专题15 阅读六选四-2024年高考英语二轮热点题型归纳与变式演练（新高考通用）（原卷版）.docx

1、专题15 阅读理解之六选四上海高考六选四是高考新题型，由原来的任务型阅读改革而来，分值8分，语法难度较任务型阅读有所降低，要求根据短文内容，从所给六个句子中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。但理解难度提高。一般来说，给出一篇缺少四个句子的短文和六个选项，进行六选四。每句出版篇章的某一段落，要求学生找出与每句相匹配的段落。这一种阅读新题型固然有着不同于传统阅读解题方法的种种方面，但同时也具备一些可以为学生所利用的新特点。考生需要从整体上把握文章的逻辑结构和内容上的联系，理解句子之间、段落之间的关系，对诸如连贯性、一致性等语段特征有较强的意识和熟练的把握，并具备运用语法知识分析理

2、解长难句的能力。此题型是对语言能力和阅读理解能力的综合测试。分析篇章结构，把握全篇文脉，是解答这一题型的关键。短文长度一般为300词左右，题材为记叙文、说明文和议论文为主。设空类型：1.主旨句：标题类、主题句类；2.过渡性句子:文章结构；3.细节注释性句子：上下文逻辑意义。值得注意的是文中不同的地方挖空，考査的能力要求也会有所不同。题型归纳题型01 主旨句题【题型诠释】在某段第一句设空的内容通常是该段落主旨句，学生需要通过认真研读该段的内容，然后从选项中查找下文的同义词或其他相关词或句的方法，从而确定答案；有时则需反复读设空处后面一两句或更多内容，确定关键信息词，然后在各个选项中查找关联词和信

3、息句。学生做这类题时，注意一般正确答案选项与所设空后的第一句在意义上是紧密衔接的，因此正确选项和原文的内容是连贯且符合逻辑的。【典例1】(2023上海上海中学校考模拟预测)Changing Someones Mind at the Dinner TableFamily gatherings can bring up topics we prefer to avoid. With the festive season in full swing, it might be hard to stay away from some annoying relatives. At some point,

4、you know they will say something like: “Genetically modified foods are not safe to eat” or “Climate change is a conspiracy”. (Surely, all these statements are untrue.) 67 “Is it worth making an effort to correct people?” says Jason Reifler at the University of Exeter, UK, who studies ways of challen

5、ging misperceptions. I think so. 68 Obviously, it is far more difficult to prove false beliefs wrong than to spread them.Take a classic: “The climate has always changed, its nothing to do with humans.” To fight this, you need to explain how the world is now warming at an alarming rate, when otherwis

6、e it would be cooling slightly were it not for our carbon dioxide emissions. 69 “Parallel” arguments can often highlight logical errors very effectively, says John Cook of George Mason University, Virginia. For instance, the “climate is always changing” myth is like claiming that because people have

7、 always stolen from each other, leaving your house unlocked wont increase the risk of burglary (入室抢劫).But you need to be aware of the backfire (适得其反的) effect. 70 This was discouraging news for the fight against false beliefs. “The last thing you want to do when debunking (驳斥) misinformation is make

8、matters worse,” wrote Cook and Stephan Lewandowsky at the University of Bristol, UK, in The Debunking Handbook, a short guide published in2011.However, more recent studies are far more encouraging. Its not as common as we initially thought,“ says Lewandowsky.A. This is the idea that trying to change

9、 someones false belief can make them believe it more strongly.B. However, more recent studies are far more encouraging.C. Anyone can spread a lie, but it usually takes a bit of time and knowledge to explain why a statement is wrong.D. But sometimes there are shortcuts to make your point convincing.E

10、. If you are not sure of the facts, do some web browsing on your phone rather than trying to wing it.F. If this happens, you dont have to just sit there quiet.【答案】67. F 68. C 69. D 70. A【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了如何在餐桌上改变某人的想法。67. 根据后文“Is it worth making an effort to correct people?” says Jason Reifler at t

11、he University of Exeter, UK, who studies ways of challenging misperceptions. I think so.(“值得努力去纠正别人吗？”英国埃克塞特大学的Jason Reifler说，他研究的是如何挑战误解。我想是的。)”可知，后文提到Jason Reifler纠正别人是值得的，所以针对第一段发生的情况，不必只是坐在那里。故F选项“如果发生这种情况，你不必只是安静地坐在那里”符合语境，故选F。68. 根据上文“Is it worth making an effort to correct people?” says Jason

12、 Reifler at the University of Exeter, UK, who studies ways of challenging misperceptions. I think so.(“值得努力去纠正别人吗？”英国埃克塞特大学的Jason Reifler说，他研究的是如何挑战误解。我想是的。)”可知，上文提到Jason Reifler研究的是如何挑战误解，且鼓励人们去澄清误解，本句为本段最后一句，应承接上文继续说明如何来解释一个陈述是错误的情况。故C选项“任何人都可以散布谎言，但通常需要一些时间和知识来解释为什么一个陈述是错误的”符合语境，故选C。69. 根据后文“Para

13、llel” arguments can often highlight logical errors very effectively, says John Cook of George Mason University, Virginia. For instance, the “climate is always changing” myth is like claiming that because people have always stolen from each other, leaving your house unlocked wont increase the risk of

14、 burglary (入室抢劫).(弗吉尼亚州乔治梅森大学的约翰库克说，“平行”论证常常能非常有效地突出逻辑错误。例如，“气候总是在变化”的神话就像是声称因为人们总是互相偷东西，所以不锁房子不会增加入室盗窃的风险)”可知，后文提到“平行”论证常常能非常有效地突出逻辑错误，即有其它方法可以让自己的观点更令人信服。故D选项“但是有时候有捷径可以让你的观点令人信服”符合语境，故选D。70. 根据上文“But you need to be aware of the backfire (适得其反的) effect.(但你需要注意适得其反的效果)”以及后文“This was discouraging ne

