专题13it用法及其句型-2024年高中英语语法精讲精练.docx

1、专题13 it用法及其句型-2024年高中英语语法精讲精练高中it用法及其句型的主要考察题型考察题型考察方式语法填空给提示的空格可能会考察1题，涉及到动词的特殊时态形式。比如说“It is suggested that they _（begin）with the third question.”这道题的答案填涉及虚拟语气的“should begin”。不给提示的空格也可能会考察1题，涉及到it的固定句型比较多，例如it作为形式主语或者形式宾语的句式。比如说“_is said that Tom has been back from abroad.”这道题的答案填形式主语本身“It”。书面表达学生

2、能够成功地在应用文写作和读后续写中用上1-2句it的固定句式能起到美化文章的作用。例如倡议书结尾部分可以用上形式主语It开头的“It is high time that.”句式，比如说“It is high time that the government took effective measures to protect our environment.”。再例如建议信中提出具体建议时可以用上形式宾语it的“I think it +adj+ for sb to do sth”句式，比如说“I think it important for you to make a study plan.”

3、。高中it用法及其句型的主要考察点 It is +adj+for/of sb to do sth句式 It is no good (use, pleasure, fun) doing sth. 句式 It is important (necessary, right, strange, natural.) that句式 It is clear (apparent, obvious, true, likely, possible, certain) that句式 It is said (reported, believed, hoped, expected.) that句式 It is sugg

4、ested (ordered, recommended, required.) that It is a pity (a shame, a fact, a wonder, a pleasure.) that句式 It is time (about time, high time) that句式 It is/has been+时间段+since句式 It looks (seems, appears) as if句式 It is a waste of time (money) doing sth.句式 I think it important to do sth.句式 I like/hate it

5、 if (when) 句式【典型真题】【2021年1月浙江省普通高校招生考试英语试题】应用文写作：At first, it is of significance to fully understand the school. After that, it is at canteen that you can have a special lunch with our students.【2021年全国高考新高考I卷英语试题】应用文写作：It has been 10 years since Youth was founded. In my memory, it is Youth that acc

6、ompanies me through my whole high school. 读后续写：It was not only the gift, but the love of the children for her that moved her very much. 【2021年全国高考乙卷英语试题】应用文写作：On the other hand, online learning itself has some imperfections, making it difficult for us not to be affected.【2022年6月普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（浙江卷)英语

7、试题】应用文写作：Its really convenient for us to do some group projects.【2022年全国甲卷英语高考真题】应用文写作：Thus, it is imperative to protect ocean. All in all, it is high time that we devoted ourselves to protecting ocean. 【2022年全国乙卷英语高考真题】Its urgent for students themselves to improve their self-discipline, and its als

8、o urgent for parents and teachers to strengthen the guidance. 【2022年新高考全国卷英语真题】应用文写作：Id appreciate it if you take my invitation into consideration. 读后续写：It seemed that the runway was extremely long for young children, not to mention a child with a heart disease. It was no more important whether he w

9、on the first place or not. It was his brave heart and strong faith that could make something unusual happen finally.【2022年浙江省高考英语试卷真题】应用文写作：It was at that festival that you shared so many interesting things about your country together, through which I learned a lot about your food, culture and histo

10、ry. 读后续写：I thought it was impossible to persuade him into accepting my views, so I didnt want to waste our time to discuss. I【2023年新高考全国卷英语真题】应用文写作：I think its not a good idea to randomly pair up students for the spoken English training after class. 读后续写：I said, “Its you who make me fall in love wit

11、h writing, my social studies teacher. Without your recognition and guidance, I couldnt have written this article. Again thank you very much!”下面具体讲解以上表格中的13种考察点：一、 It is +adj+for/of sb to do sth句式 - 在该句式中，it是形式主语，动词不定式是真正主语。句式中的形容词通常分为形容人的或者形容事情的。形容事情的有important, necessary, natural,normal, hard, diff

12、icult, unusual, impossible等。形容词人的有good, bad, brave, careless, clever, cruel, foolish, honest, kind, lazy, modest, nice, polite, rude, silly, stupid, wise, wrong, right等。It is very important for us to take part in physical training out of class.It is very kind of you to help me out of trouble. It was

13、 brave of him to jump into the river to rescue the drowning boy.二、It is no good (use, pleasure, fun) doing sth. 句式- 该句式中，it是形式主语，表语部分是否定意义，形容词往往表示“益处，用处，乐趣”等含义，真正主语一般用动名词形式。It is no good learning English without speaking English. It is no fun climbing mountains on raining days.三、It is important (nec

