专题44 疾病-备战2022高考英语阅读理解热点话题 体裁分类训练(高考模拟 名校真题).docx

1、备战2022高考英语阅读理解热点话题+体裁分类训练(高考模拟+名校真题)专题44 疾病Passage 1（2022广东汕头一模）When Zhu Caiping, 73, was diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment three years ago, she found that anxiety, depression and even looking down on herself became normal in her life. It was not until last year, after she participated in a r

2、eality show and became a restaurant server, that her situation began to improve dramatically.The restaurant in Shanghai where she works is the Forget Me Not Cafe. It shares the goal of providing job opportunities for elderly people who have Alzheimers disease or other cognitive impairments.“I provid

3、e basic services for guests, such as pouring water, serving and taking orders. I can now remember all the dishes on the menu,” said Zhu, who has come to the restaurant three times a week since February and works three hours a day. “The colleagues take good care of us. The never allow us to deliver h

4、ot dishes such as soups. The guests are also very tolerant of us, because sometimes we make mistakes.”Because of memory loss, Zhu writes down all the information she wants to remember on sticky notes, such as the names of the volunteers and teacher as well as English words.“People with cognitive imp

5、airment actually refuse and fear to communicate with society but this will worsen their condition.” She added, “With the deterioration (退化) of brain function, they may gradually lose memory and the ability to take care of themselves and might even see the loss of emotions.” In addition to the job op

6、portunities for the elderly, information about cognitive impairment and Alzheimers disease is posted on a board outside the restaurant to help people recognize symptoms and seek treatment as soon as possible.As China faces an aging population, the increasing number of seniors with cognitive impairme

7、nt has become a significant social issue. “We should feel lucky that the whole of society is concerned about the seniors, especially for people like us. The neighborhood committee always checks on our situation and watches for other elderly people with symptoms.” Zhu said.1What can we know about Zhu

8、 Caiping?AShe always made mistakes at work.BShe made efforts to be equal to the job.CShe was a full-time restaurant server in a Shanghai caf.DShe was one of those suffering from severe cognitive impairment.2How might people with cognitive impairment feel?AForgetful and upset.BAnxious but lucky.CTole

9、rant and careful.DIndifferent but energetic.3Why is information about cognitive impairment posted outside the restaurant?ATo provide treatment for the sick.BTo seek approval from the citizens.CTo offer the elderly job opportunities.DTo equip people with relevant knowledge.4In which section of a news

10、paper the passage most likely be found?AHealth.BSociety.CCulture.DBusiness.Passage 2（2022广东梅州一模）A research team led by Chunshui Yu and Mulin Jun Li of Tianjin Medical University has discovered two new genes potentially involved in Alzheimers disease. They identified them by exploring which genes wer

11、e turned on and off in the hippocampus of people who suffered from the disease. The teams new findings are published on February 25th in PLOS Genetics. Alzheimers disease is a type of brain disorder that causes problems with memory, thinking and behavior. This is a gradually progressive condition. T

12、he hippocampus, part of the brain involved in memory, is one of the first regions to sustain damage. To better understand which genes contribute to the progression of this heritable disease, the researchers identified genes expressed at higher or lower levels in the hippocampus of people with Alzhei

13、mers disease compared to healthy brains. They identified 24 Alzheimers-related genes that appear to have an effect through the hippocampus, using previous genomic and hippocampus gene expression data. Many genes were already known to contribute to the disease, such as APOE, but two were unknown, PTP

14、N9 and PCDHA4. Additionally, several are involved in biological process related to Alzheimers disease, such as cell death. The research team further validated their findings by comparing gene expression for the two dozen genes to images of the individuals brains. In Alzheimers disease, damage and lo

15、ss of neurons causes the hippocampus to decrease, which can be measured through medical imaging. The researchers established that expression of two of the genes is related to the size of the hippocampus of Alzheimers disease.Overall, the new findings improve our understanding of the genetic and cell

16、ular mechanisms that cause Alzheimers disease. The next step will be to investigate the roles of the two novel genes and how they contribute to this harmful disease.5How did the research team find the two genes related to Alzheimers disease?ABy closing the hippocampus of people.BBy exploring the swi

17、tch state of the genes.CBy turning on and off the genes of the patient.DBy discovering genes in the hippocampus of people.6What does the underlined word “validated” mean in Paragraph 3?AReported.BConducted.CConfirmed.DExposed.7What can we infer about the size of the hippocampus in Alzheimers disease

18、.AIt comes in a smaller size.BThere is no way to measure its size.CIt results in damage and loss of neurons.DIt helps to identify Alzheimers disease.8What is the main idea of this passage?AIt is vital to continue the study of Alzheimers disease.BThe cause of Alzheimers disease has been found.CThe Al

19、zheimers disease will be cured soon by the research team.DTwo novel genes likely linked to Alzheimers disease have been discovered.Passage 3（2022湖南省祁阳县第一中学二模）Artificial intelligence (AI) might be able to spot the next virus to jump from animals to humans, Scottish researchers report.Identifying dise

