备考2024届高考英语一轮复习课时提能 第一部分 过透教材 Unit 4 A glimpse of the future 外研版选择性必修第三册.docx

1、Unit 4 A glimpse of the future一、阅读理解A科技创新/In Palo Alto， California， Elon Musk presented a prototype（原型） of the humanoid（类人的） robot Optimus， which his company Tesla hopes to produce one day by millions to transform civilization and build a future of abundance where poverty will be gone. The robot， wh

2、ich remains work in progress， waved to the audience and raised its knees.Tesla is adopting its autonomous car technology to give Optimus abilities such as walking safely or working on the factory floor. The robot can actually do a lot more than we just showed you， said Musk. Tesla is designing Optim

3、us robots to be produced at high rates， pushing the price perhaps lower than $20，000， Musk added. This means a future of abundance， a future where there is no poverty and where you can have what you want in terms of products and services. It really is a fundamental transformation of civilization as

4、we know it.Musk， who once warned of artificial intelligence being a threat to mankind， said that Tesla wants to make sure the transition（过渡） to a society in which robots do the work and people gain the benefits is a safe one. We always want to be careful we dont go down the Terminator path， he cauti

5、oned， referring to a famous film about a killer robot and noting that Tesla is building in safeguards including a stop button that cant be changed without permission.Musk said Tesla will begin testing Optimus on the factory floor， letting the robots do simple tasks like carrying parts， and that the

6、general public should be able to purchase the robots in three to five years. He also added， Tesla， as a publicly traded company， will be held accountable by its shareholders if they think it isnt being socially responsible. Its very important that I cant just do what I want. Teslas structure is idea

7、l for that.Elon Musk展示了人形机器人Optimus的原型，他的公司特斯拉希望有一天能大量生产这种机器人，以改造文明，建立一个消除贫困的富足的未来。【词语积累】transform v.使改观，使变形，使转化autonomous adj.有自主能力的，自主的fundamental adj.根本的，基本的，基础的；必不可少的，十分重要的safeguard n.安全设施，保护措施accountable adj.负有责任的【熟词生义】caution 常用义：n.谨慎，小心文中义：v.告诫，提醒【长难句解读】Musk，who once warned of (artificial int

8、elligence being athreat to who引导的定语从句， artificial. mankind为动名词短语的复合结构mankind)， said that Tesla wants to make sure thetransition(过渡) to a society(in which robots that引导的宾语从句，其中包含一个省略了引导词的宾语从句，dothework and people gainthe benefits) is a safe one.该宾语从句中又包含一个 in关系代词 which引导的定语从句译文：Musk曾警告说人工智能会对人类构成威胁，他

9、表示，特斯拉希望确保向机器人工作、人类受益的社会的过渡是安全的。1. What is Optimus expected to do？A. Play a big role in factory work.B. Lift the future world out of poverty.C. Walk and wave greetings like humans.D. Provide fundamental services people want.解析B细节理解题。由第一段中的which his company Tesla hopes to. build a future of abundance

10、 where poverty will be gone和第二段中的This means a future of abundance， a future where there is no poverty and where you can have what you want in terms of products and services可知，特斯拉希望有一天能大量生产Optimus机器人，以改造文明，建立一个富足的未来，让贫穷消失。这意味着一个富足的未来，一个没有贫穷的未来，在那里你可以得到你想要的产品和服务。由此可知，Optimus机器人被期待能让未来世界摆脱贫困。综上可知，本题选B。

11、2. Why is the film mentioned in paragraph 3？A. To share a story about humanoid robots.B. To tell the harm of using humanoid robots. C. To warn of the threat of artificial intelligence.D. To prove Teslas devotion to safe humanoid robots.解析D意图推断题。由第三段中的a safe oneWe always want to be careful we dont go

12、 down.noting that Tesla is building in safeguards . without permission可知，提及电影终结者是为了证明特斯拉会规避电影中机器人害人的隐患，竭力打造安全的人形机器人，故选D。3. What do Musks words in the last paragraph imply？A. He is in favor of Teslas management.B. Robots will be easily available for all soon.C. Tesla should be more socially responsib

13、le.D. Optimus is none of Teslas shareholders concern.解析A推理判断题。由最后一段内容可知，Musk补充道，如果股东认为特斯拉公司没有负起社会责任，公司要对此作出解释。特斯拉的体系是理想的。由此可知，Musk对特斯拉的管理模式是认同的，故选A。4. Which of the following can be the best title for the text？A. Optimus： A Breakthrough Product by Elon MuskB. Optimus： A Possibility of Transforming th

14、e WorldC. Humanoid Robots： A Promise of a Better FutureD. Humanoid Robots： A New Technical Focus of Tesla解析B标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文的主要内容是：Elon Musk展示了人形机器人Optimus的原型，他的公司特斯拉希望有一天能大量生产这种机器人，以改造文明，建立一个消除贫困的富足的未来。由此可知，B项（Optimus：改变世界的可能性）做本文标题最佳。B科技创新/2024湖北武汉外国语诊断Cars powered by batteries made from seawater a