15、ws for the fight against false beliefs.(对于打击错误信念的斗争来说，这是一个令人沮丧的消息)”可知，本句进一步论述会产生何种适得其反的效果：试图改变一个人的错误信念可以让他们更坚定地相信它。故A选项“这个观点认为，试图改变一个人的错误信念可以让他们更坚定地相信它”符合语境，故选A。题型02 承上启下句题【题型诠释】在某段第一句设空的内容也有可能为承上启下的句子，这就需要学生做到瞻前顾后，既熟悉上一段结尾的内容，又结合下一段的内容，分析所选的答案是否能够将两段内容连贯起来。还有可能这一空是引出下一段的内容。如果在选项中找不出与前文之间的关联，此时可考虑与下

16、一段开头是否有一定的衔接。认真阅读下一段开头几句，看是否能与选项的最后一句紧密连接起来。解决此类题型，可以根据逻辑关系来判断。它包括：因果关系、转折关系、并列关系、递进关系、例证关系。【典例2】(2023上上海高三格致中学校考阶段练习)The Bitter Truth Behind VanillaVanilla is one of the worlds most popular spices and an important ingredient in products ranging from chocolate to perfume. However, the wholesale pric

17、e of vanilla has reached up to $600 per kilogram, when just a few years ago it fetched a tenth of that. What is happening?Madagascar supplies more than 80 percent of the worlds natural vanilla. In the 19th century, the French introduced Bourbon vanilla to their African island colony. Today, vanilla

18、represents 20 percent of Madagascan exports, worth around $600 million at current prices. However, it is a difficult crop to grow. A vine takes three to four years to mature. 67 Nine months later, the green beans must be hand-picked when perfectly ripe to optimize their vanillin content (the compoun

19、d that gives vanilla its flavor). Months of blanching (焯水), sweathing (焖煮) and gradual drying in the sun are then necessary to produce the aromatic (芳香的) spice. Six hundred hand-pollinated blossoms yield about six kilos of green beans, which convert to one kilo of dried beans.The price of Madagascan

20、 vanilla was once set by the government. 68 Madagascars government was eventually forced to end its price-fixing regime (体制). Food giants such as Unilever and Nestl also increased their use of synthetic vanillin, which can be produced from reliable sources, adding to the pressure. For 30 years, Mada

21、gascars vanilla farmers earned just a pittance, and many ended up leaving the business. But even with fewer producers, the price of natural vanilla stayed low.It was not until public tastes started shifting towards all things natural that farmers fortunes revived. From around 2011, some manufacturer

22、s began focusing once more on natural vanilla. In 2015, Nestl announced plans to use only natural ingredients in five years, and Hersheys followed suit. 69 Extreme weather, weak crop-security, and exporters who hoard inventory (囤货) and speculate (做投机买卖) on further rises have also kept prices high. 7

23、0 To prevent theft of their now rather valuable crops, farmers have taken to harvesting the beans early, thereby reducing the overall quality of the crop. That forces the government to make greater efforts to enforce penalties (处罚). If it manages this, Madagascar could yet savor the benefits of its

24、near monopoly (垄断).A. Its expensive because its both labor-intensive and time-consuming to grow.B. Demand has therefore surged, and with it prices - in part because natural supplies are insufficient.C. If pollination (授粉) is successful, it will take another eight to nine months until the plant matur

25、es.D. This rise has not been without its challenges.E. The flowers open for just one day a year, so pollination is done completely by hand.F. But such were the prices it demanded for vanilla that in the 1980s buyers turned their attention to the cheaper, poor-quality version available elsewhere, in

26、particular Indonesia.【答案】67. E 68. F 69. B 70. D【解析】这是一篇说明文，香草是世界上最受欢迎的香料之一，其批发价格高达每公斤600美元，然而就在几年前，它的价格只有这个价格的十分之一，文章讲述了其中的原因。67. 根据上文“A vine takes three to four years to mature.(藤蔓需要三到四年才能成熟)”及下文“Nine months later, the green beans must be hand-picked when perfectly ripe to optimize their vanillin

27、content (the compound that gives vanilla its flavor).(9个月后，青豆必须在完全成熟时手工采摘，以优化它们的香草素含量（香草的味道来自于这种化合物）”可知，此处是描述香草种植的艰难之处，E项“这种花一年只开放一天，所以授粉完全靠手工完成”符合语境。故选E。68. 根据上文“The price of Madagascan vanilla was once set by the government.(马达加斯加香草的价格曾经由政府确定)”可知，马达加斯加的香草的价格曾经由政府确定，下文“Madagascars government was ev

28、entually forced to end its price-fixing regime (体制).(马达加斯加政府最终被迫结束了价格操纵制度)”提到马达加斯加政府最终被迫结束了价格操纵制度，所以空处应是提及其他可以购买香草的地方，F项“但由于对香草的价格要求太高，20世纪80年代，买家将注意力转向了其他可以买到更便宜、质量较差的香草的地方，尤其是印度尼西亚”符合语境。故选F。69. 根据上文“In 2015, Nestl announced plans to use only natural ingredients in five years, and Hersheys followed

29、 suit.(2015年，Nestl宣布计划在五年内只使用天然原料，Hersheys也紧随其后)”可知，制造商再次关注香草，因此空处应是提及香草的需求量增大，B项“因此，需求激增，价格也随之飙升部分原因是自然供应不足”符合语境，故选B。70. 上文“Extreme weather, weak crop-security, and exporters who hoard inventory(囤货) and speculate(做投机买卖) on further rises have also kept prices high.(极端的天气，脆弱的农作物安全，以及囤积库存并投机价格进一步上涨的出口