20、ases before they become a threat to humans is challenging, because only a few of the nearly 2 million animal viruses can infect humans. By developing machine learning models, researchers can analyze genetic patterns of viruses that might infect people. “Our findings show that the zoonotic (动物传染人的) p

21、otential of viruses can be inferred to a surprisingly large extent from their genome sequence (基因组序列).” the researchers at the University of Glasgow reported. “By highlighting viruses with the greatest potential to become zoonotic, genome-based ranking allows further ecological and virological chara

22、cterization to be targeted more effectively.”The researchers said the models are only a first step in identifying animal viruses with the potential to infect humans, however. Viruses flagged by the models will need laboratory test confirmation before researchers pursue funding for further study. Alt

23、hough these models may predict if viruses might infect humans, thats only one part of the broader risk. Zoonotic risk is also influenced by how destructive a virus is in humans, as well as its ability to transmit between people, and ecological conditions at the time of human exposure.The findings we

24、re published online in the journal PLoS Biology. Co-author Simon Babayan saidthese findingsadd important information to that collected from genetic sequencing of viruses using AI techniques. “The more viruses are characterized, the more effective our machine learning models will become at identifyin

25、g the rare viruses that ought to be closely monitored and prioritized for vaccine development.” Babayan added.9What is the significance of genome-based ranking?ATo identify viruses which have threatened humans.BTo discover human viruses that can infect animals.CTo highlight viruses with the slightes

26、t chances to become zoonotic.DTo target ecological and virological characterization more effectively.10What can be inferred from the third paragraph?AThe fund for further study has been put in place.BThere is still a long way to go for AI models to function ideally.CViruses flagged by the models hav

27、e been confirmed by researchers.DViruses transmission ability is the most influential factor for zoonotic risk.11What is Simon Bybayans attitude towards the findings?APositive.BAmbiguous.CIndifferent.DDoubtful.12What is the best title for this text?AAI Models Spot Various Viruses in Nature.BAI Model

28、s Monitor Vaccine Development.CAI Models Predict Potential Zoonotic Viruses.DAI Models Cure Potential Zoonotic Diseases.Passage 4（2022安徽淮南一模）Its increasingly becoming clear that depression and insomnia(失眠)are often linked as interrelated disorders, and that they are often related in a variety of way

29、s. In fact, some scientists have gone so far as to suggest that medical practitioners should be wary of diagnosing depression without evidence of sleep complaints by the individual. According to a study from Harvard Health, as many as 75% of individuals with depression suffered from insomnia while 6

30、9% of people with insomnia also struggled with depression later on, suggesting that the two disorders often go hand in hand. Issues with sleep due to depression can happen in various ways, including changes to sleep regulation processes or side effects of prescription medicine. This, in turn, may wo

31、rsen symptoms of depression, but experts note that depressive disorders without insomnia or other sleep disorders are increasingly rare. Both depression and insomnia are common disorders that cause people some disturbance worldwide. When dealing with either of these issues, the person can have diffi

32、culty maintaining a good quality of life. Scientists estimate that 40% of Americans will struggle with insomnia at one point in their life, while an estimated 17.3 million U.S. adults will deal with the symptoms of a major depression episode at least once per year. But the good news is that treating

33、 one condition may improve symptoms of both. “You dont need to rush off to see a specialist; but there are other things we can do to take care of ourselves.” says Dr. Chisholm. “Physical exercise is very important for good sleep and protective against depression, as are healthy eating habits and sta

34、ying off alcohol. Make sure you stay active and go back to the things that interest you and give you pleasure. Opening up to a trusted friend about your struggles with insomnia or a depressed mood may also help. And sleeping pills should be taken only for a short time, if at all, because you may dev

35、elop a dependence. Plus, the medicine wont address underlying causes of your insomnia.”13What does the underlined word “wary” in paragraph I probably mean?ACautious.BConfident.CAware.Dskeptical.14Whats the authors purpose of writing the second paragraph?ATo support a point.BTo analyse a study.CTo re

36、lease statistics.DTo report details.15What is expected of those with insomnia or depression according to Dr. Chisholm?AAvoiding seeing a specialist.BReaching out to a true friend.CSticking to dieting and exercising.DReturning to old ways of relaxation.16What can be inferred from the passage?AMost Am

37、ericans suffer from cither insomnia or depression.BSleeping pills arent advised to be prescribed.CDepression rarely disturbs sleep regulation processes.DLong-term use of sleeping pills may result in addiction.Passage 5（2022重庆西南大学附中一模）At some point in our lives, we all snore. A cold or allergy can bl

38、ock nasal passages, a few drinks too close to bed will automatically relax tongue, palate and throat musclesand therefore we know that were unconsciously forcing air past those soft tissues, causing vibrations that escape as a snore.“Snoring can be normal and not something to worry about,” said slee

39、p specialist Rebecca Robbins, an instructor in the division of sleep medicine for Harvard Medical School. But snoring can also be a key sign of obstructive sleep apnea (阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停), a serious sleep disorder in which people actually stop breathing for 10 seconds or more at a time. “When its loud snori