14、essary, right, strange, natural.) that句式- 该句式中的形容词表示事物的重要性、必要性、正确与否以及带有“出乎意料的语气”，所以，that 从句中要用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形）。It is important that we should learn English well. It is necessary that he should remember these language rules. 四、It is clear (apparent, obvious, true, likely, possible, certain) that句式

15、- 该句式中，it 是形式主语，真正的主语是that 引导的主语从句，这是it引导主语从句最常见的一种结构。It is very clear that hes round and tall like a tree. = That hes round and tall like a tree is very clear. It is very likely that he will not consent.= That he will not consent is likely.五、It is said (reported, believed, hoped, expected.) that句式-

16、 该句型中的it 仍是形式主语，真正主语是that 引导的主语从句。该结构常译为“据说（据报道，人们相信）”。 It is said that he has gone to Los Angles. It is reported that another earth satellite has been sent into orbit.六、It is suggested (ordered, recommended, required.) that句式- 该句式中的过去分词表示请求，建议，命令等含义，that后的从句要用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形），should 可以省略。常译为“据建议

17、（有命令说）It is suggested that the meeting ( should ) be put off till next Friday. It was ordered that the soldiers (should) arrive there in two hours. 七、It is a pity (a shame, a fact, a wonder, a pleasure.) that句式- 该句式中，如果表示出乎意料，常译为“竟然”，that从句也用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形）。若没有这种意义时，则不用虚拟语气。It is a pity that suc

18、h a thing should happen in your class. 这种事竟然发生在你们班上，真是遗憾！ It is a pity that he is ill. 他生病了，真遗憾！ 八、It is time (about time, high time) that 句式- 该句式中that 后的从句用虚拟语气：可以使用一般过去时态, 有时也用should + 动词原形。常译为“该是的时候了”，意味着时间有些晚了。It is time that children went to bed. It is high time that we began to work on the pai

19、nting.It is about time that we should have our lunch.九、It is/has been+时间段+since 句式- 该句式主要用于表达非延续动词和一段时间连用的问题。It is 之后是一段时间，时态是一般现在时（有时可以是现在完成时），since 引导的从句通常是一般过去时态，而且是瞬间动词。It is five years since my older brother joined the army. It has been a long time since we departed last time.十、It looks (seems,

20、 appears) as if句式- 该句式中it作为引导词无意义, as if 引导一个表语从句。常译为“看起来好像”，如果与事实不相符合，则用虚拟语气。It looks as if that old man is ill.It seemed as if it were going to rain.It appears as if they have lost interest.十一、It is a waste of time (money) doing sth. 句式- Its a waste of time your talking to him.It is a waste of mon

21、ey buying such an old car.十二、I think it important to do sth. 句式- 该句式中的it 作形式宾语。主句中几个常用动词有：think, believe, make, find, consider, feel。Do you find it funny to see someone sliding on a banana skin,We thought it necessary that the two sides should stop arguing. I consider it rude to stare at other peopl

22、e. We believe it useless reading without standing.十三、I like/hate it if (when) 句式- 在一些表示“喜好、厌恶”的动词之后，例如：enjoy, like, dislike, love, hate, prefer, appreciate等，后接 if 从句或 when 从句，通常先在动词后接 it 作形式宾语。She wont like it if you arrive late.她不喜欢你迟到。He hates it when people use his bike.他讨厌别人用他的自行车。I hate it if y

23、ou say such things in public. 我讨厌你在大庭广众之下说那样的事。I would appreciate it very much if you would help me with it. 如果你能帮助我做这事，我会十分感激。【补充习题】一、阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xian, as a first step _41_ (journey) the Belt and Road route (

24、路线) by foot. On the 1,100. Kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, _42_ lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three province. Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation _43_ (bold) in Beijing, Cao decided to cover the rout

25、e by hiking as a tribute (致敬) to the ancient Silk Road. _44_ friend of his, Wu Fan, volunteered to be his companion during the trip. Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road, in order to promote environmental _45_ (protect). Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more _46_ (meaning

26、). The two of them collected more than 1,000 plastic bottles along the 40-day journey. In the last five cars. Cao _47_ (walk) through 34 countries in six continents, and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africas _48_ (high) mountain. Now, Cao has started the second part of his dream to wal

27、k along the Belt and Road route. He flew 4, 700 kilometers _49_ Xian to Kashgar on seat. 20, _50_ (plan) to hike back to Xian in five months.【答案】41. to journey 42. who 43. held 44. A 45. protection 46. meaningful 47. has walked 48. highest 49. from 50. planning 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是一个失明的北京男子曹盛康徒步旅行一带一

