专题5.介词考点聚焦和精讲 （原卷版）.docx

1、介词和介词短语考点聚焦和精讲【中考介词和介词短语考点聚焦】1、 介词的功能；2、 常用介词的用法辨析；3、介词的固定搭配。一 介词的功能介词是一种虚词，用来表示词与词，词与句之间的关系的词。在句中不能单独作句子成分。介词可与名词或相当于名词的其它词构成介词短语。介词短语可在句中 作定语，状语，表语和宾语补足语。如：The man came down the stairs. (状) / My mother will be back in half an hour. (状)The boy over there is my friend. (定) / The woman with a flower

2、on her head is from the countryside. (定) The teacher is now with the pupils. (表) / Li Ting is from Guilin. (表) / Help yourself to some fish. (宾语补足语)二、常用介词、介词短语的用法辧祈1. 表时间的介词（1）at / in / onat表示在某个时刻或黎明、正午、黄昏、午夜前。in表示在一段时间里(如：某个世纪，季节，某年，某月，上午，下午，晚上等)（在将来时句子中则表示在一段时间之后）。on表示在具体的某一天或者某一天的某一段时间。【注意】 this

3、, that, last, next, every, yesterday, tomorrow等词用在morning, afternoon, night及星期的七个词前一律不能加介词。如：I went to Hangzhou last Sunday.1. 7:00； noon； midnight2. summer； 2013； three days； May； winter； the morning； the afternoon3. Monday； the morning of June 1st； a cold day； Monday； July 1st； Sunday morning（2）si

4、nce / after / forsince后加时间点或过去时的句子，表示“自从（过去某时）以来”。after后跟具体时刻，表示“在时刻之后”，常用于将来时；后跟时间段，多用于过去时。for后跟一段时间，表示“（持/延续）之久”。1.She has worked here 2000. 自2000年以来，她就在这里工作。2.He said that he would be here 6:00. 他说他六点钟之后会来这儿。3.We have lived in China two years. 我们已经在中国住了两年。（3）before / agoago立足于现在，表示从现在起，若干时间前；ago通

5、常与一般过去时连用，不能与完成时连用。before立足过去，表示从过去某一时刻起，若干时间以前，before通常与过去完成时连用。1.I met him three years . (距今)2.I had met him three years . (距当时) （4）during / until / before / byduring表示“在期间”。until表示“直到为止”。before表示“在之前”。by表示“到为止”。1.I enjoyed myself the summer vacation. 我在暑假期间玩得很高兴。2.I wont leave you come back. 我将不离

6、开，直到你回来。3.Wash hands dinner. 饭前要洗手。4.I will go there six. 我六点前会去那里。2. 表示地点、方位的介词（1）方位介词at / in / onat表示地点：用于指较小的地方或用于门牌号码前。in表示地点：用于指较大的地方或虽然是很小的地方，如果说话人住在那里，也可用in。商店、学校、机关等，若看作一个地点（point）用at，若看作一个场所（place）用in。on表示地点，一般指与面或线接触（在某一层楼上），意为“在上；在旁”。1.I shall wait for you the station. 2.He lives 115 Zhon

7、gshan Road. 3.He lives Shanghai. 4.I met him the post-office.5.Im now working the post-office. 6.The picture was hanging the wall. 7.New York is the Hudson River.（2）“上下”介词over / above / on / below / underover表示位置高于某物，在某物的正上方，其反义词是under；over还有“覆盖在上面”之意。如：above也表示位置高于某物，但不一定在正上方，其反义词是below。on指两个物体表面接触

8、，一个在另一个的上面。1.There is a bridge the river. 2.The cat is lying the chair.3.Theres a piece of cloth the table.4.We flew the clouds. 5.They put some flowers the teachers desk. （3）in / on / to+方位名词in表示A地在B地范围之内。to表示A地在B地范围之外，即二者之间有距离间隔。on表示A地与B地接壤、毗邻。1.Taiwan is the southeast of China.2.Beijing is the no

9、rth of China.3.Japan lies the east of China. 4.North Korea is the east of China. （4）“前后”介词in front of / in the front of / behind / beforein front of意为“在前面”，指甲物在乙物之前，两者互不包括；其反义词是behind（在的后面）。in the front of 意为“在的前部”，即甲物在乙物的内部。反义词是at the back of（在范围内的后部）。behind表示在某一位置之后。before意为“在前面”，表示位置、顺序。1.There a

