北师大版初三英语第16讲：unit 8 语法篇（学生版）.docx

1、Unit 8语法篇_理解并掌握条件状语从句的用法条件状语从句一、条件状语从句通常由if（如果）, unless（除非），as long as（只要）引导。例如：If it rains tomorrow, we wont go to the park. 如果明天下雨，我们就不去公园了。 Unless weather stops me, I go for a walk every. 我每天都会去散步，除非遇上坏天气。 Our parents will be pleased with our performance as long as we try our best. 只要我们竭尽全力，父母就会满

2、意我们的表现。二、if引导的条件状语从句1.“if从句+祈使句”的句子。if作为一个连词，主句也可以是其他形式的句子。例如：If you want to go, please let me know. 如果你想去，请让我知道。 If the green light isnt on, wait for a minute. 如果绿灯没亮，请等一下。 2.“祈使句 + and (or)+ 陈述句”在意思上相当于一个带有条件状语从句的复合句。注意：A.“祈使句 + and + 陈述句”可以转化为if引导的肯定条件状语从句，而且主语是第二人称。B.“祈使句 + or + 陈述句”可以转化为if引导的否定

3、条件状语从句，而且主语是第二人称。Study hard and you will pass the exam. =If you study hard, you will pass the exam.努力学习你就会通过考试。Hurry up, or youll be late. =If you dont hurry up, youll be late. 快点，不然你会迟到的。三、if从句与主句具有以下特点：1. if从句中用一般现在时，表示未来的一种条件，从句中可以加时间状语。例如：If you cant come tomorrow, we can hold the party a little

4、 later.明天你如果不能来，我们可迟一点举行宴会。If it doesnt rain tomorrow, well go to the Great Wall. 明天如果不下雨，我们就去长城。2. 当if表示未来的条件时，主句中用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时，即“主将从现”。表示如果某种条件存在，就有可能/不可能发生什么事情。例如：If you dont get up early, you will be late for school. 你如果不早点起床，上学就会迟到。If I play games on it, it will go wrong. 如果我用它玩游戏，它就会坏掉。3. if

5、从句可放在主句前或主句后，从句置于主句前时，须用逗号与主句隔开，反之则不用逗号。例如：If its fine tomorrow, we can go out. 如果明天天气好，我们就能出去。She will be happy if she joins the party. 如果她参加聚会她会很开心的。Ill ask the teacher for help if I dont understand. 如果我不懂我会求助老师的。 四、if引导的条件状语从句和宾语从句的区别if可以用来引导条件状语从句也可以用来引导宾语从句，主要是要弄清楚if引导从句的时态。if在引导宾语从句时，意为“是否”，要根

6、据实际情况来确定时态；而if在引导条件状语从句时意为“如果，假设”，要用一般时代替将来时，即“主将从现”。例如：I want to know if he will come here tomorrow. 我想知道他明天是否到这儿来。(if在引导的是宾语从句，从句中有很明显的表将来的时间状语tomorrow，所以if从句要用一般将来时。)If it rains tomorrow, well put off the sports meeting. 如果明天下雨，我们就推迟运动会。(if在引导的是条件状语从句，尽管从句中也有表将来时的时间状语tomorrow，从理论上讲也应该用一般将来时，但是在if

7、引导的条件状语从句中要用一般现在时代替一般将来时，故从句谓语用rains而不用will rain. ) 【知识拓展】 在when(当.的时候), as soon as(一.就.) 引导的时间状语从句中，也用一般现在时表示将来，即“主将从现”。例如： When I finish my homework, Ill go to the cinema with you. 我完成作业就会跟你一起去电影院。 As soon as he comes back, he will call you. 他一到就会给你打电话的。1. In Chongqing, you can often see many peop

8、le dance outside together if it_in the evening. A. rains B. doesnt rain C. will rain D. wont rain2. _you use your dictionary often, your spelling will improve. A. Whether B. Though C. If D. While3. -I want to know if Maria _us in the fashion show tonight. -I believe if she_her homework, she will joi

9、n us. A. joins; finishes B. will join; finishes C. joins; will finish D. will join; will finish4. If it_, we will go hiking at Cool City Park. A. not rain B. dont rain C. wont rain D. doesnt rain5. -Do you know when he will come back tomorrow?-Sorry, I dont know. When he _back, Ill tell you. A. come

