2012高考英语人教版一轮复习资料 必修2 UNIT3 COMPUTERS.ppt

1、2012高考英语人教版一轮复习资料 必修2 Unit3 Computers话题1.Information technology(信息技术)2History and basic knowledge of computers(电脑的历史及基本知识)3Robots(机器人)功能1.Making decisions(作出决定)2.Reasoning(推理)语法The Present Perfect Passive Voice(现在完成时的被动语态)重点单词calculate，common，analytical，finance，goal，signal，electronic，logical，solve，r

2、eality，application，explore，technology，revolution，intelligence，anyhow，totally，advantage，disadvantage，type，personally，arise重点短语in common，go by，so.that.，in a way，make up，after all，with the help of.，watch over，deal with，as a result，from.on，human race重点句型1.And my memory became so large that even I couldn

3、t believe it!2Anyhow，my goal is to provide humans with a life of high quality.3In a way our programmer is like our coach.4After all，with the help of my electronic brain which never forgets anything，using my intelligence is what Im all about！1calculate v计算；计划，打算；估计归纳拓展(1)calculation n计算，推算calculator

4、n计算器，计算者calculating adj.有私心的；精明的(2)be calculated to do sth.打算或计划做某事calculate on doing sth.指望或依靠某事物We havent calculated the cost of the vacation yet.我们还没计算出度假要花多少钱。The advertisements are calculated to attract young single consumers.这些广告旨在吸引年轻的单身消费者。We cant calculate on having good weather for the out

5、ing.我们不能指望外出时有好的天气。【链接训练】很难预测法律上的这些变化会产生怎样的长期影响。(翻译句子)_【答案】Its difficult to calculate the longterm effects of these changes in the law.2solve vt.解决；解答归纳拓展solution n解决，解决方法；解答，答案，常与介词to搭配。find a solution to sth.找到解决的方法soluble adj.可以解决的；可以解答的Can you solve the word puzzle?你能解答这个字谜吗？Attempts are being m

6、ade to solve the problem of waste disposal.正在想办法解决废物处理的问题。Theres no simple solution to this problem.这个问题没有简单的解决办法。【链接训练】他们在努力寻求和平解决的方案。(翻译句子)_【答案】They are trying to find a peaceful solution.3anyhow(anyway)归纳拓展(1)意为“无论如何，不管怎样，反正；尽管如此”。在作此意解时，anyway和anyhow一样，都可作让步状语，一般位于句中(其前常有连词but)或句末。(2)意为“况且，更何况，再

7、说，至少，总之”。作此意解时，anyway和anyhow一样，都可作句子状语，用来对前边的话作补充，给出一个更加令人信服的理由。这时anyhow常用在句首或最后的分句之首(位于分句之首时其前常用连词and)，但不可用在句末。(3)意为“粗心地，随意地”。在作此意解时，只能用anyhow，不可与anyway互换。The house was empty and I couldnt get in anyhow.屋子里没有人，我无论怎样都进不去。Anyhow，I mustnt keep you from your work.总之，我不能阻止你工作。He made notes anyhow in the

8、 margin.他在页边空白处随意作了些笔记。【链接训练】How about going downtown this morning?Well.，its a bit too cold outside.And _，Ive got to do some housework.Asome way BanyhowCsomehow Dsomewhat【解析】anyhow此处意为“况且，再说”，符合题意。somehow用于指某种原因，somewhat意为“有点”。【答案】BThere is little chance that we will succeed in changing in the law._

9、 it is important we try.ABut BAnyhow CSomewhat DAnywhere【解析】句意为：我们要成功地改变法律的可能性不大，但不管怎样(尽管如此)，尝试还是很重要的。anyhow“不管 怎 样，尽 管 如 此”；somewhat“有 点，有 几 分”；anywhere“不管哪里，在任何地方”。【答案】B4signal n信号；暗号 v发信号；发暗号；示意归纳拓展(1)a danger/warning/distress signal危险/警告/求救信号traffic signals交通信号灯(2)signal to sb.向某人发出信号signal(to)s