10、re some flowers the house. 房子前面有些花卉。2.There is a blackboard our classroom. 我们的教室前边有一块黑板。3.Theres a pay phone the library and a swimming pool behind it. 图书馆前面有个投币式电话，后面有个游泳池。4.Spring comes summer.（5）“左右”介词on the left / right of；“旁边”介词beside / by；“对面”介词across / from。Linda sits me, just my left. 琳达坐在我旁

11、边，正好在我左边。（6）“里外”介词in / inside / into / outside / out ofin 在内部。inside在里面/到里面（强调以为界），反义词outside在外面。into到内，其反义短语为out of。1.The pen is my pencil case. 钢笔在我的铅笔盒里。2.We are asked to stay the building at work. 我们被要求待在楼里工作。3.Pour some milk the blender. 把牛奶倒入搅拌机里。（7）“之间”介词between / amongbetween仅用于二者之间，但说三者或三者以

12、上中的每两个之间的相互关系时，也用between。among用于三者或三者以上之间。1.Im sitting Tom and Alice. / The village lies three hills.2.He is the best the students. / She sings best us all.3. 方式、手段、工具等介词by / with / in / on by表示用某种方式或手段，在名词前不加冠词，若后接动词，需将动词变为动名词形式。by, in, on表交通方式：用by时，交通工具前不用任何限定词；用on或in时，交通工具前用限定词。with表示“用”某种工具，身体的某

13、一部位或器官。如：Cut the bag with the knife. 用刀子割开这个包。in+语言类名词或工具的具体类型，语言、工具前不加冠词。如：on+网络/电脑/电视/电话/收音机/大米/脚等。一般表示“通过/用/以（网络/电脑/电视/电话/收音机等）方式”。1.This pair of shoes is made hand. 这双鞋是手工做的。2.Jenny goes to school bike. 詹妮骑自行车去上学。（by bike=on a bike）3.Mr. Green goes to work car. 格林先生开车去上班。（by car=in a car）4.How a

14、mazing! The boy can write his two hands at the same time. 真神奇，这个男孩能同时用左右手写字。5.Can you spell it English? 你会用英语把它拼出来吗？6.Jim learns Chinese the radio. 吉姆通过收音机学汉语。7.The Chinese people live rice. 中国人以大米为食。8. Lucy often goes to school foot. 露西常常走路上学。4. 其他介词（1）across / through表示“通过，穿过”时的用法区别：across意为“横过，穿过

15、”，指从物体表面的一边到另一边。through意为“穿过，通过”，指从某一物体空间内通过。1.Go the bridge and you will see the cinema.2.The moon shone in the window.（2）besides / except / except for / but表示“除外”时的用法区别：besides表示“除了以外，还有”，具有附加性质，还包括在内。【注意】besides用于否定句中时，与except, but同义，可互换。如：We have no other books besides / except these. except表示“除

16、外”，具有排它性质，不包括在内。except for表示“除了”，即表示除去整体中的一部分。but意为“除了”，与except同义，except强调被排除的部分，but则强调整句的内容，常修饰否定意义的代词。1. Mr Wang, we also went to see the film.（王先生也去了）2.We all went to see the film Mr Wang.（王先生没去） 3.The composition is very good a few spelling mistakes. 4.Nobody knew it me. 5.There is nothing a car

17、d in the box.（3）on / about表示“关于”时的用法区别：on 表示学术性、论述性的“关于”。about 表示涉猎性的“关于”，指泛泛地或非正式地谈论某事，其谈论的内容也较为普通。1.It is a book birds. 那是一本论述鸟类的书。(可能是一本学术著作) 2.It is a book birds. 那是一本关于鸟类的书。(可能是一本供小孩看的故事书)（4）near / by / beside / at表示“在附近”时的用法区别：near意为“在附近”，表示相对的近，实际距离可能还很远。at意为“在旁边”，但多表示有目的的行为所处的位置，而by和beside仅表