30、商也使得价格居高不下)”提到一系列原因使得香草价格居高不下，下文“To prevent theft of their now rather valuable crops, farmers have taken to harvesting the beans early, thereby reducing the overall quality of the crop. That forces the government to make greater efforts to enforce penalties (处罚).(为了防止现在价值颇高的作物被盗，农民们开始提前收割咖啡豆，从而降低了作物

31、的整体质量。这迫使政府在执行处罚方面付出更大努力)”描述了价格上涨导致的问题，D项“这种上涨并非没有挑战”承上启下，符合语境，故选D。题型03 总结、概括句题【题型诠释】如果第一段的段尾是空格，要认真阅读，看此处是细节还是主题。通常文章第一段要提出文章的主题，如果在段尾提出主题，会用一些信号词如转折词引出来，正确答案中应有这样的特征词。 做题时一要注意空格前的一句或两句；二是注意在选项中查找表示结果、结论、总结的信号词，如to conclude, in a word, thus, hence, in short, to sum up, therefore, as a result等词语；三是要

32、注意与前文的逻辑关系，找到关键的线索词句，如表示转折、对比、并列或排比的关系。【典例3】(2023下上海高三上海市建平中学校考开学考试) Within the last decade, music festivals have grown into a major moneymaker in a competitive industry that sees hundreds of such events each year in the U. S. There are the big ones with big ticket prices, multiple stages, camping o

33、ptions and nearly endless lists of performers. 67 The origins of music festivals date back to ancient Greece, where such events often involved competitions in music, arts and sports. Modern music festival in the U. S. grew out of the establishment of Woodstock. Though it was not the first event of i

34、ts kind, the 1969 event holds a mythical place within American pop-cultural history. 68 Coachella, one of the most popular festivals in the country, grossed $ 114. 6 million in 2017, setting a major record by earning more than $ 100 million. The mechanics that drove music festivals to becoming top e

35、arners have a lot to do with the effects of modern life, says Chirinos, a professor of clinical music and global health at New York University. 69 He says, arguing that sharing a clip from a Billie Eilish or Cardi B performance with ones Instagram followers is more satisfying than buying something e

36、xpensive. A 2019 Deloitte survey of millennials a group that makes up at 45% of the 32 million people who attend music festivals finds that most value experiences: 57% of them said they prefer travel and seeing the world over owning a home. 70 As streaming becomes one of the most popular ways to lis

37、ten to music, sales of tickets and products make up a large part of fans expenditures on music. Because listening to music has become practically free, the access is unprecedented and makes live music much more special, according to Chirinos. “Audiences are keen to connect to the artist and,” he say

38、s. On the other hand, for artists, appearing at music festivals is an easier way to make money than depending on record sales or long tours. As record sales saw a sharp decline in the early-to-mid-2000s thanks to the growth of digital music, artists began depending on touring to earn money.A. Music

39、itself has changed as well, making festivals a bigger attraction for listeners.B. Streaming pop stars performance makes music even more popular.C. And alongside their rise in popularity, hundreds of smaller festivals have flourished.D. People are more likely now to spend money on experiences over ma

40、terial goods.E. Festivals have since grown into mainstream businesses that reap profits and embrace corporate sponsorships.F. The first musical festival was said to be held in Coachella.【答案】67. C 68. E 69. D 70. A【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了音乐会的起源、发展历史以及变化。67. 根据上文“Within the last decade, music festivals hav

41、e grown into a major moneymaker in a competitive industry that sees hundreds of such events each year in the U. S. There are the big ones with big ticket prices, multiple stages, camping options and nearly endless lists of performers.(在过去的十年里，音乐节在竞争激烈的行业中已经成长为一个主要的赚钱渠道，美国每年都有数百个这样的活动，其中有大型音乐节，票价很高，有

42、多个舞台，有露营的选择，表演者的名单几乎无穷无尽)”可知，上文提到了音乐节有很多，说明越来越受欢迎，在蓬勃发展。故C选项“随着它们越来越受欢迎，数百个较小的节日也蓬勃发展”符合语境，故选C。68. 根据上文“The origins of music festivals date back to ancient Greece, where such events often involved competitions in music, arts and sports. Modern music festival in the U. S. grew out of the establishmen

43、t of Woodstock. Though it was not the first event of its kind, the 1969 event holds a mythical place within American pop-cultural history.(音乐节的起源可以追溯到古希腊，这些活动通常包括音乐、艺术和体育比赛。现代音乐节在美国是随着伍德斯托克音乐节的建立而发展起来的。虽然这不是第一次这样的活动，1969年的活动在美国流行文化史上有着神秘的地位)”以及后文“Coachella, one of the most popular festivals in the c

44、ountry, grossed $ 114. 6 million in 2017, setting a major record by earning more than $ 100 million.(科切拉音乐节是该国最受欢迎的节日之一，总票房为114美元。2017年为600万美元，收入超过1亿美元，创下了一项重大记录)”可知，本段主要讲述了音乐节的起源和发展，后文提到了科切拉音乐节是该国最受欢迎的节日之一并创下收益记录，由此推知，说明本句是在说明这些音乐节发展以及获得大量收益的原因。故E选项“节日后来发展成为主流业务，获得利润并接受企业赞助”符合语境，故选E。69. 根据上文“The me

45、chanics that drove music festivals to becoming top earners have a lot to do with the effects of modern life, says Chirinos, a professor of clinical music and global health at New York University.(奇里诺斯是纽约大学临床音乐和全球健康教授，他说，推动音乐节成为高收入人群的机制与现代生活的影响有很大关系)”以及后文“he says, arguing that sharing a clip from a B

46、illie Eilish or Cardi B performance with ones Instagram followers is more satisfying than buying something expensive. A 2019 Deloitte survey of millennials a group that makes up at 45% of the 32 million people who attend music festivals finds that most value experiences: 57% of them said they prefer