28、路的事情。【41题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：近日，一名来自北京的盲人徒步40天来到西安，作为“一带一路”徒步旅行的第一步。分析句子结合句意可知，journey为动词，表示“旅行”，step前面有序数词，应用不定式，作后置定语。故填to journey。【42题详解】考查定语从句。句意：在1100公里的旅程中，8岁时因一次车祸失明的男子曹盛康穿过了三个省的40个城市和县。分析句子结合句意可知，此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词为Cao Shengkang，指人，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导。故填who。【43题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：受到在北京举行的“一带一路”国际合作高峰论坛的启发

29、，曹决定徒步穿越这条路线，以向古代丝绸之路致敬。分析句子可知，本句已有谓语动词decided，所以hold应用非谓语动词形式，hold与cooperation之间为逻辑动宾关系，应用过去分词，作后置定语，表被动。故填held。【44题详解】考查冠词。句意：他的一位朋友吴凡在旅行中自愿成为他的同伴。根据句意可知，此处泛指“他的一个朋友”，应用不定冠词，friend以辅音音素开头，应用a，空处位于句首，首字母大写。故填A。【45题详解】考查名词。句意：曹和吴还沿路收集垃圾，以促进环境保护。根据句意和空前的形容词environmental可知，此处应用名词protection，作宾语，protect

30、ion表示“保护”时，是不可数名词。故填protection。【46题详解】考查形容词。句意：曹认为这将使这次徒步旅行更加有意义。此处是make复合结构，应用形容词meaningful，作宾语补足语。故填meaningful。【47题详解】考查动词时态。句意：在过去的五年中，曹操穿越了六大洲的34个国家，2016年，他到达了乞力马扎罗山顶，这是非洲最高的山峰。根据时间状语in the last five years可知，此处应用现在完成时，主语Cao为第三人称单数，助动词用has。故填has walked。【48题详解】考查形容词最高级。句意：在过去的五年中，曹穿越了六大洲的34个国家，201

31、6年，他到达了乞力马扎罗山顶，这是非洲最高的山峰。根据空前Africas可知，此处表示乞力马扎罗山是非洲最高的山脉，应用形容词最高级。故填highest。【49题详解】考查介词。句意：9月20日，他从4700公里外的西安飞到了喀什，计划在五个月内徒步回到西安。根据句意和Xian to Kashgar 可知，此处表示“从西安飞往喀什”，应用介词from，固定搭配fromto表示“从到”。故填from。【50题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：9月20日，他从4700公里外的西安飞到了喀什，计划在五个月内徒步回到西安。分析句子可知，已有谓语动词flew，所以动词plan(计划)应用非谓语动词形式，pla

32、n与主语He之间为逻辑主谓关系，应用现在分词，表主动。故填planning。二、根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Important Things to Know When Dining OutCultural dining etiquette (礼节) might surprise you with some of its important rules. _16_. Knowing some tips will help ensure that you have an enjoyable meal with friends or family

33、 no matter where you are in the world. Chopstick Rules The way you handle chopsticks is important to avoid annoying your companions. When you put them down between bites, always put them down together so they are parallel with the edge of the table in front of you. _17_ . Hands or Utensils (餐具)In In

34、dia and the Middle East, its considered very rude to eat with your left hand. People in France expect you to eat with a utensil in each hand. _18_, instead preferring to use their hands. In Chile, you may never touch any food with your fingers. People in Thailand generally use their forks only to pu

35、sh food onto their spoons. Making Requests _19_ . In Portugal, this would be a serious mistake, because it shows the chef that you dont like their seasoning skills. Similarly, in Italy, never ask for extra cheese to add to your food. Some of these cultural dining etiquette rules may seem random and

36、strange, but they are important in various countries. _20_ , the more comfortable youll begin to feel with its foreign cultural practices.A. The more friends you make in your lifetimeB. The more time you spend in any given countryC. Mexicans consider it inappropriate to eat with utensilsD. Dont get

37、caught making an embarrassing mistake at a restaurantE. Its a good sign for the chef if you make a mess around your plateF. Never stick them upright in your food or cross them as you use themG. It may seem like a simple request to ask for salt and pepper at a meal【答案】16. D 17. F 18. C 19. G 20. B【解析

38、】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些外出就餐时要知道的一些重要事情。【16题详解】根据文章标题“Important Things to Know When Dining Out (外出就餐时要知道的重要事情)”可知，本文主要介绍的是外出就餐时应该知道的重要事情。由此可知，D项“Dont get caught making an embarrassing mistake at a restaurant (不要在餐馆犯尴尬的错误)”符合语境，其中“at a restaurant”对应标题中的“When Dining Out”，同时引起下文“Knowing some tips will help