18、位置关系。如：by意为“在近旁”，比near表示的距离近。beside意为“在旁边”，表示紧挨着。by和beside都表示靠近，实际距离不可能很远，但beside比by更具体地表示出“在旁边”之意。1.The students are sitting the desks listening to the teacher. 2.Tony was sitting at the table the window.3.Tom was sitting his grandma.4.Suzhou is Shanghai. （5）in the tree / on the tree表示“在树上”时的用法区别：i

19、n the tree 指动物或人在树上。on the tree 指果实、树叶长在树上。1.There is a bird the tree. 树上有一只鸟。2.There are many apples the apple tree. 苹果树上有许多苹果。（6）like / as表示“像一样”时的用法区别：like意为“像一样”，用于说明相似关系，实际上不是。如：as用作连词时，意为“像一样”；as用作介词时，意为“作为，以的身份”，后跟表示职业、职务的名词。如：He doesnt run so fast as I (do). 他不像我跑得那么快。1.He talked to me a fat

20、her. 他以父亲的身份跟我说话。（他是我父亲）2.He talked to me my father. 他像父亲那样跟我谈话。（他不是我父亲）（7）with / without表示伴随时的用法区别with表示伴随，意为“和一起”，用作状语。如：without表示伴随，意为“没有”，用作状语。如：1.He came in a book in his hand. 他进来了，手里拿着一本书。2.He left saying a word. 他什么也没有说就离开了。（8）under / with / in表示“在下”时的用法区别：under“在（的关怀）下”。with“在（帮助下）”。in“在（阳光

21、）下”。1.Children have grown up the Partys care.2.Dont read the sun, please.3. Jims help, I finished my maths homework quickly.（9）in / into表示“在/到里面”时的用法区别：in“在里面”，表示状态。into“往/到里面”，表示动作。1.There is a pen the pencil-case.2.I saw Jack putting a ruler her pencil-case.（10）on / onto表示“在/到上面”时的用法区别：on“在上面”，表示状

22、态。onto“往/到上面”，表示动作。1.There is a boy the horse. 2.The boy jumped the horse.（11）after / behind表示“在后面”时的用法区别：after“在之面”，指时间和顺序。behind“在后面”，表示位置。1.I came to see my uncle two weeks.2.Spring comes winter.3.Jim stopped to get the stick and fell .（12）to / towards / for表示“到/往/朝/去/向”时的用法区别：to“到，往”，强调目的地，多用于co

23、me, go, return, move等动词后。towards“朝，向”，表示方向，含有没有到达之意。for“去，往”，表示方向，多用于leave, start等动词后。1.Mr. Brown moved Paris last year.2.He walked his office.3.He asked me yesterday when I should leave Paris.（13）of/ to/ for表示“的”时的用法区别：of表示“的”，表示所属关系。to表示“的”，表示对于、通向。for表示“的”，表示用途。1.This is a map the world.2.Please

24、give me the key the door.3.I want to buy two tickets the concert.（14）of sb. / for sb.表示“对于（某人）”，时的用法区别：of sb.“对于（某人）”，用于“It is+adj.+of sb. +to do sth.”句型中，形容词为clever, kind, nice, good, polite, foolish, lazy, careful, careless, right, wrong等描述人物性格、品质特征的词，of后的人物与形容词有主表关系。for sb.“对于（某人）”，用于“It is+adj.+

25、for sb. +to do sth.”句型中，形容词为easy, important, hard, difficult, necessary, dangerous, safe, useful, pleasant, interesting, impossible等描述事物特征的词，for后的人物与形容词没有主表关系。1.Its very nice/kind to do so.2.Its too hard to finish the work in only one hour.三、介词的固定搭配介词往往同其他词类形成了固定搭配关系。熟记并掌握这种固定搭配关系，才会正确使用介词。1. 动词+介词a

26、gree with同意；arrive in/at 到达；ask for请求；base on以为根据；begin with 以开始；belong to 属于；call on号召，访问，邀请；deal (do) with 处置，对待；decide on 决定；depend on 依赖，依靠；die of (from)死于；do well in在方面做得好；drop off放下(某物）；(让某人)下车；fill with充满，装满；get to到达；give up放弃；go in for从事，致力于；hand in上交；hear from 收到的来信；hear of 听说；helpwith 帮助；l