10、b.to do sth.向某人发出做的信号signal(sb.)that.用信号指示，警告A red light is a signal of danger.红灯是危险的信号。He signalled across the room to his wife.他朝房子对面的妻子打手势。The driver signalled her to cross the road.司机示意她过马路。同类辨析symbol，sign，signal与mark四者均含“标志，象征，符号”之意。(1)symbol指作象征或表达某种深邃意蕴的特殊事物。(2)sign普通用词，指人们公认的事物的记号，也可指某种情况的征兆

11、。同类辨析(3)signal指为某一目的而有意发出的信号。(4)mark普通用词，含义广泛。既可指为便于辨认而有意做的标记，又可指自然形成的标记或有别于其他事物的特征。【链接训练】We waited for them to give us the _ to move.Asymbol Bsign Csignal Dmark【解析】symbol“象征，符号”；sign“记号，征兆，迹象”；signal“信号”；mark“标志，标记”。由句意“我们等着他们发出前进的信号”。可知选C。【答案】C5arise vi.出现，发生；起身，起立归纳拓展(1)意为“出现，开始呈现，发生”，多以抽象名词argum

12、ent，problem，quarrel，question，movement等作主语。(2)与from或out of搭配，即arise from/out of sth.，意为“因某事物而产生，引起”。(3)arise为不及物动词，没有被动语态。I thought it would be easy，but a lot of problems have arisen.我本来认为事情会很容易，但是出现了许多问题。Accident can arise from carelessness.意外事故可能因疏忽引起。He arose from his seat.他从座位上站起来。同类辨析arise，arous

13、e，rise与raisearise vi.出现，发生，起因于(arose，arisen，arising)arouse vt.唤醒，激起(aroused，aroused，arousing)rise vi.升起，起身，增长，上升(rose，risen，rising)raise vt.举起，唤起，提高；饲养(raised，raised，raising)Her strange behaviour aroused our suspicions.她不寻常的举动引起了我们的猜疑。The price of wheat has risen since last summer.自从去年夏天以来麦子的价格已经涨了。

14、He raised his eyes from his work.他停下工作抬头看。【链接训练】Many difficulties have _ as a result of change over a new type of fuel.Arisen Barisen Craised Daroused【解析】arise意为“出现，呈现”，符合题意。rise意为“升起”；raise意为“抬升，举起”，arouse“唤醒，激起”。【答案】BThe price of cell phones _ recently.Ahas been raised Bhas been risenChas raised D

15、has been aroused【解析】rise无被动语态，arouse意为“唤醒，激起”；raise意为“提高”，且the price与raise之间是被动关系，故选A项。句意为：最近手机的价格已被提高。【答案】A1as a result(由于的)结果；因此归纳拓展as a result of由于；作为的结果without result 无效地，毫无结果地result from.由引起(相当于lie in)result in导致(相当于lead to)He ate some bad fish.As a result，he fell ill.他吃了些变质的鱼，结果他病了。As a result

16、 of fog，all flights had to be cancelled.由于大雾，所有航班被迫取消。His failure resulted from his carelessness.His carelessness resulted in his failure.他的失败是由于他的粗心导致的。【链接训练】Unable to work at a steady job _ a terminal illness,he decided to volunteer at the local children centre.Aat the cost of Bas the result ofCin

17、 case of Dat the risk of【解析】句意为：由于得了绝症不能从事一份稳定的工作，他决定在当地的儿童中心做义工。at the cost of“以为代价”；as the result of“由于的结果”；in case of“万一”；at the risk of“冒着的风险”；根据句意可知选B。【答案】B_，Hugh decided to put out a book that would contain all kinds of world records.AAs a result BAs a result ofCAs the result DResult in【解析】as

18、a result“因此”，符合题意。B项as a result of后跟宾语；C项形式不对；D项result in“导致”。【答案】A2in a way 在某种程度上；从某一角度看归纳拓展(1)in a way相当于in one/some way。(2)in the(ones)way 碍事，妨碍；挡路in no way 一点也不，决不(置于句首时，主句要部分倒装)on the/ones way to.在去的路上all the way 一路上；一直；完全by way of 经由，途经by the way顺便说一下no way 没门，别想in this/that way用这种/那种方式make o