39、ensure that you have an enjoyable meal with friends or family no matter where you are in the world. (知道一些技巧将有助于确保你和朋友或家人一起享受一顿愉快的晚餐无论你在世界的哪个地方)”。故选D。【17题详解】根据本段小标题“Chopstick Rules”可知，本段主要讲述的是使用筷子的规则。根据上文“When you put them down between bites, always put them down together so they are parallel with th

40、e edge of the table in front of you. (当你在吃的间隙把它们放下来的时候，一定要把它们放在一起，这样它们就和你面前的桌子边缘平行了)”可知，此处讲述了正确使用筷子的方式。由此可知，F项“Never stick them upright in your food or cross them as you use them (不要把它们笔直地插在你的食物中，也不要在使用它们时交叉放置)”讲述的也是使用筷子时的注意事项，符合此处语境，其中“them”指的是上文的“chopsticks”。故选F。【18题详解】根据本段小标题“Hands or Utensils (餐

41、具)”可知，本段主要讲述的是手和餐具的问题。根据上文“In India and the Middle East, its considered very rude to eat with your left hand. People in France expect you to eat with a utensil in each hand. (在印度和中东，用左手吃饭被认为是非常不礼貌的。法国人希望你每只手拿一个餐具吃饭)”及下文“instead preferring to use their hands (相反更愿意使用他们的双手)”可知，此处在讲述不同国家就餐时习惯使用哪只手的问题。由

42、此可知，C项“Mexicans consider it inappropriate to eat with utensils (墨西哥人认为用餐具吃饭是不合适的)”符合语境，与下文形成转折关系。故选C。【19题详解】根据本段小标题“Making Requests”可知，本段主要讲述的是用餐时提请求的问题。根据下文“In Portugal, this would be a serious mistake, because it shows the chef that you dont like their seasoning skills. Similarly, in Italy, never

43、ask for extra cheese to add to your food. (在葡萄牙，这将是一个严重的错误，因为这向厨师表明你不喜欢他们的调味技巧。同样，在意大利，永远不要要求在食物中添加额外的奶酪)”可推知，在一些国家，用餐时提出要求是很无礼的。由此可知，G项“It may seem like simple request to ask for salt and pepper at a meal (吃饭时要盐和胡椒看似很简单)”符合此处语境，其中“request”是关键词，说明，在用餐时提出一些我们看来很平常的要求在某些国家是无礼的。故选G。【20题详解】根据下文“the more

44、 comfortable youll begin to feel with its foreign cultural practices. (你就会对它的外国文化习俗感到越舒服)”可推知，此处指在一个国家待得越久，就会越习惯当地习俗，且此处是“the+比较级，the+比较级”结构，B项“The more time you spend in any given country (你在某个国家待的时间越长)”符合文意，引出下文。故选B。三、阅读理解Quantum ( 量子 ) computers have been on my mind a lot lately. A friend has bee

45、n sending me articles on how quantum computers might help solve some of the biggest challenges we face as humans. Ive also had exchanges with two quantum-computing experts. One is computer scientist Chris Johnson who I see as someone who helps keep the field honest. The other is physicist Philip Tay

46、lor.For decades, quantum computing has been little more than a laboratory curiosity. Now, big tech companies have invested in quantum computing, as have many smaller ones. According to Business Weekly, quantum machines could help us “cure cancer, and even take steps to turn climate change in the opp

47、osite direction.” This is the sort of hype ( 炒作 ) that annoys Johnson. He worries that researchers are making promises they cant keep. “Whats new,” Johnson wrote, “is that millions of dollars are now potentially available to quantum computing researchers.”As quantum computing attracts more attention

48、 and funding, researchers may mislead investors, journalists, the public and, worst of all, themselves about their works potential. If researchers cant keep their promises, excitement might give way to doubt, disappointment and anger, Johnson warns. Lots of other technologies have gone through stage

49、s of excitement. But something about quantum computing makes it especially prone to hype, Johnson suggests, perhaps because “quantum stands for something cool you shouldnt be able to understand.” And that brings me back to Taylor, who suggested that I read his book Q for Quantum.After I read the boo

50、k, Taylor patiently answered my questions about it. He also answered my questions about PyQuantum, the firm he co-founded in 2016. Taylor shares Johnsons concerns about hype, but he says those concerns do not apply to PyQuantum.The company, he says, is closer than any other firm “by a very large mar

51、gin ( 幅度 )” to building a “useful” quantum computer, one that “solves an impactful problem that we would not have been able to solve otherwise.” He adds, “People will naturally discount my opinions, but I have spent a lot of time quantitatively comparing what we are doing with others.”Could PyQuantu