47、 travel and seeing the world over owning a home.(他认为，与Instagram上的粉丝分享Billie Eilish或Cardi B的表演片段比买昂贵的东西更令人满意。Deloitte在2019年对千禧一代的一项调查发现，大多数有价值的体验：57%的千禧一代表示，他们更喜欢旅行和看世界，而不是拥有房子。千禧一代在参加音乐节的3200万人中占45%)”可知，本句承接上文说明音乐节成为高收入人群的机制与现代生活的影响之间的关系。故D选项“人们现在更有可能把钱花在体验上，而不是物质产品上”符合语境，故选D。70. 根据后文“As streaming b

48、ecomes one of the most popular ways to listen to music, sales of tickets and products make up a large part of fans expenditures on music. Because listening to music has become practically free, the access is unprecedented and makes live music much more special, according to Chirinos. “Audiences are

49、keen to connect to the artist and,” he says.(随着流媒体成为最受欢迎的听音乐方式之一，门票和产品的销售在粉丝的音乐支出中占据了很大一部分。奇里诺斯说，因为听音乐几乎是免费的，这种访问是前所未有的，使现场音乐变得更加特别。他说:“观众渴望与艺术家建立联系。”)”可知，上文提到“听音乐几乎是免费的，这种访问是前所未有的”，即产生了变化，也提到了“观众渴望与艺术家建立联系”，说明音乐对听众具有吸引力。故A选项“音乐本身也发生了变化，音乐节对听众的吸引力更大了”符合语境，故选A。题型04 归纳推理题【题型诠释】段中设空即主题句或展开句。尤其注意分析空前后的逻

50、辑关系和行文逻辑及内容的连贯性，注意句间的衔接手段。其特点主要以转折手法引出主题句，或者是用来承上启下的过渡句，也可能是补充前文具体的事实、事例和说明。从行文逻辑上判断有：1.例证关系：前后句的某句是为了证明另一句而举的例子。例证的形式具有多样性，思维过程基本是归纳(从例子到观点)和推理(从观点到例子)。2.转折关系：主要指英语行文中后句对前句构成逆转逻辑关系。如果空格前后两句话之间有however (然而)，nevertheless (然而，不过)，still (还，仍然)，though (可是，不过，然而)，yet (然而)，on the contrary (正相反)，in contras

51、t (与此相反，相比之下)，in comparison (比较起来，与比较)，by comparison (相比之下)等连接词，则表明前后两句话是逻辑上的逆转，空格处很有可能表示转折。3.因果关系：做题时最重要的是要在读懂空格前后的句子的基础上，依据彼此的关系来确认答案。有时，前后的句子之间出现as a result (结果)，thus/therefore (因此)，so (such).that (如此以至于)等标志性词语，表明前后句有着原因和结果之间的关系，说明前因后果或者前果后因等情况。4.递进关系：主要指英语行文中后句对前句是一种顺承逻辑关系。如果空格前后两句话之间有also (也，而且

52、)，further (进一步地，而且)，furthermore (而且，此外)，likewise (同样地，也)，similarly (相同地，类似地)，moreover (而且，此外)，in addition (另外，加之)，whats more (更重要的是)，not only.but also (不但而且)等连接词或词组，则表明前后两句是逻辑上的递进关系，空格处很有可能是个递进的句子。5.并列关系：如果空格前后两句话之间有first (ly) (首先，第一)，second (ly) (第二)，third (ly) (第三)；first (第一)，next (其次)，then (那么，然后

53、)；in the first place (第一，首先)，in the second place (第二，其次)；for one thing (首先，一则)，for another (其次)；to begin with (首先，第一)，to conclude (最后)等连接词或词组，则表明前后两句是逻辑上的并列关系，空格处很有可能是个并列的句子。学生做这类题时，第一步需要依据信息词将选项进行排除之后，把剩下的几个可能正确的选项依次代入设空处，最终判断和确定一个选项和空白处前后内容能达到语意连贯，逻辑关系清晰，于是得出了正确答案。【典例4】(2023上上海高三上海市育才中学校考阶段练习)A Sa

54、n Francisco Museum Tackles Arts Instagram DilemmaA woman held tightly her phone to her heart, the way a missionary might hold a Bible. She was anxious to take a picture of a stunning bouquet of flowers that sat not 10 ft away, but first she had to get through a crowd of others who were doing the sam

55、e. 67 For the 34th year, florists were asked to create bouquets that respond to pieces of art on display, from ancient carvings to contemporary sculptures. A tower of babys breath imitates a waterfall in a nearby painting by Gustav Grunewald. Red flamingo flowers and neon blue sticks echo a surreal

56、portrait of a woman by Salvador Dali.Its amazing and also extremely Instagrammable, to the point that it has become a problem. 68 Institutions of fine art around the world face similar problems as the desire to take photographs becomes a huge draw for museums as well as something that upsets some of

57、 their sponsors.So the de Young responded with a kind of agreement: carving out “photo free” hours during the exhibitions six-day run.One common complaint in the ongoing debates over the effect of social media on museum culture is that people seem to be missing out on experiences because they are so

58、 busy collecting evidence of them. A study published in the journal Psychological Science suggests there is truth to this. It found that people who took photos of an exhibit rather than simply observing it had a harder time remembering what they saw. 69 Linda Butler, the de Youngs head of marketing,

59、 communications and visitor experience, acknowledges that not everyone wants a museum to be “a selfie playland”. Yet a lot of other people do, and her take is that the de Young is in no position to claim that one motivation for buying a $28 ticket is more valid than another.If we removed social medi

60、a and photography, she says, “we should risk becoming irrelevant”. 70 On this visit to the museum, most people seemed to treat the photo craze as the new normal. Many politely waited their turn and got out of other peoples shots,even as visitors bumped into each other in crowded galleries.A. If this