40、ng, or its interrupted by pauses in breathing, thats where we start to get concerned,” Robbins said.Its estimated that at least 25 million Americans and 936 people worldwide may suffer from obstructive sleep apnea, with many more undiagnosed. Its called “obstructive sleep apnea” because unlike centr

41、al sleep apnea in which the brain occasionally skips telling the body to breathe obstructive sleep apnea is due to a closure of the airways by weak, heavy or relaxed soft tissues.“Youre making the effort with your belly and your chest to try to get the air in and out, but because of the block in the

42、 upper airway, you cant. Often you arent aware of this struggle, but it can be very, very scary for anyone watching,” said sleep specialist Dr. Raj Dasgupta, an associate professor of clinical medicine at the Keck School of Medicine at the University of Southern California. If left untreated, obstru

43、ctive sleep apnea puts you at a high risk for hypertension, heart disease, type 2 diabetes or depression, even an early death, according to the American Academy of Sleep Medicine.17Whats Rebecca Robbinss attitude towards snoring?AIndifferent.BObjective.CNegative.DPositive.18According to the passage,

44、 whats the reason for obstructive sleep apnea?ABad sleeping habits.BBlocked breathing organs.CInfection from family members.DUnhealthy eating habits.19What can we infer from the passage?AMost people who have obstructive sleep apnea have been diagnosed.BMost people who have obstructive sleep apnea re

45、alize their breathing difficulties.CThere is no need to worry about any type of snoring.DObstructive sleep apnea may lead to a variety of diseases.20What will the author write about in the following paragraph of the passage?AThe dangers of obstructive sleep apnea.BThe history of American Academy of

46、Sleep Medicine.CThe importance for people to realize the existence of obstructive sleep apnea.DThe scientific methods for treating obstructive sleep apnea.Passage 6（2021四川石室中学模拟预测）In autumn of 1975, two mothers in Lyme, Connecticut, were desperate for answers their doctors could not provide. Their f

47、amilies and others in the Lyme area were suffering from a mysterious illness. Two doctors from Yale, Allan Steere and Stephen Malawista, began an investigation that would result in a groundbreaking medical discovery. The doctors began by conducting individual examinations of each patient. They found

48、 patients of all ages were suffering from a set of symptoms rarely observed together. Blood samples revealed no virus that offered a clue about the cause. However, they found fruitful information in their interviews with patients: one quarter of them recalled a skin rash (皮疹) with a bulls-eye patter

49、n about four weeks before other symptoms arose. Armed with this new clue, the Department of Health worked with the Yale doctors, conducting surveys to learn where the disease was most widely seen. It seemed that the majority of patients lived in heavily wooded areas, who spent a good deal of time ou

50、tdoors, gardening, landscaping, or playing. The symptoms were nearly always experienced for the first time during summer. Crucially, some recalled having been bitten by a tick (蜱, 壁虱), which feeds mostly on the blood of mammals and birds. By 1977, investigators confirmed that the deer tick was respo

51、nsible. In 1982, a scientist named Willy Burgdorfer discovered a specific type of bacteria, carried by the deer tick, which was causing the disease. Scientists concluded that the bacteria passed from wildlife to ticks to humans. All lived closely among one another in the area. How could a disease fr

52、om a common parasite (寄生虫) spring up so suddenly? Many areas of the northeast, including Lyme, were once farmland. Gradually, the farmland was replanted with trees, then neighborhoods pushed deeper into the habitat of deer ticks and, more importantly, the wildlife they fed upon. As humans encountere

53、d more ticks, they became more likely to contract the disease. One of the remaining mysteries about Lyme disease is where and when it truly began. This puzzle may never be solved. Today, Lyme diseaseif caught earlyis easily treated with antibiotics, thanks to the hard work of many scientists, doctor

54、s, and patients.21Which of the following method helped Dr. Steere and Dr. Malawista most?ACarrying out a field survey.BConducting patient interviews.COffering patients blood samples.DSeparating patients into age groups.22From the passage，we can conclude that _.Apatients memory of tick bites was vita

55、l to the medical discoveryBLyme disease spread because deer ticks and humans both fed on deerCone quarter of the patients got a skin rash after some symptoms had aroseDLyme disease is less common now because people spend less time outdoors23What does the underlined word phrase “spring up in Paragrap

56、h 5 probably mean?AWorsen.BReturn.CAppear.DDecrease.24What is the best title for the passage?AA Scientific StudyBA Medical MysteryCAn Effective TreatmentDAn Unsolved PuzzlePassage 7（2022浙江模拟预测）As people panicked upon empty supermarket shelves in the early days of the pandemic, there was renewed atte

57、ntion to farmworkers critical role in our society. But the labor conditions that farmworkers endure have further worsened since then, and many of these essential workers have had their lives endangered by a devastating combination of the COVID-19 and mental-health challenges.A dairy farmworker in Ve

58、rmont, who told us that his mental state was fraying, recalled spending 12 hours milking cows only to later have to dump gallons of that milk because the farm didnt have a buyer. Its hard to imagine the cruel reality of being forced to get rid of perfectly good milk while struggling to provide your

