九年级英语上册第五单元知识点讲解Reading.docx

1、九年级英语上册第五单元知识点讲解Art worldReading重点单词1 present n.颁发;提交 present意为“颁发;提交”时是一个及物动词,常用于结构present sb. With sth.(给某人颁发某物)或present sth. to sb. (把某物颁发/提交给某人)。 e.g. The organization present him with an award. = The organization present an award to him. 那个组织给他颁发了一个奖项。 The students will present their plans lo t

2、heir teacher next week.学生们将于下周向老师提交计划。拓展(1) present还可作名词,意为“现在，目前;礼物”。当它表示“现在,日前”时，常构成短语at presenL,意为“现在，目前”,相当于now。 e.g. I cant help you at present, because Im too busy.我现在帮不了你,因为我实在太忙了。 I gave him a special present yesterday.昨天我给了他一份特别的礼物。(2)present还可作形容词,表示“现在的，且前的”时,present只能用于名词前;表示“出席的,到场的”时，p

3、resent不用于名词前,其反义词为absent(缺席的)，be present at sth.意为“出席. ,其反义短语为be absent from sth.意为“缺席. e.g. Here is my present address.这是我现在的地址。 Many people were present at the meeting. 许多人出席了这次会议。2 central adj. 中心的, 中央的 central作形容词意为“中心的，中央的”时,仅用于名词前，且没有比较级形式。 e.g. He lives in central London.他住在伦敦市中心。 拓展central作形

4、容词时还可表示最重要的;主要的”,它常用于play a central role in sth.结构，表示“.中扮演重要角色”。 e.g. Prevention also plays a central role in traditional medicine. 预防在传统医学中也起着重要作用。3 common adj.普通的,一般的,常见的 common作形容词意为“普通的时,仅用于名词前,且没有比较级形式;意为“一般的,常见的”时,其反义词为rare(稀有的,不常发生的) ,此时common常用于its common for sb. to do sth.结构,表示“对某人来说做某事很常见”

5、,注意its common 后不接that从句。e.g. Shakespeares work was popular among the common people in his day.莎士比亚的作品在他那个年代很受平民百姓的欢迎。Jackson is a common English name.杰克逊是一个常见的英文名。Its common for children to be afraid of the dark.对儿童而言怕黑是很常见的。4 control vt,控制，支配 e.g. Control your temper. Dont get angry easily. 控制你的脾气，

6、不要轻易发火。拓展control 还可作名词,意为“控制权;支配权;控制能力”,其构成的常用短语有:take control of/over sth.控制某物 full/ total control 完全控制get/go out of control失去控制 be under control 被控制,受控制5 traditional adj; 传统的 e.g. This is a traditional method of cooking turkey. 这是一种传统的烹饪火鸡的方法。拓展tradition 为可数名词,意为“传统”;traditionally为副词,意为“传统地”。 e.g.

7、 There are lots of traditions at Spring Festival in China,中国的春节期间有许多传统。 The festival is traditionally held in May.这个节日按照传统是在五月份过的。重点短语 1 show an interest in sth. 对某事物表现出兴趣 e.g. When did you first show an interest in tennis?你是什么时候开始对网球表现出兴趣的?2 get to know sb. 逐渐了解某人 e.g. Ill take a while for you to g

8、et to know everyone. 你需要一段时间才能逐渐了解每-一个人。3 be known for因. 而著名 e.g. The region is known/famous for its fine wines. 这个地区因它优质的葡萄酒而著名。4 betweenand.在.和之间 e.g. I sat down between Susan and Tom.我在苏珊和汤姆之间坐了下来。5 dividing line分界线;界限 e.g. There is no clear dividing line between what is good and what is bad.是非之间

9、没有明显的界限。6 used to do sth.过去常常做某事 e.g. He used to play football after work.他过去下班后常常踢足球。要点详解1 When he was very young, Tan showed an interest in music.当他非常小的时候,谭盾就对音乐表现出了兴趣。解析 interest 在此作可数名词，意为“兴趣”,show an interest in sth.意为对某事物表现出兴趣”。它还可构成have an interest in sth. (对某事物有兴趣)，take an interest in sth. (