15、nd planes fueled by ammonia（氨） will become common over the next 10 years， Bill David， a professor of materials chemistry has predicted.Most batteries for electric cars and smartphones are powered by lithium（锂）， which has to be mined， but David thinks that they will be overtaken by batteries made fro

16、m sodium（钠）， which can be obtained from seawater and salt. The future of air travel could also be greener thanks to biofuels.David said， We are developing an ammonia-based plane. In principle， we can improve on an Airbus A320 or a Boeing 787 and essentially replace jet fuel with ammonia.David said t

17、hat batteries could， at first， combine sodium and lithium， as sodium is not quite as powerful as lithium but is much more sufficient. Its not quite perfect in terms of performance， so we need both， David said.Sodium is on the way up and most electric cars have had a combination of lithium and sodium

18、 batteries in them. My estimate is that by 2040 I would not be surprised if there were ten times more sodium batteries than lithium ones， maybe even 100 times.The first generation of mass-produced sodium batteries has been used for an electric car for the first time. Sodium will not be the final ans

19、wer to eco-friendly air travel， however， which is why Davids team is looking into the use of ammonia. Some companies are looking into whether jet fuel can be replaced with hydrogen， but David sees ammonia more sustainable. He said， If you do a sum， then at 500mph you get the same amount of power as

20、jet fuel， but just 40 per cent of the range. However， even though， a Boeing 787 could still go from London to New York.However， a report from the Royal Society on net-zero aviation， which David co-wrote， says that replacing jet fuel with biofuels would require half of the agricultural land in the UK

21、.材料化学专家Bill David预测，未来10年由海水制成的钠电池驱动的汽车和以氨为燃料的飞机将变得普遍。由于生物燃料的使用，未来的航空旅行也会更加环保。1. What is an advantage of sodium batteries？A. Their performance is easy to improve.B. Their raw material is easily accessible.C. They are widely applied to various vehicles.D. They are more powerful than other batteries.解

22、析B细节理解题。由第二段中的David thinks that they will be overtaken by batteries made from sodium（钠）， which can be obtained from seawater and salt可知，David认为锂电池将被钠制成的电池取代，钠可以从海水和盐中获得。由此可知，电池的原材料钠可以轻松获得，故选B。2. According to David， which is ideal for future electric cars？A. The lithium battery.B. The sodium battery.

23、C. Hydrogen fuel.D. Ammonia fuel.解析B细节理解题。由第四段中的My estimate is that by 2040.maybe even 100 times可知，到2040年，如果钠电池的数量是锂电池的10倍，甚至可能是100倍，David不会感到惊讶。由此可知，David认为未来电动汽车的理想选择是钠电池，故选B。3. What is paragraph 5 mainly about？A. Hydrogen casts a light on the jet fuel market.B. Electric car makers favor sodium ba

24、tteries.C. Ammonia features sustainability and practicability.D. Companies have mass-produced recycled batteries.解析C段落大意题。结合第五段内容，尤其是本段中的David sees ammonia more sustainableIf you do a sum， then at 500mph.a Boeing 787 could still go from London to New York可知，该段主要讲述氨的可持续性和实用性特点，故选C。4. Whats Davids att

25、itude to replacing jet fuel with biofuels？A. Tolerant.B. Unclear.C. Cautious.D. Approving.解析C态度推断题。由最后一段的内容可知，David参与撰写的一份来自英国皇家学会关于净零排放航空的报告称，用生物燃料取代喷气燃料将需要英国一半的农业用地。由此可推知，David对于用生物燃料取代喷气燃料这一举措持慎重态度，故选C。二、七选五2023江西名校联考Whenever humans consider the future of AI， they have one big question in mind： w

26、ill robots take my job？ While its true that some jobs will disappear， new ones that involve working specifically with AI will arise. 1 Many jobs will become more rewarding as people perform their work alongside AI， solving problems in new and exciting ways.AI has already changed almost every industr

27、y， but the future of AI promises to revolutionize even more businesses.Health care：2 This will make early lifesaving treatment more likely. They might use AI to create new ways to treat illnesses like dementia（痴呆） and cancer. They could use it to predict future illnesses， combining a patients health

28、 history and genetic data to create a preventative care plan.Service industry： In the future， robots and machines run by AI could replace customer service representatives and cashiers. 3 Robots are already used at some fast-food restaurants.Law enforcement：Some day soon， AI facial recognition in sec

29、urity cameras could help police officers catch potential criminals. 4Transportation： Say goodbye to taxi drivers. In the future， cars will be able to drive themselves （some already do）.5Marketing： AI already targets you with customized ads on social media sites， but soon it may even be able to creat

30、e the ads you see or articles you read.A. We can also have AI-equipped robot cooks.B. We may also see automated trains and airplanes.C. The biggest change may be in what we get from work.D. With AI， doctors will be able to better diagnose illnesses.E. AI-run robots are already used as security offic