59、own family with much-needed food and money due to shortened work hours throughout the pandemic. His story is heartbreaking and unthinkable but all too common.Farmworkers have always faced trauma, anxiety and stress from their jobs. They and their families have historically struggled with substandard

60、, overcrowded living and working conditions, exposure to harmful pesticides, risk of serious injuries, poor access to health care and poverty-level wages. According to data from the most recent National Agricultural Worker Survey, 33% of farmworkers earn incomes well below the poverty line.And throu

61、gh these enduring injustices, they have also been harmed by the pandemic and left out of federal COVID-19 relief programs. Researchers have estimated that hundreds of thousands of farmers and farmworkers in the U.S. have contracted the virus and more than 10,000 have died. Efforts to organize farmwo

62、rkers to fight for better conditions have been hindered by COVID-19, as it has sharply limited survivors access to help.No lesson from the pandemic is clearer than that our physical and mental health are closely linked and equally important. The stressors and mental health issues farmworkers face mu

63、st be considered occupational health issues. The path forward is to create programs and opportunities for workers to receive mental-health support and treatment as it relates to workplace stressors, prioritizing essential workers like farmworkers and low-wage workers.25According to the first paragra

64、ph, what has put farmworkers lives in danger?APeople not paying enough attention to their work.BShortages of foods and necessities in the supermarkets.CA combination of physical threats and mental problems.DThe worsening working conditions they have to endure.26Why does the author mention the dairy

65、farmworkers story?ATo introduce the working process of dairy farmworkers.BTo present the mental pressure farmworkers are experiencing.CTo show the gloomy prospect of the milk industry.DTo accuse employers of cruelty and indifference.27Which of the following is closest to the meaning of the underline

66、d word in para. 4?APromotedBEasedCStoppedDOrganized28What conclusion can be drawn according to the last paragraph?ACompared to physical health, mental health should be prioritized.BPhysical and psychological health should be treated separately.CFarmworkers mental problems should be related to their

67、work.DEssential workers should receive better support and treatment.Passage 8（2021上海模拟预测）Long-winded speech could be an early sign of Alzheimers disease, according to research that suggests slight changes in speech style occur years before the more serious mental decline takes hold.Speaking at the A

68、merican Association for the Advancement of Science in Boston, Janet Cohen Sherman,clinical director of the Psychology Assessment Center at Massachusetts General Hospital, listed new findings that revealed distinctive language problems in people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).“Many of the studi

69、es so far have looked at changes in memory, but we also know changes occur in language”, she said.Sherman cites studies of the vocabulary in Iris Murdochs later works, which showed signs of Alzheimers years before her diagnosis. Another study, based on White House press conference transcripts, found

70、 striking changes in Ronald Reagans speech over the course of his presidency, while George HW Bush, who was a similar age when president, showed no such decline.“Ronald Reagan started to have a decline in the number of unique words with repetitions of statements over time,” said Sherman. “He started

71、 using more fillers, more empty phrases, like thing, or something or things like basically or actually or well.”Sherman and her colleagues had initially set out to test the “regression hypothesis”, the idea that language is lost in a reverse direction to how it was acquired during childhood, with lo

72、ng and difficult vocabulary being the first thing to go.The hypothesis turned out to be wrong, but the team did find that Alzheimers comes with characteristic language problems. In a study, the scientists compared the language abilities of 22 healthy young individuals, 24 healthy older individuals a

73、nd 22 people with MCI.When given an exercise in which they had to join up three words, for instance “pen”, “ink” and “paper”, the healthy volunteers typically joined the three in a simple sentence, while the MCI group gave more complex accounts of going to the shop and buying a pen.“The sentences th

74、ey produced were much longer, they had a hard time staying on point and I guess you could say they were much more roundabout in making their point understood, said Sherman. “ It was a very significant difference.”The prospect of an effective treatment for Alzheimers has had knockbacks the past year

75、as drugs have each been shown to make no difference to the rate of cognitive decline in trials. Between 2002 and 2012, 99.6% of drugs studies aimed at preventing, curing or improving Alzheimers symptoms were discontinued.Some believe that these failures may be, in part, because by the time Alzheimer

76、s is diagnosed, the disease has already caused irreparable damage to the brain, making it too late for treatment to help. “So we are trying to push the detection period back to the very slight, early changes in Alzheimers disease. “said Sherman.29What did Janet Cohen Sherman and her team find in the

77、ir research?AMild cognitive impairment is caused by failing language abilities in most cases.BMemory decline is a major sign of Alzheimers and should be paid attention to.CPeople with Alzheimers may show a change in speech style at an early stage.DPeople can avoid MCI by making long-winded speech sh

78、ort and meaningful.30According to the passage, Ronald Reagan _.Amade more powerful speeches than George HW BushBrelied on empty phrases to avoid any potential conflictCused more inaccurate words in speech over time when presidentDhad a decline in the number of repetitions of statements in his later