61、 is a battle, signs indicate that the pro-phone crowd has already won.B. But rather than expressing frustration about this awkwardness, she said she felt guilty, as if she were the one challenging convention.C. In recent years, the de Young received more than a thousand complaints from people who fe

62、lt that cell phones had spoiled their experience of the exhibit.D. The cause of this recent craze was Bouquets to Art, one of the most popular annual events at the de Young Museum in San Francisco.E. The truth is people like selfies more than the exhibits way beyond researchers imagination.F. But th

63、e issue is complicated for the professionals running museums.【答案】67. D 68. C 69. F 70. A【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了由于一项名为“花束与艺术”的活动，旧金山的德扬博物馆里拿着手机拍照的人络绎不绝，这造成了一些问题。文章从不同人的角度说明了他们对此的看法。67. 根据上一段中“She was anxious to take a picture of a stunning bouquet of flowers that sat not 10 ft away, but first she had to

64、get through a crowd of others who were doing the same. (她迫不及待地想要在不到10英尺远的地方拍下一束漂亮的鲜花，但首先她得穿过一群同样做着同样事情的人)”以及后文“For the 34th year, florists were asked to create bouquets that respond to pieces of art on display, from ancient carvings to contemporary sculptures. (这是第34年，花商被要求根据展出的艺术品创作花束，从古代雕刻到当代雕塑)”可

65、知，本句承接上文解释了女子想要拍摄花束这一行为的原因，根据后文内容可知起因是一项与花有关的活动，故D选项“最近这股热潮的起因是从花束到艺术，这是旧金山德杨博物馆最受欢迎的年度活动之一。”符合语境，故选D。68. 根据上文“Its amazing and also extremely Instagrammable, to the point that it has become a problem.( 这很神奇，也非常适合在instagram上分享，以至于这已经成为了一个问题)”以及后文“Institutions of fine art around the world face similar

66、 problems as the desire to take photographs becomes a huge draw for museums as well as something that upsets some of their sponsors.(世界各地的艺术机构都面临着类似的问题，渴望去博物馆拍照成为了博物馆的巨大吸引力，同时也让一些赞助商感到不安)”可知，本段主要是在说明这一活动给博物馆或是艺术机构带来的问题，故C选项“近年来，德扬博物馆收到了上千条投诉，人们认为手机破坏了他们的展览体验”符合语境，故选C。69. 根据后文“Linda Butler, the de Yo

67、ungs head of marketing, communications and visitor experience, acknowledges that not everyone wants a museum to be a selfie playland. (德扬博物馆的市场营销、沟通和游客体验主管琳达巴特勒承认，并非所有人都希望博物馆成为自拍乐园)”可知，后文提到了德扬博物馆的主管对此的看法，说明本段主要是从博物馆经营者的角度来说明对这一问题的看法。F选项中the professionals running museums对应后文中Linda Butler, the de Youn

68、gs head of marketing。故F选项“但对于经营博物馆的专业人士来说，这个问题很复杂”符合语境，故选F。70. 根据后文“On this visit to the museum, most people seemed to treat the photo craze as the new normal. Many politely waited their turn and got out of other peoples shots,even as visitors bumped into each other in crowded galleries.(在这次参观博物馆的过程

69、中，大多数人似乎都将拍照热视为新常态。尽管游客们在拥挤的画廊里互相撞来撞去，但许多人还是礼貌地排队等候，避开了其他人的镜头)”可知，后文中提到的大多数人将拍照热视为新常态，且许多人还是能礼貌排队等候，说明人们还是支持手机拍照的。故A选项“如果这是一场战斗，有迹象表明，支持手机的那群人已经赢了”符合语境，故选A。高考练场题型01 主旨句题(2021年6月高考真题)Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box Each sentence can only be used once. Note

70、 that there are two sentences more than you need.A. Another popular belief is that red wine, like other drinks, may be harmful to you if consumed too much.B. Apart from that, many people believe drinking red wine is especially good for your heartC. Eggs are high in cholesterol and fat despite the fa

71、ct that they are a nutritious source of energyD. There are many other myths common is our society about food and health.E. This is because the body can deal with the extra cholesterol by reducing the amount it producesF. With such a steady stream of information, its understandable that a few popular

72、 myths about food and health are floating around.Food & Health MythsEvery day there is new information about food and health products. Newspapers regularly have articles that discuss how certain foods or drinks are good or bad for you, Some television shows often deal with new stories about how cons

73、uming certain substances can affect your body 67 One myth about food and health is that eggs are bad for your heart. Although they are indeed high in cholesterol (胆固醇) and fat, its not true that eating eggs every day will damage your heart. 68 As far as fat goes, its the yellow part of the egg that

74、contains all the fat. So if youre worried about the fat content of eggs, go ahead and just eat the whites. You might also choose to buy certain kinds of eggs that have less fat content depending on the diet of the animal. Check your local supermarket for more information. 69 Although it was once tho

75、ught to have unique properties, other types of alcohol can have the same effects. A study conducted recently revealed that people who drank red wine did not live any longer than those who drank other kinds of spirits, such as beer or white wine. it seems that the alcohol itself improves an individua

76、ls health by raising the levels of good cholesterol and decreasing bad cholesterol. The alcohol also serves to increase blood flow and assist in blood clotting (凝结). 70 Consumers who are especially concerned about their health should think carefully about new information they read about or see on te

77、levision. 题型02 承上启下句题(2022年1月高考真题)Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need.A. However, this is not the case when libraries lend e-books.B. This may not be a big issue now, fo

78、r e-books are minor in publishing.C. Also, publishers assume get more profits from libraries where readers pay them more.D. Publishing contracts often dont specify whether and how much authors receive for e-books sales or for e-lending.E. Extension alone would do little if the current funds under th