27、augh at嘲笑；learn from向学习；leave for出发去某地；listen on 听；look at (有意识地)看；look after照顾，照看；look for寻找；look like看上去像；look about/around四下看，到处看；meet with偶尔遇见，遭遇；multiplyby 乘以；pass on 传递；pay for (sth.) 付（）钱，支付（费用）；point to指着；put on穿上；preferto 宁愿选择，更喜欢；regardas 把看作；send for派人去叫，叫人去拿；shout at大声叫喊，吼叫；smile at向微笑；s

28、peak to对说；take away拿走，带走；take down拿下，取下；take off脱下，起飞；talk to与谈话；thanks to 幸亏，由于；think about 考虑；think of考虑，关心；try on试穿(衣服，鞋等）；turn.into. 把变成；turn on (off)打开（关上）；turn up (down) 开大（关小）；wait for等候，等待；write to写信给；2. 介词+名词at all根本，全然；at home在家；at dinner在吃正餐；at first首先，at hospital 在医院；at last最后，终于；at leas

29、t 至少；at night在晚上；at noon在中午；at once立刻，马上；at school在学校；at sea在大海上；起初；at work在工作；at the age of 在岁时；at the back of 在后面；at the end of 在结尾；at the foot of 在脚下；at the meeting 在会上；at the same time 同时，然而；at the table在桌子旁；by hand用手，手工，亲手；by the end of 到结束时；by the time. 到的时候；by the way顺便说说（问问）；by bus乘公共汽车；by t

30、rain 乘火车；by spaceship乘坐宇宙飞船；day by day日复一日；in a hurry匆忙，急忙；in a low voice小声地；in a minute 一会儿；in a short while 不久； in a word总而言之，一句话；in bed 卧床；in English用英语；in fact事实上；in front of在前面；in life 一生中；in no time立刻，很快；in all总共，总计；in line成直线；in order按顺序，整齐，正常；in order to为了，以便；in public当众，公开地；in space 在空间；in

31、surprise惊奇地；in time 及时；in town在城里；in trouble处于困境；in silence不作声；in this way用这种方法；in the air 在空中；in the distance 在远处；in the street在街上；in the end最后，终于；in the day在白天；in the middle of 在中间；in the sun在阳光下；in the tree在树上；on foot步行；on ones way to在某人去的路上；on time准时，按时；of course当然（可以）；on display陈列，展览；on duty值日；

32、one by one 个接一个；on the earth在地球上；on show展出；on the left (right)在左(右)边；on the radio通过无线电广播；on top of. 在顶上；out of breath上气不接下气；out of sight消失，看不见；out of work失业；to this day直到今天；to ones surprise (joy) 使某人吃惊(高兴）的是；with a smile带着微笑3. 介词与形容词、过去分词和动词等搭配be angry at sth. 为某事生气be angry with sb. 跟某人生气；be busy wi

33、th. 忙于；be born in . 出生于；be full of. 充满；be good at 擅长；be interested in 对感兴趣；keep out of不让进入；be made of. 由制成（物理变化）；be made from. 由制成（化学变化）；be pleased with sb. 对某人感到满意；be proud of. 以为自豪（骄傲）；be satisfied with sth. 对某事感到满意；be strict with sb. 对某人严格要求；be sure of. 确信；be surprised at 对感到惊奇（诧异)；be tired of 讨厌

34、，厌烦；be used to. 习惯于；break into (in)闯入；catch up with跟上，赶上；go to school去上学；go to bed (sleep)去睡觉；go to the cinema 去看电影；have nothing to do with 与无关；look forward to盼望，期待；say hello to 向问好；take care of照顾，关心，保管；take (catch) hold of 抓住；take part in 参加；【考点拓展】1. 介词短语在句子中的位置：介词短语做状语时，如果表示时间/地点，可以放在句首或句尾，如果表示方向/

35、方式/伴随/涉及/原因/目的/比较，一般放在句尾；介词短语作表语时放在连系动词之后；介词短语作定语时，只能放在被修饰的名词之后。如：He wanted to find a good job in Shanghai the next year. (状语) The letters are for you. (表语) / Have you seen a cat with a black head and four white legs? (定语)2. 使用介词时应注意的问题（1） 时间介词的省略。在this/that/these/those/last/next/a/every/each/one/al