79、life31What can be concluded from MCI groups performance in the word-joining exercise?AThey had difficulty in making clear their meaning briefly.BThey failed to tell the difference between different accounts.CThey would like to ask their audience to guess what they meant.DThey tended to think a lot b

80、efore coming up with a suitable sentence.32What can be inferred from the passage?AMost previous drugs are no longer on the market because of their side effects.BThe findings of Shermans research may lead to effective treatment of Alzheimers.CThe”regression hypothesis”proved to be partially true,espe

81、cially with MCI people.DMental decline doesnt always happen before people diagnosed with Alzheimers.参考答案：1B2B3D4A【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了患有轻度认知障碍的老人Zhu Caiping通过在餐馆服务，使得病情得到改善，文章呼吁社会关心和提供机会帮助患有认知障碍的人。1细节理解题。根据第三段“I provide basic services for guests, such as pouring water, serving and taking orders. I c

82、an now remember all the dishes on the menu(我可以为客人提供基本的服务，例如：倒水，提供菜单，记下菜单上所有的菜名)”可知，她在努力去胜任这个服务员的工作。故选B。2细节理解题。根据第一段“she found that anxiety, depression and even looking down on herself became normal in her life. (她发现焦虑，沮丧，看不起自己，成为她生活的常态)”以及最后一段“We should feel lucky that the whole of society is concer

83、ned about the seniors, especially for people like us. (我们应该感到幸运，因为整个社会都在关心老年人，特别是像我们一样的人)”可知，患有认知障碍的人常会感到焦虑，但同时也感到幸运，因为有全社会的关心。故选B。3细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“In addition to the job opportunities for the elderly, information about cognitive impairment and Alzheimers disease is posted on a board outside the resta

84、urant to help people recognize symptoms and seek treatment as soon as possible. (除了为老年人提供就业机会，在饭馆外面张贴有关认知障碍和老年痴呆症的相关信息去帮助人们认识这些病的症状和尽快寻求治疗方案)”可知，张贴有关认知障碍的相关信息是为了帮助人们了解这些病的相关信息。故选D。4推理判断题。通读全文并结合第一段“When Zhu Caiping, 73, was diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment three years ago, (73岁的Zhu Caiping在3

85、年前被确诊为轻度认知障碍)”可知，本文将讲述疾病方面的话题，因此属于健康范畴。因此在报纸的健康栏目可以读到。故选A。5B6C7D8D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了研究人员发现了两个可能与阿尔茨海默病有关的新基因，介绍了他们发现这两个基因的方式、什么是阿尔茨海默病以及这一发现的重要意义。5细节理解题。根据第一段中“They identified them by exploring which genes were turned on and off in the hippocampus of people who suffered from the disease.(他们通过探索

86、患有这种疾病的人的海马体中哪些基因被打开和关闭来识别这些基因)”可知，研究小组通过探索基因的开关状态发现与阿尔茨海默病相关的两个基因的。故选B。6词句猜测题。根据画线词后文“their findings by comparing gene expression for the two dozen genes to images of the individuals brains”以及“In Alzheimers disease, damage and loss of neurons causes the hippocampus to decrease, which can be measure

87、d through medical imaging. The researchers established that expression of two of the genes is related to the size of the hippocampus of Alzheimers disease.”可知，在阿尔茨海默病中，神经元的损伤和丧失会导致海马体的减少，这可以通过医学成像来测量。研究人员证实，其中两种基因的表达与阿尔茨海默病的海马体大小有关，由此可以说明研究小组通过比较这24个基因的基因表达和个体的大脑图像，进一步证实了他们的发现，故画线词意思是“证实”。A. Reporte

88、d.报告；B. Conducted.管理；C. Confirmed.证实；D. Exposed.暴露。故选C。7推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“In Alzheimers disease, damage and loss of neurons causes the hippocampus to decrease, which can be measured through medical imaging. The researchers established that expression of two of the genes is related to the size of the hi

89、ppocampus of Alzheimers disease. (在阿尔茨海默病中，神经元的损伤和丧失会导致海马体的减少，这可以通过医学成像来测量。研究人员证实，其中两种基因的表达与阿尔茨海默病的海马体大小有关)”可推知，阿尔茨海默病中海马体的大小有助于识别老年痴呆症。故选D。8主旨大意题。根据第一段“A research team led by Chunshui Yu and Mulin Jun Li of Tianjin Medical University has discovered two new genes potentially involved in Alzheimers d

90、isease. They identified them by exploring which genes were turned on and off in the hippocampus of people who suffered from the disease. The teams new findings are published on February 25th in PLOS Genetics.(由天津医科大学的于春水和李木林领导的一个研究小组发现了两个可能与阿尔茨海默病有关的新基因。他们通过探索患有这种疾病的人的海马体中哪些基因被打开和关闭来识别这些基因。该团队的新发现发表