10、s B. will come C. come D. may come6. Mum says _I do my homework now, I can watch TV for an hour. A. though B. if C. because D. while7. They will lose the game _they try their best. A. unless B. once C. since D. after 8. I dont know_he will come tomorrow. _he comes, please tell me. A. whether; Whethe

11、r B. if; If C. if; Whether D. /; If基础演练一、用所给词语的适当形式填空1. Dont go out tomorrow if it_(rain).2. I dont know if he_(come) tomorrow.3. If she _(get) up late, she _(not catch) the early bus.4. He_(write) a letter to his grandparents if he_(get) his report card this week.5. If your telephone _(ring), answe

12、r it.二、在正确的答案下画线1. Daina (will go/ go/ goes) to Europe if she(will pass/ pass/ passes) the exams. 2. The graduates (will teach/ teach/ teaches) in the poor village if the Ministry of Education (will agree/ agree/ agrees) soon.3. If there(will be/ are/ is) a car accident, they (will call/ call/ calls

13、) 120 for help at once.4. If it (wont / dont / doesnt / isnt ) rainy, we (will take/ take/ take) a walk outside.5. If a UFO (will land/ land/ lands) in front of me, I (will go/ go/ goes) in to look for the alien.巩固提高一、根据中文提示完成句子1. 如果你在牛奶里加些蜂蜜，它品尝起来会非常美味。 If you _some honey to the milk, it will _very

14、 delicious.2. 如果你现在不离开，你就会错过最后一班公共汽车。 _you dont leave now, you _the last bus. 3. 这种机器是中国生产的。 This kind of machine is _China.4. 除非有医生的证明，否则你被要求参加体育测试。 Youre required to take _ in the PE test _you have a doctors note.5. 运动会因为大雨推迟了。 The sports meeting was _the heavy rain.6. 有了抗生素，许多疾病很容易被治愈。 With antib

15、iotics, many disease can _easily. 7. 科学家们对DNA了解得越来越多了。 Scientists have learned_ about DNA.8. 每个人都尽量成功完成生活中的每件事。 Everyone_anything in life.9. 养植物不仅花时间而且需要耐心。 _time _ to grow plants.10. 从那时起我下决心苦练乒乓球。 _ I _ to practice table tennis.二、将下列各句合并为含有if的条件句1. You want to record. You should press the red butt

16、on._2. Which bus should I take? I want to go to the bank._3. I will do it. I can do it. _4. I will go swimming. It wont be cold tomorrow._5. Go to bed early and you will have a good rest. _一、单项选择1. If the soil_dry, the plant _to grow. A. is; fails B. is; will fail C. will be; fails D. will be; will

17、fail2. They can cause problems if we_antibiotics correctly. A. dont use B. wont use C. use D. are using3. I _play table tennis well because I am overweight. A. cant B. didnt C. neednt D. mustnt4. - _does he feel when he sees the progresses of the plant? -Excited, I think. A. What B. How C. Where D.

18、Which5. If she _come on time tomorrow, she wont be a member of our team. A. dont B. doesnt C. isnt D. wont6. Your spoken English will certainly improve _you practice it every day. A. though B. before C. if D. until7. -Tommy, do you know if Frank _to the theatre with us this Sunday if the weather_? -

19、Sorry, I have no idea. A. will go; is fine B. goes; is fine C. will go; will be fine D. goes; will be fine8. Robots _more heavy work for us in the future. A. will do B. have done C. did D. were doing9. Talk to your teacher and you will get help _you have a problem. A. unless B. if C. until D. so10.

20、Mr. Wang has left for Guangzhou. He _a speech there in two days. A. gives B. gave C. will give D. has given 二、完形填空Last summer vacation, my brother got a set of bedroom furniture (家具) for his thirteenth birthday. When it arrived, I helped my parents moved the 1 furniture to the garage(车库). It was sti

21、ll in good condition. I thought it might be a chance for us to 2 someone in our community.I started to search neighbors, anyone who 3 a bedroom set. Finally, my mom helped me call the local elementary school. They told me about Jaila, a second grader, the daughter of a poor single mother. I was give

22、n an address and a telephone number, and I soon found my at Jailas.The moment I went into Jailas room, I knew I had taken on too big a 4 . When I pushed the old door open，it made a long high noise. But the door was nothing compared with the rest of the room. Some old paint was 5 the wall. One of the