10、对某事物产生兴趣) ,have no interest in sth. (对某事物没有兴趣) ,lose interest in sth. (对某事物失去兴趣)等结构。 e.g. Tom showed an interest in basketball.汤姆对篮球表现出了兴趣。 Id recommend this book to anyone who has an interest in music. 我会向对音乐有兴趣的人推荐这本书。 I took an interest had no interest/lost interest in the film.我对这部电影产生了/没有/失去了兴趣

11、。拓展interest 也可作动词,表示“使感兴趣;使关注”。 e.g. What interests me is the history of these places.使我感兴趣的是这些地方的历史。2 He loves the sounds of the rushing water and the blowing wind because, to him, the best music comes from nature.他喜欢淙淙的水声和飒飒的风声,因为对他来说，最美妙的音乐来自于大自然。解析 the rushing water意为“淙淙的流水”,the blowing wind意为飒飒

12、的风,这两个名词短语中都含有现在分词,它们在句中具有形容词的性质,均用作定语修饰名词,表示正在进行的主动动作。 e.g. I walked quietly in order not to wake my seeping father.我悄悄地走是为了不吵醒我那正在睡觉的爸爸。注意:单个的现在分词作定语时往往放在被修饰词的前面;现在分词短语作定语时往往放在被修饰词的后面,此时其作用相当于定语从句。 e.g. The room was full of people waiting for the headmaster. =The room was full of people who werewa

13、iting for the headmaster.房间里挤满了等侯校长的人。3 There he got to know great musicians from around the world.在那里他逐渐了解了来自世界各地的伟大音乐家。解析 get to know sb/sth.意为“逐渐了解某人/某事”,强调一个逐渐变化或发展的过程。 e.g. We got to know each other from then on.从那以后我们逐渐了解彼此了。 After a long time, I got to know the culture of the company.过了一段时间,我

14、逐渐了解了这家公司的文化。拓展(1)get to do sth.结构还可表示“有机会做某事”,是一种非正式的表达方式。 e.g. I got to meet all the stars after the show.演出之后我有机会见到了所有的明星。(2) get sb. /sth. to do sth.意为“让某人/某物做某事”。 e.g. He got his sister to help him with his homework.他让他姐姐帮他做作业。4 As a composer, perhaps he is best known for winning an Oscar for h

15、is music in the film Crouching Tiger ,Hidden Dragon作为一位作曲家,也许他最为人知的是为电影卧虎藏龙作曲而赢得奥斯卡大奖。解析be known for意为“因.而著名”,相当于be famous for其后常接表示人或事物某方面的特点、特长、价值等内容的名词,说明著名的原因。 e.g. This place is known/famous for its hot springs.这个地方因温泉而著名。拓展( 1) be known as意为“作为.而著名”,其后常接表示某人身份地位等的名词,相当于be famous as。 e.g .Her m

16、other is known/ famous as a model teacher.她妈妈作为一一名模范教师而著名。(2)It is known (that) 意为“众所周.。表示“众所周知”也可以用短语As is known to all,它在句中作状语,其后常用逗号与句子其他部分隔开。 e.g .It is known that smoking may cause lung disease. = As is known to all , smoking may cause lung disease,众所周知,抽烟可能导致肺癌。5 .Tan makes over 50 sounds from

17、 water by controlling the speed of water flow.盾通过控制水流的速度,创作了50多种水声。解析by doing sth.意为“通过做某事”。其中,by是介词,其后常接表示手段、方法、途径等内容的名词代词或动名词。 e.g. Ill contact you by email.我会通过发电子邮件来联系你。 He earns money by wing.他通过写作挣钱。拓展( 1)by表示方式、方法时,还可表示“乘坐”,其后接表示交通工具的名词，名词前不用任何冠词。 e.g.by bus/ plane/ ship/car乘公共汽车/飞机/船/小汽车(2)b

18、y的其他常见用法 by+地点 在.旁边 e.g.The telephone is by the window.电话在窗户旁边。 by+时间 在.之前 e.g. I have to be home by10p.m.我必须在晚上10点前回家。用于被动语态 被.由. e.g. This book was written by her.这本书是她写的。点击中考 The man makes a living teaching. (湖南省长沙市中考题) A. without B. with C.by 精析 本体题考查介词的辨析。without 意为“无;没有”;with表示使用某种工具,意为“用”;by表