91、在2月25日的公共科学图书馆遗传学杂志上)”结合文章主要说明了研究人员发现了两个可能与阿尔茨海默病有关的新基因，介绍了他们发现这两个基因的方式、什么是阿尔茨海默病以及这一发现的重要意义。可知，这篇文章的主旨是两种可能与阿尔茨海默病有关的新基因已经被发现。故选D。9D10B11A12C【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章一项研究表明：人工智能（AI）可能能够发现下一个从动物身上跳到人类身上的病毒，这对病毒进行基因测序收集到的信息增添了重要信息。9细节理解题。由第二段中的“Our findings show that the zoonotic (动物传染人的) potential of virus

92、es can be inferred to a surprisingly large extent from their genome sequence (基因组序列).” the researchers at the University of Glasgow reported. “By highlighting viruses with the greatest potential to become zoonotic, genome-based ranking allows further ecological and virological characterization to be

93、 targeted more effectively.”(“我们的发现表明，从病毒的基因组序列可以在很大程度上推断出病毒的人畜共患病潜力。”格拉斯哥大学的研究人员报道。“通过强调最有可能成为人畜共患病的病毒，基于基因组的排名可以更有效地针对进一步的生态和病毒学特征。”)”可知，基于基因组的排名更有效地针对生态和病毒学特征。故选D项。10推理判断题。由第三段中的“The researchers said the models are only a first step in identifying animal viruses with the potential to infect human

94、s, however. Viruses flagged by the models will need laboratory test confirmation before researchers pursue funding for further study. (然而，研究人员表示，这些模型只是识别可能感染人类的动物病毒的第一步。在研究人员寻求进一步研究的资金之前，模型标记的病毒需要实验室测试确认)”可知，此项研究还只是第一步，需要进一步研究，说明人工智能模型要理想地发挥作用还有很长的路要走。故选B项。11推理判断题。由最后一段中的“The findings were published

95、 online in the journal PLoS Biology. Co-author Simon Babayan said these findings add important information to that collected from genetic sequencing of viruses using AI techniques. (这一发现发表在公共科学图书馆生物学杂志的网络版上。合著者Simon Babayan说，这些发现为利用人工智能技术对病毒进行基因测序收集到的信息增添了重要信息)”可知，Simon Babayan认为这些发现为利用人工智能技术对病毒进行基因

96、测序收集到的信息增添了重要信息，可得出Simon Babayan对这些发现持积极的（Positive）态度。故选A项。12主旨大意题。由第一段中的“Artificial intelligence (AI) might be able to spot the next virus to jump from animals to humans, Scottish researchers report. (苏格兰研究人员报告称，人工智能（AI）可能能够发现下一个从动物身上跳到人类身上的病毒)”和下文关于“人工智能预测潜在的人畜共患病病毒”的研究内容可知，C项“人工智能模型预测潜在的人畜共患病病毒”可

97、概括文章大意，可做标题。故选C项。13A14A15B16D【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章指出越来越多的证据表明抑郁症和失眠往往是相互关联的疾病，而且往往以各种方式相互关联。此外，也给出了一些缓解失眠或抑郁的方法。13词句猜测题。根据第一段的“Its increasingly becoming clear that depression and insomnia(失眠)are often linked as interrelated disorders, and that they are often related in a variety of ways.（越来越清楚的是，抑郁症和失眠

98、往往是相互关联的疾病，而且它们往往以各种方式相互关联）”可知，抑郁症和失眠相互关联。由此推知，划线词所在句子意为“事实上，一些科学家甚至建议，在没有个人睡眠抱怨证据的情况下，医生应该警惕诊断抑郁症”，即病人没有说自己有睡眠问题时，医生不要轻易诊断该病人患有抑郁症。因此，划线词意为“警惕的”，与cautious同义。故选A。14推理判断题。根据第二段的“According to a study from Harvard Health, as many as 75% of individuals with depression suffered from insomnia while 69% of

99、 people with insomnia also struggled with depression later on, suggesting that the two disorders often go hand in hand. （根据哈佛健康学院的一项研究，多达75%的抑郁症患者患有失眠症，而69%的失眠症患者后来也患有抑郁症，这表明这两种疾病往往是同时存在的）”和“but experts note that depressive disorders without insomnia or other sleep disorders are increasingly rare.（但

100、专家指出，没有失眠或其他睡眠障碍的抑郁症越来越罕见）”可知，第二段列举的内容都是为了说明第一段首句提出的“抑郁症和失眠往往是相互关联的疾病，而且它们往往以各种方式相互关联”。由此推知，写第二段的目的是为了支持第一段提出的观点。故选A。15细节理解题。根据最后一段“Opening up to a trusted friend about your struggles with insomnia or a depressed mood may also help.（向信任的朋友坦白你与失眠或抑郁情绪的斗争也会有所帮助）”可知，Dr. Chisholm认为向信任的朋友求助，吐露心声也有助于缓解失眠和

101、抑郁。故选B。16推理判断题。根据最后一段的“And sleeping pills should be taken only for a short time, if at all, because you may develop a dependence. Plus, the medicine wont address underlying causes of your insomnia.（安眠药只能短时间服用，如果不那样的话，因为你可能会产生依赖。此外，这种药不会解决你失眠的根本原因）”推知，长时间服用安眠药会让人上瘾。故选D。【点睛】17B18B19D20D【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文