23、 windows was broken. The bed was just a mattress (床垫）lying on the old carpet (地毯）.It seemed that the room needed more than furniture it 6 for a complete makeover.That day I spent at least an hour looking around and wondering how I could possibly 7 the room. I had never painted a wall, let alone reca

24、rpeted a floor. The second day, I returned with a large group of 8 my Girl Scout troop. We went to collect everything needed door to door in our community. We replaced, repainted, and redecorated Jailas room. We sweated in Jaila s house for more than ten hours every day that week.The moment we finis

25、hed, we called Juila into the room. She jumped, laughed and hugged each of us. I turned to Jailus mother, and saw she had tears running down her face.Anna, Jaila called my name 9 .Yes?来源:Zxxk.Com“ Welcome to my new room !”When we saw how happy Jaila and her mother were, our 10 disappeared into thin

26、air. We are really proud to make a simple donation a worthwhile experience of changing someones life.1. A. only B. old C. new D. other 2. A. thank B. praise C. help D. encourage3. A. made B. ordered C. repaired D. needed4. A. task B. mistake C. family D. game5. A. with B. off C. in D. across6. A. st

27、ood B. cried C. paid D. cared7. A. fix B. clean C. empty D. build8. A. watches B. players C. guides D. helpers 9. A. bravely B. nervously C. excitedly D. hopefully 10. A. happiness B. eagerness C. sadness D. tiredness_一、单项选择1. I like watching TV shows, _ my sister doesnt. She thinks theyre boring. A

28、. and B. but C. so D. or2. - Can you ride a horse? -No, I _. A. neednt B. may not C. mustnt D. cant 3. -Mum, _ is my football? -Its under your bed. A. what B. which C. when D. where4. When I went to say goodbye to Anna, she _ the piano. A. is playing B. plays C. was playing D. played5. Goldilocks de

29、cided _ for a walk in the forest. A. go B. to go C. going D. goes (附：单选1-5, 北京市怀柔区2019-2019学年度第一学期初三年级期末英语试卷)二、阅读理解AAccording to the US Office for National Statistic(统计), women reaching the end of their childbearing years had about 1.9 children each in 2019, compared with 3.1 for those women in 1976

30、. Numbers from the UKs Office for National Statistics show a similar matter across the Atlantic: the percentage of one-child families in Britain had risen from 18 percent in 1972 to 26 percent in 2019.But even though only children are becoming increasingly common, the stereotype(偏见) that theyre self

31、ish, spoilt(宠坏的) and short of social skills holds strong. Even parents of only children are made to feel guiltyabout having only one child. Worried that theyre being selfish and endangering their childs future, they rush to online trying to get advice. Soon, however, they ask themselves: is this soc

32、ial stereotype really reasonable?“There have been hundreds and hundreds of research studies that show that only children are no different from their mates,” Susan Newman, a social psychologist(心理学家) at Rutgers University in the US, told ABC News.A perfect example is Natalie Portman. “I had the only

33、attention of my parents. And you know what? If I had had brothers or sisters I would have never become an actress,” she told Naanoo, an online magazine. “My mother has been with me to every audition(试听) and every acting class. With more children that would have never been possible. They would have b

34、een jealous(妒嫉) of me.”This raises another question: why are only children still get such suspicion(质疑)?“There is a long-lasting belief thats been around probably since humans first existed that to have just one child is somehow dangerous, both for you and for the continuation of your race,” Toni Fa

35、lbo, a professor of educational psychology at Texas Universitys Population Research Center, told The Guardian. “In the past a lot of children died. Youd have had to be crazy to only have one.”Times, of course, have changed and babys death has largely disappeared. So what do only children themselves

36、say? Kayley Kravitz, a blogger for The Huffington Post, grew up as an only child and highly praises the experience. “Being an only child taught me the most valuable skill of all: the ability to be alone,” she said.1. What does the writer probably think of only children?A. They are big problems.B. Th

37、ey usually have more free time.C. They are almost the same as others.D. They can learn more social skills from their parents.2. What does the word “guilty” in paragraph 2 mean probably?A. Sorry. B. Happy. C. Disappointed. D. Proud.3. What can we infer from the passage?A. There were more only childre