36、l等词构成的时间短语前，一般不用at, in, on。如：Every year travellers from abroad come to visit Pingyao. / He had a bad cold that week.I want to buy a dictionary tomorrow. / I watched a film last night. / It is fine today.在某些名词词组前，可以省略(也可不省)如：(on) that day, (in)the year before last。如：He said that he helped an old man

37、cross the street that day.（2） 介词有时会与它的宾语分离，而且宾语前置。当宾语是疑问词时。如：Who are you talking about?宾语在从句中当连接词时。如：He has a younger brother who he must take good care of.Do you know who our teacher is talking with over there?动词不定式作定语且该动词为不及物动词，后面有介词。如：I finally found a chair to sit on.题组1用适当的介词填空1.There were also

38、 differences in what people liked to do outdoors (在之中) the three countries.2.They love simple activities the busy, stressful world. 3.In his speech, he talked the importance of kindness. 4.She is happy and you can tell from the expression her face. 5.A the four great classical Chinese novels, my fav

39、ourite is Journey to the West.6.There is a low brick wall (在之间) the garden and the field beyond.7.They made each group take notes different ways.8.When I walked the room we shared, I found Claudio sitting at my bedside.9.“The states summer camp could open June,”Beth Bye,the leader of the Connecticut

40、 Office of Early Childhood, said a week ago.10.Giving concerts wasnt easy for Beth in the beginning because usually she only played drums alone in her bedroom when she came home school.11.Singapore is also an interesting city. Large numbers of people, ideas, etc. are mixed together (在下面)the same sky

41、.12.Then one day, while going out a walk, Mr Happy met Miss Beautiful.13.“Grandpa, someone is waiting you to play chess,” I went to him and said.14.The weather here is wonderful. Its warm and sunny, clear blue skies every day.15.What we can learn the old man is this:if youve lost a lot over somethin

42、g that doesnt work, let it go and move on. Its better than continuing to lose.题组2介词及介词短语辨析1.Kate felt excited to see a group of sheep walking her into a village in Qinghai.A.overB.pastC.acrossD.through2.Chinas first Mars rover, Zhurong, touched down on the Red Planet May 15, 2021.A.onB.inC.atD.to3.F

43、ootball fans are often called the “12th man” because of their influence a team.A.toB.fromC.onD.at4.Anna is taller than me. She sits me in the classroom.A.betweenB.fromC.behindD.among5.The instructions tell us everything about how to make the model ship.A.by handB.by chanceC.in detailD.in person6.Ive

44、 ordered some flowers for Grandma and they will arrive two hours.A.inB.afterC.overD.for题组3 填空题1.The gate is too small for an elephant to go t.2.Chinese are fighting (对抗) the novel coronavirus bravely.3.In a recent survey at one school, we found that (超过) two thirds of the students didnt follow a goo

45、d diet. 4.Its a good idea for teenagers to eat food (没有) much fat and oil. 5.Together they designed and did the wall painting (在期间)one school week.6.In Chinese culture, bamboo is well-known one of the “four gentlemen” in plants. 7.I am looking forward your coming. Im sure that you will fall in love

46、with Wuhan.8.Do you see? This is how plants talk. So dont touch plants fun. It may blame its neighbor.9.They will clean all parts of the house e the kitchen because someone has already cleaned it.10.Tickets are cheaper d the off season. And thats the best time to take a trip. 11.Our handwriting is g

47、ood e for some grammar mistakes.12.“There wasnt any treasure in the very first place, my son,”the father answered a smile. “But I think you have found your lifes true purpose.”13.The stone lay in the road three weeks. It was in everyones way.14.In the days after the lockdown, more than 30,000 medica

48、l workers from (在各处) the country were sent to Hubei. 15.Dont walk a the street when the traffic lights are red. 题组4 选择题1（2023青海统考中考真题）The four pandas in Chongqing Zoo were born on the same day _ 2019.AonBatCin2（2023湖北十堰统考中考真题）_ my surprise, the restaurant is a actually very nice.The service is also