102、。主要介绍了与打鼾有关的一种疾病的成因及其危害。17推理判断题。由第二段“Snoring can be normal and not something to worry about,” said sleep specialist Rebecca Robbins, an instructor in the division of sleep medicine for Harvard Medical School. But snoring can also be a key sign of obstructive sleep apnea (阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停), a serious sleep

103、disorder in which people actually stop breathing for 10 seconds or more at a time.（“打鼾可能是正常的，不是值得担心的，”睡眠专家丽贝卡罗宾斯说，她是哈佛医学院睡眠医学部门的讲师。但打鼾也可能是阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停的一个关键迹象。阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停是一种严重的睡眠障碍，人们确实会一次停止呼吸10秒或更长时间。）”可知，Rebecca Robbins客观的评价了打鼾。故选B项。18细节理解题。由第三段“obstructive sleep apnea is due to a closure of the airways

104、 by weak, heavy or relaxed soft tissues.”（阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停是由于虚弱、沉重或松弛的软组织关闭气道。）可知，这种现象是由于呼吸器官受阻导致的。故选B项。19推理判断题。由尾段“If left untreated, obstructive sleep apnea puts you at a high risk for hypertension, heart disease, type 2 diabetes or depression, even an early death, according to the American Academy of Sl

105、eep Medicine.”（根据美国睡眠医学会的数据，如果不及时治疗，阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停会使您面临高血压、心脏病、2型糖尿病或抑郁症的高风险，甚至早逝。）可知，这种病如果不治疗会导致许多其他的病。故选D项。20推理判断题。由尾段“If left untreated, obstructive sleep apnea puts you at a high risk for hypertension, heart disease, type 2 diabetes or depression, even an early death, according to the American Academ

106、y of Sleep Medicine.”（根据美国睡眠医学会的数据，如果不及时治疗，阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停会使您面临高血压、心脏病、2型糖尿病或抑郁症的高风险，甚至早逝。）可知，尾段结尾在讨论如果不治疗的潜在危害，那么可知接下来会讨论它的治疗方法。故选D项。21B22A23C24B【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了科学家们致力于研究一种神秘的疾病莱姆病，最终找到这种疾病的来源、出现的原因及治疗方法。21细节理解题。根据第二段“However, they found fruitful information in their interviews with patients: one

107、quarter of them recalled a skin rash (皮疹) with a bulls-eye pattern about four weeks before other symptoms arose.（然而，他们在病人的采访中发现了大量有效的信息：四分之一的人回忆起一种牛眼形状的皮疹，大约在其他症状出现的四周之前）”可知，采访病人这种方法对Dr.Steere和Dr. Malawista的研究起到了极大的帮助。故选B。22细节理解题。根据第三段“Crucially, some recalled having been bitten by a tick (蜱), which

108、 feeds mostly on the blood of mammals and birds.（重要的是，一些人回忆起了被蜱咬过，这种蜱多数以哺乳动物和鸟类的血液为食）”可知，病人回忆起被蜱咬过这件事对医学发现非常重要。故选A。23词句猜测题。根据第五段内容及关键句“As humans encountered more ticks, they became more likely to contract the disease.（随着人们遇到更多的蜱，他们变得更有可能感染这种疾病）”可知，第五段在解释这种疾病是如何出现的。推测划线词所在句子意为：一种来自普通寄生虫的疾病是怎样突然出现的呢?因

109、此推测spring up意为“突然出现”。appear意为“出现”。故选C。24主旨大意题。本文主要讲述了科学家们致力于研究一种神秘的疾病莱姆病，最终找到这种疾病的来源、出现的原因及治疗方法。根据第一段的关键词“mysterious illness”和最后一段的关键词“the remaining mysteries about Lyme disease”可知，本文最合适的标题是“一个医学之谜”。故选B。25C26B27C28C【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了新冠病毒与心理问题共同危及了农业工人的生命，用一个农场工人的故事告诉读者农场工人一直面临着工作带来的创伤、焦虑和压力。25细

110、节理解题。根据第一段中“But the labor conditions that farmworkers endure have further worsened since then, and many of these essential workers have had their lives endangered by a devastating combination of the COVID-19 and mental-health challenges.(但自那时以来，农场工人所忍受的劳动条件进一步恶化，许多重要工人的生命受到新冠病毒和心理健康挑战的毁灭性组合的威胁)”可知，新

111、冠病毒与心理问题共同危及了农业工人的生命，故选C。26推理判断题。根据第二段“A dairy farmworker in Vermont, who told us that his mental state was fraying, recalled spending 12 hours milking cows only to later have to dump gallons of that milk because the farm didnt have a buyer. Its hard to imagine the cruel reality of being forced to g

112、et rid of perfectly good milk while struggling to provide your own family with much-needed food and money due to shortened work hours throughout the pandemic. His story is heartbreaking and unthinkable but all too common.(佛蒙特州的一名奶牛场工人告诉我们，他的精神状态正在崩溃，他回忆说，他花了12个小时给奶牛挤奶，但后来因为农场没有买主而不得不倒掉几加仑的牛奶。很难想象，在整