19、示通过某种手段、方法或途径,意为“通过;以”。由句意“这个人靠教书谋生”可知,此题选C。答案 C6 The music for the Bejjing Olympics uses traditional Chinese music and the sounds of an ancient Chinese bell, though it is in a Western style.北京奥运会的音乐运用了传统的中国音乐和中国古钟的钟声,但是它是用一种西方风格。解析though在此作连词，意为“不过，可是,然而”,引导让步状语从句,用于主句后,引出补充说明。 e.g. Hell probably s

20、ay no, though its worth asking.他很可能会拒绝,不过问一下有益无损。拓展though作连词还可表示“虽然;尽管;即使”,引导让步状语从句,不能与连词but一起使用。 e.g. Though it is raining hard , they are still working outside.虽然雨下得很大,他们仍在外面工作。辨析though，although 与but though though与although 用法大致相同，常常可以互换使用,但, though还可作副词置于句尾，意为“可是，然而although则无此用法。 e.g. Though/ Alth

21、ough he is not rich, he is happy. =Though/ Although he is not rich, yet he is happy. = He is not rich , but he is happy.虽然他不富有,但他很快乐。Although 作从属连词,意为“虽然,尽管;但是”,常用来引导让步状语从句。它不能与but一起使用。 But 作并列连词，意为“但是”,表示转折关系。它不能与although或though一起使用。 点击中考 he is only 12 ,he often goes to the old peoples home to perf

22、orm plays for the old people as a volunteer.(湖北省十堰市中考题)A. If B. Since C. Though D. Because 精析本题考查连词的辨析。if意为“如果”;since 意为“因为;though意为“虽然,尽管”;because意为“因为”。由句意“虽然他只有12岁,但是他经常作为志愿者去养老院为老人表演戏剧”可知,此题选C。答案 C7“My music is to dream without boundaries, Tan once said.“我的音乐就是梦想无边。”谭盾曾经说。解析 动词不定式短语to dream with

23、out boundaries在句中作表语,对主语进行解释说明。 e.g. My job is to sweep the fool.我的工作是擦地板。拓展 动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，它在句中还可以作以下成分: 作主语 Its our duty to take good care of the old.照顾好老人是我们的职责。 作宾语 I want to go with you.我想和你一起去。 作宾语补足语 I told Jack to get up early ,but he wouldnt listen. 我告诉杰克让他早点起床,但他不听。 作定语 I have many th

24、ings to do.我有很多事情要做。 作状语 We got up early to watch the sunrise. 我们早起去看日出。8 When he was young，he used to make music with common objects like stones and paper. 当他很小的时候,他常常用一些普通的东西,比如石头、纸什么的,来创作音乐。解析 used to do sth.意为“过去常常敬某事”。其中, used to是一个情态动词,其后接动词原形，用于过去持续或经常发生的事，意为“曾经”,只用于过去时态。used to的否定形式通常为didnt

25、use to,它的另-一种否定形式used not to(可缩写成usednt to)是一种相当正式的用法。used to构成疑问句时常借助did,即Did sb. use to do sth.? 当used to 用于反意疑向句时，附加疑问部分通常用“didnt/ usednt +人称代词的主格?”。 e.g. She didnt use/usednt to listen to music.她过去不常听音乐。 Did you use to go to church?你以前经常去教堂吗? He used to play here , didnt/usednt he?他过去常常在这里玩是吗?辨析

26、 used to do sth.,be/ get used to(doing) sth.与be used to do sth./for ( doing) sth.used to do sth. 意为“过去常常做某事”，其中，used to是一个情态动词。e.g.I used to play the piano.我过去常常弹钢琴。be / get used to (doing) sth. 意为“习惯于(做)某事”,其中,used是形容词,意为“习惯于;适应”。e.g. I am/get used to getting up early every day.我习惯每天早起。be used to d

27、o sth. /for(doing) sth. 意为“被用来做某事”，其中,used是动词use的过去分词，意为“使用;利用”。e.g.The knife is used to cut things.= The knife is used for cuttingthings.刀被用来切东西。点击中考Her son Coke , but now he milk.(湖北省恩施市中考题)A. used to drink ; is used to drinking B. used to drinking; drinksC. is used to drinking; used to drink D. is used to drink ; is drinking精析 由句意“她的儿子过去经常喝可乐,但现在习惯于喝牛奶”可知,前一分句应用used to do sth.结构,表示“过去常常做某事”,后一分句应用be used to doing sth.结构,表示“习惯于做某事”,故此题选A。答案 A