79、e schemes were merely re-distributed from books to e-books.F. For this reason, authors and publishers have been talking the Government into extending the Lending Rights Schemes to e-books.Should Writers Be Paid for Their E-books Lent by Libraries?When libraries lend books to the public, authors and

80、publishers receive remuneration from the Government under the Lending Rights schemes. 67 Is this fair?This year, the government has distributed almost a $ 22 million under these Public Lending Rights and Educational Lending Rights Schemes. For each book in public library collections creators receive

81、 $ 2.1l and publishers receive $ 0.52.The amount that each claimant receives is often not very significant, with the majority of authors receiving between S 100-500 annually, Still, a previous study has revealed that this remuneration constitutes the second most important source of income for creato

82、rs from their creative work.E-books, however, are not covered by these Lending Rights schemes. 68 But e-book lending is increasing and, according to the Australian Library and Information Association, e-books are likely to reach 20% of library holdings by 2020. Also, most, if not all, self-published

83、 titles are done so in digital format only. Such self-published titles, if lent by libraries, would not qualify for any remuneration. 69 Although the Book Industry Collaborative Council made such proposal already in a report of 2013, nothing has happened of yet. One of the main reasons why e-books a

84、re not covered is that e-book lending is quite different from print book lending. In case of print books, authors and publishers are arguably losing on customers and revenues when libraries loan their books for free. Creators only receive $ 2.11 and publishers receive $ 0.52 for each book in public

85、library collections.At present, in the case of e-books, many publishers chose not to sell these books to libraries. 70 While publishers charge libraries high prices for e-books, writers complain that these amounts do not reach them. Publishing contracts often dont specify whether and how much author

86、s receive for e-books sales or for e-lending.题型03 总结、概括句题(2020年6月高考真题)Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need.A. The higher the price of film ticket is, the more popular it

87、is among youngsters.B. Imagine if you could instead pay less to see films that are not in high demand?C. One of the first cinema chains to take up this initiative is Dendy. More will follow.D. Dynamic ticket pricing relies on the quality and trend of the film, varying from one to another.E. Dynamic

88、ticket pricing gives the consumer the ability to purchase film tickets at a wider range of prices.F. Dynamic pricing benefits cinemas by optimizing the price mix for every screening of every film.Coming soon to a cinema near you? Ticket prices shaped by demandChances are that if you see just one fil

89、m this year, you probably saw it already. The period between Christmas and Australia Day is typically the busiest and most competitive in our film calendar. But even when you arrive at a ticket counter at a quieter time of year you will usually pay the same price to see a film irrespective of its po

90、pularity, quality or budget size. 67 A new smart application means this will soon be a reality for some Australian consumers. Melbourne-based start up Choovie will launch a service offering demand-based ticket pricing to filmgoers at the end of March, with over 100 screens across metropolitan and re

91、gional venues in Victoria, NSW and ACT. 68 Choovies app will allow consumers to decide, within parameters set by the cinemas, what price they pay to see a film. For example, if you dont want to pay more than $10 to see a particular title and are prepared to compromise on where and when you see it, t

92、he app will locate a suitable session for you.The emergence of apps such as Choovie is likely to shake up the film industry by fundamentally changing our experience of going to the movies.Dynamic (or demand) ticket pricing aims to change this.So how does dynamic pricing work? 69 This depends on a nu

93、mber of demand variables, such as movie life cycle, time of day, day of the week, film title, venue, size of screen, actual bookings and so on. The number of seats in each price category for every film is based on demand conditions at the time of purchase.It works by using “pricing bots”, which adju

94、st prices in real time according to rules set by the exhibitor and on the basis of information gathered about consumer preferences. Ubers “surge pricing” is one example of dynamic pricing. Airline tickets are another.The idea is that instead of offering customers a limited number of ticket categorie

95、s, the cinema sells each seat based on the individual customers willingness to pay. Patrons can choose screenings by specifying things such as the amount they are prepared to spend (say, under $10), the location of the cinema (no more than 10 km from home), the time of day (any time after 2pm) and s

96、o on. Conversely, cinemagoers should also be prepared to pay higher prices for films that are close to selling out in popular sessions. 70 It gives them the flexibility to respond to unexpected fluctuations in demand and encouraging their patrons to pre-purchase seats. And it benefits customers by s

97、implifying the process of finding cheaper cinema tickets and guaranteeing them a reserved seat.题型04 归纳推理题(2021年1月高考真题)Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need.A. So why do th

98、ese movies fail?B. The film, in contrast, failed to bring its audience along for the ride.C. Game adaptations issues seem not to be due to a lack of resources.D. But the return on investment is not encouraging, with a number failing to recoup costs.E. The potential to appeal to a devoted fan base ma

99、kes these movies an attractive prospect.F. However, a common criticism was that it was “full of boring exposition and mostly uninteresting characters”.Too Big, Too Expensive and Too Silly - Why Video Game Movies FailFilm adaptations of video games have fallen on the unsuspecting viewing public like

100、a Drop Bear. At first they look harmless enough, but they often leave viewers bruised and regretful.These movies are plentiful. 67 Yet despite big budgets and quality talent both in front of and behind the camera, most video game movies are commercial and critical failures. 68 The answer comes down

101、to a complex mix of conflicting audience demands and commercial realities. Video game movies often assume that the audience wants, or is interested in, the games legend and background. In fairness, this is out of fear that fans will criticise legend changes, alienating a key demographic. But games r

102、eveal legend progressively over tens of hours of gameplay, whereas movies have a small portion of that time. This tension risks creating boring exposition and complex story lines. For example, Warcraft details the origins of conflict between humans and ores (兽), the central conflict in the games wor

103、ld. 69 Additionally, excessive adherence to the source material extends to using silly plot device: without spending enough time establishing proper reasons for their existence. In games, the these can work due to the “unspoken but commonly understood logic of this is a video game”. In a game, peopl