52、m really be leading all the competition “by a wide margin”, as Taylor claims? I dont know. Im certainly not going to advise my friend or anyone else to invest in quantum computers. But I trust Taylor, just as I trust Johnson.31. Regarding Johnsons concerns, the author feels _.A. sympatheticB. unconc

53、ernedC. doubtfulD. excited32. What leads to Taylors optimism about quantum computing?A. His dominance in physics.B. The competition in the field.C. His confidence in PyQuantum.D. The investment of tech companies.33. What does the underlined word “prone” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean?A. Open.B. C

54、ool.C. Useful.D. Resistant.34. Which would be the best title for the passage?A. Is Johnson More Competent Than Taylor?B. Is Quantum Computing Redefining Technology?C. Will Quantum Computers Ever Come into Being?D. Will Quantum Computing Ever Live Up to Its Hype?【答案】31. A 32. C 33. A 34. D【解析】本文是一篇议论

55、文。主要论述了“量子计算真的会像它的宣传那样成功吗？”，计算机科学家克里斯约翰逊和物理学家菲利普泰勒分别阐明了自己的观点。31.【解析】推理判断题。根据第三自然段“As quantum computing attracts more attention and funding, researchers may mislead investors, journalists, the public and, worst of all, themselves about their works potential. If researchers cant keep their promises, e

56、xcitement might give way to doubt, disappointment and anger, Johnson warns. （随着量子计算吸引了更多的关注和资金，研究人员可能会误导投资者、记者、公众，最糟糕的是，他们自己的工作潜力。约翰逊警告说，如果研究人员不能兑现承诺，兴奋可能会让位于怀疑、失望和愤怒）”根据最后一段“ But I trust Taylor, just as I trust Johnson.”（但我相信泰勒，就像我相信约翰逊一样）可知，关于约翰逊的担忧，作者是支持的。A. sympathetic同情的，赞同的；B. unconcerned不关心的；

57、C. doubtful怀疑的；D. excited激动的。故选A。32.【解析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“The company, he says, is closer than any other firm “by a very large margin ( 幅度 )” to building a “useful” quantum computer, one that “solves an impactful problem that we would not have been able to solve otherwise.” He adds, “People will natural

58、ly discount my opinions, but I have spent a lot of time quantitatively comparing what we are doing with others.”（ 他说，这家公司比其他任何公司都“在很大程度上”接近于制造出“有用的”量子计算机，它“解决了一个有影响力的问题，否则我们无法解决这个问题”。他补充说:“人们自然会不相信我的观点，但我已经花了很多时间来定量地比较我们与他人的做法）”可知，泰勒对量子计算的乐观来源于他对PyQuantum的信心。故选C。33.【解析】词义猜测题。根据第三自然段“But something ab

59、out quantum computing makes it especially prone to hype, Johnson suggests, perhaps because “quantum stands for something cool you shouldnt be able to understand.”（ 但约翰逊表明，量子计算的某些方面使得它特别 prone被炒作，可能是因为“量子”代表了一些你不应该理解的酷东西。”）”可知，本句中含有一个原因状语从句，因为“量子”代表了一些你不应该理解的酷东西”，所以它特别容易被炒作。故prone意为“易于的”。A. Open.开放的；

60、易受损害的；B. Cool. 酷的；C. Useful. 有用的；D. Resistant. 有抵抗力的。故选A。34.【解析】主旨大意题。根据第二自然段“Now, big tech companies have invested in quantum computing, as have many smaller ones. According to Business Weekly, quantum machines could help us “cure cancer, and even take steps to turn climate change in the opposite d

61、irection. This is the sort of hype ( 炒作 ) that annoys Johnson.”（ 现在，大型科技公司和许多小型公司都在量子计算领域进行了投资。据商业周刊报道，量子机器可以帮助我们“治愈癌症，甚至采取措施将气候变化转向相反的方向。这种炒作让约翰逊感到恼火。”）”以及最后一段“Could PyQuantum really be leading all the competition “by a wide margin”, as Taylor claims? I dont know. Im certainly not going to advise my friend or anyone else to invest in quantum computers.（PyQuantum真的能像泰勒所说的那样“以巨大的优势”领先所有竞争对手吗？我不知道。我当然不会建议我的朋友或其他人投资量子计算机。但我信任泰勒，就像我信任约翰逊一样。）”可知，本文主要论述了“量子计算真的会像它的宣传那样成功吗？”，计算机科学家克里斯约翰逊和物理学家菲利普泰勒分别阐明了自己的观点。所以短文的最佳标题为“量子计算真的会像它的宣传那样成功吗？”。故选D。