31、ers in some businesses.F. There are already articles that are almost as good as what a human creates.G. While the future of AI has lots of positives， there are some negatives， too.本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人工智能已经或即将用于哪些领域。1.CMany jobs will become more rewarding as people perform their work alongside AI， solvi

32、ng problems in new and exciting ways与C项（The biggest change may be in what we get from work）相吻合。2.D由小标题Health care可知，第三段主要介绍人工智能在医疗保健领域的应用。D项（有了人工智能，医生将能够更好地诊断疾病）符合本段主旨。3.A由小标题Service industry可知，第四段主要介绍人工智能在服务行业的应用。A项（我们也可以有配备人工智能的机器人厨师）符合本段主旨，且与下文中的Robots are already used at some fast-food restauran

33、ts衔接自然。4.EE项（由人工智能操作的机器人已经被用作一些企业的安保人员）与Law enforcement相吻合。5.B由小标题Transportation可知，第六段主要介绍人工智能在交通领域的应用。B项（我们还可能看到自动化的火车和飞机）符合本段主旨。三、完形填空2024广东揭阳阶段考We asked Professor John Williams， a futurologist， for his expert predictions on life in the next few decades. Heres what he said.Unfortunately， it looks

34、quite likely that the climate may 1 significantly， with hotter summers， colder winters and more flooding. At the same time， fuel for heating or air conditioning will probably become much more expensive. For these reasons， our houses will certainly have to become much better 2. People are already bui

35、lding so-called passive houses， which have little or no central heating at all，3 the body heat of the people who live there.Homes probably wont be as big， and so we will need more adaptable furniture， such as sofa beds， and when we are not 4 our furniture we will be able to fold it away into wall ca

36、binets（壁橱）. Houses could have moveable walls so that the same space can be 5 in different ways.New technology will make us more self-sufficient（自给自足的）. Kitchens may have fish tanks which， as well as providing fish to eat， also 6 fresh vegetables. The plants will 7 oxygen for the fish. These tanks wi

37、ll be powered by household waste and create 8， which can then be used to run the family car 9 we might not all have cars！Water will be more expensive and the home of the future will probably be designed to use much 10 water. Washing machines and dishwashers might use sound waves to shake 11 off. We

38、may even take showers using sound waves. What water we do use will be recycled and used again round the house and private swimming pools will become a thing of the 12.We will also 13 have more robots in our houses， though they wont look like the ones in films. There will probably be small robots 14

39、to clean the fridge or open the curtains. 15 fridges will tell us when food is about to go out of date and even suggest recipes， and we will be able to communicate with our homes by mobile phone wherever we are.本文主要讲的是John Williams对未来的预测。1.A. changeB. improveC. respondD. cool解析A由下文中的with hotter summ

40、ers， colder winters and more flooding可知，气候可能会发生改变，故选A。2. A. advertisedB. placedC. qualifiedD. equipped解析D由上文中的fuel for heating or air conditioning will probably become much more expensive可知，用于供暖或空调的燃料可能会变得更加昂贵，所以房子应该更好地被装备，故选D。3. A. dealing withB. relying onC. focusing onD. giving out解析B由上文中的have li

41、ttle or no central heating at all可知，房屋很少或根本没有中央供暖系统，所以就要依靠人自己的体温了，故选B。4.A. usingB. movingC. cleaningD. selling解析A家具自然是不用的时候才折叠起来，故选A。5. A. demandedB. arrangedC. measuredD. enlarged解析B房屋可以有可移动的墙壁，这样相同的空间就可以以不同的方式布置，故选B。6. A. produceB. washC. storeD. cook解析A厨房可能有鱼缸，除了提供鱼，也生产（produce）新鲜蔬菜。7. A. findB.

42、saveC. provideD. test解析C由上文中的plants，下文中的oxygen for the fish以及常识可知，植物会给鱼提供氧气，故选C。8. A. spaceB. energyC. systemD. material解析B用于驱动汽车的自然是能量，故选B。9. A. asB. ifC. unlessD. though解析D此处表示尽管（though）我们可能不是每个人都有车，故选D。10. A. moreB. warmerC. lessD. slower解析C由下文可知，未来用水更少，故选C。11.A. dirtB. waterC. leavesD. hair解析A洗衣

43、机和洗碗机可能会使用声波来除掉污垢（dirt）。12. A. futureB. pastC. lifeD. imagination解析B私人游泳池将成为过去（past）的东西。13. A. regularlyB. suddenlyC. nearlyD. certainly解析D当然（Certainly），家里也会有更多的机器人，尽管它们看起来不会像电影里的机器人。14. A. designedB. discoveredC. repairedD. collected解析A可能会有小型机器人被设计（designed）出来清洁冰箱或拉开窗帘。15. A. OldB. AdditionalC. CommonD. Clever解析D由tell us when food is about to go out of date and even suggest recipes可知，冰箱是智能的，故选D。