104、e accept inconsistent narrative devices because they facilitate interesting interaction and are the quickest route towards allowing gamers to, say, shoot hell-monsters on Mars.The game series became increasingly complex, as the player-controlled protagonist (主角) parkoured his way through time period

105、s like Renaissance Italy and Revolutionary America. The incredibility of the narrative world paled beside the fun of vaulting from rooftop to rooftop in15th-century Florence. 70 The plot-an original story which retains the key elements of the games-was criticized as “scattered and fractured”, “hasti

106、ly explained” and “disorienting”. Vanity Fair pointed out that “its not clear why any of this is happening” and Roger Ebert. com summed it up as: Characters talking in quiet whispers about the complex methods they use to realize their poorly-hidden agendas.名校模拟(1)(2023上上海高三复旦附中校考期中)Could a New Batte

107、ry Solve Our Energy Problem?Researchers in the US have made headlines worldwide by developing a new type of battery that charges far faster and holds way more charge than todays lithium cells (锂电池). Its not just a terrific technology story, either. The team behind it is led by tech legend Prof John

108、Goodenough of the University of Texas, Austinthe co-inventor of the original lithium-ion battery, and still doing brilliant work at the age of 94. 1 Thats why were still using 21st-Century gadgetry with one eye on battery, wondering if we can get to a charger before our device goes completely dead.T

109、his depressing state of affairs is more than simply inconvenient. If were to make the most of renewable energy, we need ways of coping with those times when the wind drops or theres no sunshine. 2 Elon Musk, the billionaire boss of electric car company Tesla, certainly thinks so. Hes already created

110、 a 20 megawatt battery farm in California, and is willing to put his money where his batteries are. 3 For example, one wind farm in Hawaii had three fires in its battery farm within a year of opening.But now Goodenough and his team may have found the answer, by switching from lithium to sodium (钠).T

111、he lithium batteries that made Goodenoughs reputation contain a liquid electrolyte (电解质) which doesnt respond well to rapid charging. One of Goodenoughs colleagues, Maria Braga, decided that the answer lay in switching to solid electrolytes. The team has now managed to get a solid glass electrolyte

112、to work with sodium, which is similar to lithium but far more common. 4 The battery has triple the charge of its lithium equivalent, it charges in minutes rather than hours, and it has a longer lifespan.Advances in energy storage are vital if renewable are going to reach their potential. The boundle

113、ss energy of Goodenoughthe Li-ion King himselfmay just have found the solution just in time.A. Batteries that store energy for those times is one pretty obvious solution.B. No one seriously questions the need for wind and solar power to be part of global energy strategy.C. The result is transformati

114、onal.D. Yet not everyone is convinced current battery technology is up to the job.E. While computing power famously doubles every two years, battery performance has barely doubled in 20.F. Commercialisation may take a decade, though it could happen faster.(2)(2023上上海高三上海交大附中校考期中)Nobel economics priz

115、e goes to professor for research on the workplace gender gapThe Nobel economics prize was awarded Monday to Harvard University professor Claudia Goldin for research that has advanced the understanding of the gender gap in the labor market. 1 Goldin is just the third woman to win the prize out of 93

116、economics laureates.Claudia Goldin has studied 200 years of womens participation in the workplace, showing that despite continued economic growth, womens pay did not continuously catch up to mens and a divide still exists despite women gaining higher levels of education than men.“ 2 But when I look

117、at the numbers, I think something has happened in America, that we, in the 1990s, our labor force participation rate for women was the highest in the world, and now it isnt the highest in the world,” Goldin told The Associated Press. “We have to step back and ask questions about piecing together the

118、 family, the home, together with the marketplace and employment,” she said.Goldins research does not offer solutions, but it allows policymakers to tackle the entrenched problem, said economist Randi Hjalmarsson, a member of the Nobel committee. “ 3 And therefore, there is no single policy,” Hjalmar

119、sson said. “Its a complicated policy question because if you dont know the underlying reason, a certain policy wont work.” However, “by finally understanding the problem and calling it by the right name, we will be able to pave a better route forward,” Hjalmarsson said.Goldin said that what happens

120、in peoples homes reflects what happens in the workplace, with women often taking jobs that allow them to be on call at home work that often pays less. “Ways in which we can even things out or to create more couple equity also leads to more gender equality,” she said.Goldin had to become a data “dete

121、ctive” as she sought to fill in missing data for her research. 4 “So how did Claudia Goldin overcome this missing data challenge? She had to be a detective to dig through the archives to find novel data sources and creative ways to use them to measure these unknowns,” Hjalmarsson added.A. She explai

122、ns the source of the gap, and how its changed over time and how it varies with the stage of development.B. The Nobel committee credits Goldin with finding missing data to better explain continuing differences between both the pay and work involvement, or participation, of men and women.C. Ive always

123、 been an optimist.D. I looked at women whose jobs went uncounted, such as those who worked on farms alongside their husbands or made clothing at home.E. The announcement went a tiny step to closing the Nobel committees own gender gap.F. For parts of history, systematic labor market records did not e

124、xist, and, if they did, information about women was missing.(3)(2023上上海高三上海中学校考期中) E-sports: the worlds biggest performance youve never heard ofWhoever said youre wasting your life away playing video games obviously had no idea how big e-sports were going to get. E-sports has become huge business ov

125、er the past five years, with professional video gaming tournaments offering more prize money than some of sports biggest events. 1 The League of Legends championship last year was watched by more than 27 million people when broadcast on ESPN, eclipsing the audiences for last years baseball World Ser

126、ies (23.5 million viewers) and NBA Finals (18 million). With big popularity and big money involved these days, more and more people across the world are considering professional gaming as a genuine career. While some gamers have been making a living off their skills since the late 1990s, it wasnt un