38、n in 2019.B. Only children have more ability to be alone.C. People usually have stereotypes on only children.D. Modern medical technology makes only children more acceptable.4. The writer mainly wants to tell us that_.A. only children are social problems we should face directlyB. the parents were wo

39、rried because of the stereotypeC. only children have more problems than othersD. there are more and more only childrenBSpam (垃圾邮件) mail is a fact of Internet life. Some of it carries bad things, but the main problem with spam is that it is unpleasant because it fills your mail box with pointless mes

40、sages.Most email programs have built-in filters (过滤器) that will discover unwanted messages and put them into a junk folder (垃圾文件夹). You can make the filter learn what you consider to be spam or block certain senders.Avoid letting your email address appear on websitesspammers search the Internet for

41、email addresses. Be careful who you give your email address to, and if you need to send out several copies of an email, use blind copy instead to cover the other peoples addresses.Delete (删除) spam emails without opening them. Signs of possible spam are bad spelling in email headers, strange sender a

42、ddresses, or emails sent at unusual hours. If you do open a spam mail, never reply to it or click on any pictures it may have.If you receive an unexpected email pretending (伪装) to come from your bank, credit card company or other suppliers, be very careful. If the email asks you to reply, dont do it

43、! Instead, call up these places or visit their websites.Consider setting up a second email address and keep one address for your personal use and another for your online communication.5. What is the main problem with spam?A. Its everywhere.B. It carries bad things.C. Its unpleasant.D. It fills ones

44、mail box.6. How many suggestions are there in the passage?A. Three. B. Four.C. Five.D. Six.7. What should you do if you receive a spam email?A. Reply to it quickly. B. Delete it at once.C. Click its pictures.D. Visit its website.8. Which of the following is the writers idea about spam emails?A. Be c

45、areful with them.B. Dont be afraid of them.C. Find interest in them.D. Try to fight against them.CAlthough most people believe that laughter is one of the natures great treatments for a whole range of mental and physical diseases, it is still a serious scientific subject that researchers are trying

46、to figure out.“Laughter above all else is a social thing,” says Baltimore neuroscientist,Robert Provine, who has studied laughter for decades. “All laughter groups laugh ha-ha-ha basically the same way. Whether you speak Mandarin, French or English, everyone will understand laughter. There is a patt

47、ern generator(发生器)in our brain that produces this sound.”Laughing is our first way of communicating. Babies laugh long before they speak. No one teaches them how to laugh. They just do. People may laugh at a trick on April Fools day. But surprisingly, only 10 to 15 percent of laughter is the result

48、of someone making a joke. Laughter is mostly about social responses rather than to a joke. Deaf people laugh without hearing and people on cell phones laugh without seeing, showing that laughter isnt dependent on single sense but on social interactions.And laughter is not just a people thing. Chimps

49、 tickleeach other and even laugh when another chimp pretends to tickle them.Jaak Panksepp, a Bowling Green University Psychology professor, studies rats that laugh when he tickles them. It turns out rats love to be tickledthey return again and again to the hands of researchers tickling them.By study

50、ing rats, scientists can figure out whats going on in the brain during laughter. Northwestern University biomedical engineering professor, Jeffrey Burgdorf has found that laughter in rats produces a chemical that acts as an antidepressant(抗抑郁药). He thinks the same thing probably happens in humans, t

51、oo. This would give doctors a new chemical target to develop drugs that can fight depression.Even so, laughter itself has not been proved to be the best medicine, experts said. Margaret Stuber, a professor at University of California, studied whether laugher helped patients. She found that distracti

52、on(分心)and mood improvement helped, but she could not find a benefit of laughter alone.“No study has shown that laughter produces a direct health benefit,” Provine said, largely because its hard to separate laughter from just feeling good. But he thinks it doesnt really matter: “Isnt the fact that la

53、ughter feels good when you do it enough?”9. The underlined phrase “figure out” in Paragraph 6 means _.A. deal with B. work out C. look out of D. come up with 10. According to the passage, scientists studied rats in order to find_.A. how they laugh B. if they like laughing C. what laughter in rats produces D. how rats react while being tricked11. What is probably the best title for this passage?A. Why rats Laugh B. When Laughter Happens C. How Laughter Works D. Why Laughter Matters