113、个大流行病期间，由于工作时间缩短，你在努力为自己的家庭提供急需的食物和金钱的同时，还被迫扔掉好的牛奶，这是多么残酷的现实。他的故事令人心碎，难以想象，但却太常见了)”可推知，作者提到这个奶农的故事是为了描述农场工人正在经历的精神压力。故选B。27词句猜测题。根据画线词后文“as it has sharply limited survivors access to help”以及上文“Efforts to organize farmworkers to fight for better conditions have been”可知，由于新冠疫情严重限制了幸存者获得帮助的机会，从而阻止了农业工人

114、改善工作条件，故画线词意思是“阻止”。A. Promoted改善；B. Eased放松；C. Stopped阻止；D. Organized组织。故选C。28推理判断题。根据最后一段“No lesson from the pandemic is clearer than that our physical and mental health are closely linked and equally important. The stressors and mental health issues farmworkers face must be considered occupational

115、 health issues. The path forward is to create programs and opportunities for workers to receive mental-health support and treatment as it relates to workplace stressors, prioritizing essential workers like farmworkers and low-wage workers. (这场大流行病的教训最清楚地表明，我们的身心健康密切相关，同样重要。农场工人面临的压力源和心理健康问题必须被视为职业健康

116、问题。未来的道路是为工人创造项目和机会，让他们获得与工作场所压力源相关的心理健康支持和治疗，优先考虑农场工人和低薪工人等基本工人)”可推知，农场工人的心理问题应该与他们的工作有关。故选C。29C30C31A32B【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。一项研究表明，啰嗦的说话可能是阿尔茨海默氏症的早期征兆。该研究表明，在更严重的智力衰退发生前数年，说话风格的轻微变化就会出现。文章主要介绍了这一研究开展的过程以及研究的重要意义。29细节理解题。根据第二段“Speaking at the American Association for the Advancement of Science in Bost

117、on, Janet Cohen Sherman, clinical director of the Psychology Assessment Center at Massachusetts General Hospital, listed new findings that revealed distinctive language problems in people with mild cognitive impairment(MCI).(在波士顿举行的美国科学促进会上，马萨诸塞州总医院心理评估中心的临床主任珍妮特科恩谢尔曼列举了一些新发现，揭示了轻度认知障碍患者的独特语言问题)”以及第

118、三段“Many of the studies so far have looked at changes in memory, but we also know changes occur in language”, she said.(她说：“到目前为止，许多研究都着眼于记忆的变化，但我们也知道语言也会发生变化。”)”可知，珍妮特科恩谢尔曼和她的团队在研究中发现阿尔茨海默氏症患者可能在早期阶段表现出讲话风格的变化。故选C。30细节理解题。根据第四段“Sherman cites studies of the vocabulary in Iris Murdochs later works, wh

119、ich showed signs of Alzheimers years before her diagnosis. Another study, based on White House press conference transcripts, found striking changes in Ronald Reagans speech over the course of his presidency, while George HW Bush, who was a similar age when president, showed no such decline.(谢尔曼引用了对艾

120、里斯默多克后期作品中词汇的研究，这些词汇在她被诊断为阿尔茨海默氏症前几年就显示出了症状。另一项基于白宫新闻发布会文字记录的研究发现，罗纳德里根在任期内的演讲水平出现了惊人的变化，而与他年龄相仿的老布什的演讲水平则没有出现这种下降)”可知，Ronald Reagan在担任总统期间在演讲中使用了更多不准确的词汇。故选C。31细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“The sentences they produced were much longer, they had a hard time staying on point and I guess you could say they were much

121、more roundabout in making their point understood, said Sherman. “ It was a very significant difference.”(谢尔曼说：“他们说的句子要长得多，很难抓住要点，我猜你会说，他们在表达自己的观点时更加迂回曲折。这是一个非常显著的差异。”)”可知，从MCI组在单词连词练习中的表现可知他们很难简单地说清楚他们的意思。故选A。32推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“The prospect of an effective treatment for Alzheimers has had knockbacks th

122、e past year as drugs have each been shown to make no difference to the rate of cognitive decline in trials. Between 2002 and 2012, 99.6% of drugs studies aimed at preventing, curing or improving Alzheimers symptoms were discontinued.(对阿尔茨海默氏症有效治疗的前景在过去一年遭到了打击，因为在试验中，每种药物都被证明对认知能力下降的速度没有影响。2002年至2012年期间，99.6%旨在预防、治疗或改善阿尔茨海默氏症症状的药物研究被中止)”以及最后一段中“So we are trying to push the detection period back to the very slight, early changes in Alzheimers disease. “said Sherman. (“所以我们试图将检测时间推回到阿尔茨海默病的非常微小的早期变化。”谢尔曼说)”可推知，谢尔曼的研究结果可能会导致阿尔茨海默氏症的有效治疗。故选B。