这种应用软件相对便宜。independent意为“独立自主的,不受约束的”；infrequent意为“稀少的,很少发生的,罕见的”；instant意为“立即的,直接的,紧迫的,刻不容缓的”。80.software意为“软件”。根据上文中的“application called FaceCode”可判断出这是一种软件，software与前文application同义，都指“软件”。表示“该软件需用到一个摄像头来识别，并帮助计算机用户登陆到他们的系统当中”。accoun

103、t意为“计算,账目,说明,估计,理由”；consumer意为“消费者”；designer意为“设计家,制图师”。81.user意为“用户”。根据上文中的“.requires the use of a webcam to recognize and log PC users into their systems.”可判断出你可以想增加多少个用户就增加多少个用户，只要为他们每人提供一个账户就可以了。82.fail意为“失败”。根据下文中的“you can recall the Windows user name and password by using a hot-key combination”可判断出如果系统不能识别你的脸，你只要调出窗口用户名和密码就可以了。begin意为“开始,首先”；try意为“试,试图,努力”；stop意为“停止,被塞住”。83.face意为“脸”。根据上文中的face recognition technology和整个短文的内容可判断出如果系统不能识别你的脸。name意为“名字,名称,姓名,名誉”；password意为“密码”。account意为“账目”。