127、til 2010s Star-craft II that things really changed. One of the first games built with e-sports squarely as its focus, Star-craft Ii became a true spectator sport. 2 “We knew we were building an e-sport and the competitive nature combined with streaming coming into its own really helped catch viewers

128、hip in Europe and North America.” the games executive producer Chris Sigaty told an Australian news agency. 3 In Australia, the biggest challenge is basic facilities. Countries like South Korea and the USA have high-speed broadband that allows competitors to play and practice without the limitations

129、 of Australias relatively slow connection speeds. As more money is brought into the sport, its hoped traditional media companies and sponsors will invest money to help bring world class facilities to Australias shores. But even if that does happen - will e-sports be able to truly claim it is a “spor

130、t”?Fans argue that e-sports have all the excitement, skill and competition of a basketball game. On top of that, e-sports have teams, star players, sponsors and millions of dedicated fans across the world. 4 But e-sports cannot escape the argument that it lacks the athletic aspects of other professi

131、onal sports.A. Mr Sigaty was also the first to admit there was lots of work to be done to ensure the sport continued to grow.B. The popularity of e-sports is surprising.C. Organized competitive gaming has become a billion-dollar industry.D. Even the US government grants professional athlete visas to

132、 top e-sports players.E. E-sports doesnt fit neatly into any of the existing definitions of a sport.F. With the launch of video streaming services, e-sports became the mainstream.(4)(2023上上海高三同济大学第一附属中学校考阶段练习)Fear is good; in emergencies, it enables us to fight or flee. But often we get scared at th

133、e wrong time - when we step onto the field for a big soccer game or up to the microphone at a large town meeting. Professional athletes and actors say some nervousness help them concentrate better. But, when performance anxiety is too powerful, it undermines our efforts; a violinist cannot find the

134、correct notes, a manager in a meeting forgets all the talking points. 1 The human anxiety reaction begins almost automatically and includes clear physiological symptoms; a racing heart, sweating, stomach pains. Some people have trouble breathing or feel faint. Thus alarmed, victims may withdraw into

135、 themselves or shock others around them with aggressive outbursts. If the need to perform is a regular requirement, they may suffer from nightmares or fall into depression. 2 Studies reveal that anxiety-plagued executives are less able to apply logical intelligence on standard tests than calmer coll

136、eagues 3 Yet psychologist Douglas H. Powell of Harvard Medical School is convinced that severe stage fright is a phenomenon unto itself, given that it appears in only certain well-defined situations. Sociophobes (社恐的人) , in contrast, suffer merely when others are present. Whereas people with social

137、phobias fear the negative feelings of others, those with performance anxiety are their own harshest critics. They are perfectionists and would rather cancel an appearance or avoid it than not meet their own standards and, by extension, not be able to demonstrate how good they are. This destructive s

138、tyle of thinking often arises from a lack of self-esteem. 4 Previous bad experiences can be a trigger an embarrassing experience in a school play or a single failed test can sometimes arouse such strong feelings of shame in youngsters that as adults they will avoid any remotely similar undertaking.A

139、. Some therapists utilize techniques that act against the physical symptoms of fear.B. Survival may not hang in the balance, but social, professional or financial success can seem to be in grave danger.C. All these symptoms eat away at the very resources needed to rise to the occasion: steady hands,

140、 clear memory and a cool head. D. The individual begins by imagining failure, works himself or herself into a state and then criticizes his or her own abilities.E. At Harvard, Powell found that facing anxiety can be a hard task, but many times the fear arises from completely controllable preconditio

141、ns.F. Because performance anxiety arises when other people are present, many psychologists believe that the condition is a sub-category of social anxiety.(5)(2023上上海高三上海市行知中学校考期中)Too Big, Too Expensive and Too Silly Why Video Game Movies FailFilm adaptations of video games have fallen on the unsuspe

142、cting viewing public like a Drop Bear. At first they look harmless enough, but they often leave viewers bruised and regretful.These movies are plentiful. 1 Yet despite big budgets and quality talent both in front of and behind the camera, most video game movies are commercial and critical failures.

143、2 The answer comes down to a complex mix of conflicting audience demands and commercial realities. Video game movies often assume that the audience wants, or is interested in, the games legend and background. In fairness, this is out of fear that fans will? Criticise legend changes, alienating a key

144、 demographic. But games reveal legend progressively over tens of hours of gameplay, whereas movies have a small portion of that time. This tension risks creating boring exposition and complex story lines. For example, Warcraft details the origins of conflict between humans and orcs (兽), the central

145、conflict in the games world. 3 Additionally, excessive adherence to the source material extends to using silly plot devices without spending enough time establishing proper reasons for their existence. In games, these can work due to the “unspoken but commonly understood logic of this is a video gam

146、e”. In a game, people accept inconsistent narrative devices because they facilitate interesting interaction and are the quickest route towards allowing gamers to, say, shoot hell-monsters on Mars.The game series became increasingly complex , as the player-controlled protagonist (主角) parkoured his wa

147、y through time periods like Renaissance Italy and Revolutionary America. The incredibility of the narrative world paled beside the fun of vaulting from rooftop to rooftop in15th-century Florence. 4 The plot an original story which retains the key elements of the games was criticized as “scattered an

148、d fractured”, “hastily explained” and “disorienting”. Vanity Fair pointed out that. Its not clear why any of this is happening and RogerE summed it up as: Characters talking in quiet whispers about the complex methods they use to realize their poorly-hidden agendas.A. So why do these movies fail?B.

149、The film, in contrast, failed to bring its audience along for the ride.C. Game adaptations issues seem not to be due to a lack of resources.D. But the return on investment is not encouraging, with a number failing to recoup costs.E. The potential to appeal to a devoted fan base makes these movies an attractive prospect.F. However, a common criticism was that it was full of boring exposition and mostly uninteresting characters.