49、great.AInBAtCOnDTo3（2023山东东营统考中考真题）Bees (蜜蜂) can help plants grow. _ bees, we wouldnt have enough food.AFromBLikeCExceptDWithout4（2023江苏徐州中考真题）No one helped me. I did it all _ myself.AforBofCbyDabout5（2023辽宁丹东统考中考真题）Everything begins to grow _ spring. Its full of hope.AinBonCatDfor6（2023辽宁丹东统考中考真题）_

50、 the teachers help, I have made much progress.AThanks toBAs forCSuch asDUp to7（2023江苏宿迁统考中考真题）About 12,000 people took part in the 2023 Suqian Marathon _ April 2.AatBonCinDto8（2023北京统考中考真题）Its a good idea to visit Beijing _ October.AatBonCinDto9（2023辽宁抚顺统考中考真题）The girl takes her dog for a walk _ the

51、 river every evening.AinBalongCoverDunder10（2023江苏无锡统考中考真题）A new bridge was built _ the Yellow River last year.AaroundBacrossCagainstDalong11（2023辽宁沈阳统考中考真题）Three Shenzhou XV heroes successfully came back to the Earth _ June 4, 2023.AatBonCinDuntil12（2023四川遂宁中考真题）Look! The traffic light is green. We

52、 can go _ the road now.AacrossBaboveCbelowDagainst13（2023辽宁营口中考真题）The newly-built teaching building provides the students _ a comfortable learning environment.AforBtoCwithDin14（2023黑龙江统考中考真题）The 20th National Congress of the CPC was convened (召开) _ October 16th, 2022.AonBinCby15（2023黑龙江统考中考真题）It is

53、impolite to speak loudly _.Ain dangerBin publicCin person16（2023黑龙江绥化统考中考真题） Did Alan and Lily join the art club _ June 20th, 2023?Yes, I joined it, too.AonBinCat17（2023黑龙江齐齐哈尔统考中考真题）Bills is _ all the other runners. It seems that he will be the winner.Anext toBfar fromCahead of18（2023湖南株洲统考中考真题）Chi

54、na launched (发射) Shenzhou-16 manned space ship successfully _ May 30, 2023.AatBonCin19（2023福建统考中考真题）The toy is _ my little brother. I bought it yesterday.AforBfromCby题组5 语法选择When a man was walking 1 some elephants, he suddenly stopped. He was confused that these huge animals were being held only 2 a

55、 small rope tied 3 their front legs. No chains, no cages. It was obvious that the elephants could break their bonds at any time, but 4 some reasons, they did not.He saw a trainer nearby and asked why the animals just stood there and made no attempt to get away.“Well,” the trainer said, “when they we

56、re very young and much smaller, we used the same rope to keep them 5 running away. 6 that age, it was enough to hold them. As they grow up, they get used 7 believing they cannot break the rope. They believe it can still hold them, so they never try to break free.”The man was amazed. These animals co

57、uld break free whenever they wanted, but because they believed they couldnt, they were stuck right where they were.How many of us go 8 life like the elephantsholding 9 the belief that we cannot do something simply because we failed in it once before?Failure is a part of learning. If we failed once,

58、it doesnt mean we can never succeed. We should never give up trying when we encounter failures 10 life.1.A.withB.onC.byD.to2.A.byB.forC.fromD.at3.A.inB.toC.withD.by4.A.withB.atC.aboutD.for5.A.toB.fromC.forD.of6.A.OnB.InC.AtD.For7.A.withB.inC.toD.for8.A.byB.onC.forD.through9.A.toB.intoC.withD.up10.A.

59、forB.byC.inD.to题组6.短文填空Back to my schoolI had to stay in China for more than a year because 1 the COVID-19 pandemic. Several weeks ago, I finally went back 2 my school in the UK.The school has made many rules to deal 3 the virus. For example, all students must wear masks when going to school. Boarde

60、rs (住宿生) need to have their temperature taken every morning.The rules in dining hall have changed as well. To keep students from different grades apart, we need to stay in our classroom 4 about 25 minutes first and then line up for about 30 minutes. However, some students dont follow these social di

61、stancing (社交隔离) rules and still chat with each other.Students can play sports as usual, except for sports 5 soccer, rugby and hockey that have close contact. We must also take the COVID-19 tests twice a week.Although there are still some new cases (病例)6 the UK every day, Im not that worried because my school has strict rules to deal with the pandemic. 1.2.3.4.5.6.