19、nes way to 向前进The work is well done in a way.从某种意义上说，这项工作做得不错。By the way，have you seen my umbrella anywhere?顺便问一下，你在什么地方见过我的伞吗？Its surprising that so many people should go abroad by way of Hong Kong.竟然有这么多的人途经香港去国外，真让人吃惊。Teaching in school can in no way be separated from practice.学校教学决不能脱离实践。【链接训练】J

20、ack dealt with the sensitive issue very cleverly _.Ain no way Bin this wayCin a way Din the way【解析】考查短语辨析。in no way“决不”；in this way“用这种方法”；in a way“在某种程度上”；in the way“挡道，妨碍”。由句意“从某种程度上看，杰克非常聪明地处理了这个敏感的问题”。可知，选C。【答案】CThe chair is _ way.Move it please.Ain aBin theCon aDon the【解析】in the way意为“挡道”。【答案】B

21、3with the help of在的帮助下归纳拓展(1)help sb.out帮助某人渡过难关/摆脱困境help sb.with sth.帮助某人做某事help(to)do sth.帮着做某事help oneself to自用(食物)；擅自取用(2)cant help doing sth.禁不住做某事cannot help but do sth.不得不做某事；只得做某事She spoke with us with the help of an interpreter.她在翻译的帮助下与我们交谈。I worked out the problem with the teachers help.在

22、老师的帮助下我解出了这道题。I cannot help but admit he is right.我不得不承认他是对的。If you want another drink，just help yourself.你要是想再喝一杯就请自便。【链接训练】_the help of the neighbours，the fire was at last brought under control.AUnder BWith COn DIn【解析】考查固定搭配。with the help of“在的帮助下”；句意为：在邻居的帮助下火势最终得到了控制。【答案】B4deal with 处理；对付，打交道；论述

23、关于的内容(主要指书籍、文章等)；安排同类辨析deal with 与 do with(1)deal with(settle/arrange；associate with)“处理，对付；安排；论述关于的内容；与进行交易”。常与连接副词how 连用，强调解决或处理问题的方法和方式。同类辨析(2)do with(make use of)意为“处置，安排；对付，利用”，常与连接代词what 连用。do with 不用于被动语态。Deal with a man as he deals with you.谚以其人之道，还治其人之身。I dont know how they will deal with t

24、he problem.I dont know what they will do with the problem.我不知道他们将如何处理这个问题。This book deals with problems of pollution.这本书论述了污染问题。They have learned to deal with all sorts of people.他们学会了和各种人打交道。【链接训练】He knows _ to deal with men，but when he meets women，he doesnt know _ to do.Ahow；how Bwhat；what Chow；wh

25、at Dwhat；how【解析】how 与 deal with 连用；do with常与连接代词what连用，其中what 作 do 的宾语。【答案】C5watch over 保护，守卫；照管；留心，注意归纳拓展(1)watch for sth.留意或等待某事物watch out 小心；留神；注意(用于提醒、警示)watch out for sb./sth.警惕或注意某人(某事物)(2)keep(a)watch on监视on the watch for留神，注意The older children watched over the younger ones.较大的孩子们照顾较小的孩子们。The

26、y were watched over by three policemen.他们由三个警察看守着。The staff were asked to watch out for forged banknotes.职员被要求留意伪钞。Police kept a 24hour watch on the house.警方24小时严密监视这座房子。【链接训练】_，there is danger ahead.AGenerally speaking BBe sureCWatch out DWatch out for【解析】watch out“小心”，用于提醒，符合题意。generally speaking“

27、通常说来”；be sure“确定”；watch out for后应加sb./sth.，表示“注意某人(物)”。句意为：小心，前面有危险。【答案】C6And my memory became so large that even I couldnt believe it!我的存储容量变得如此巨大，甚至连我自己都不能相信！so/such.that.“如此以至于”，引导结果状语从句。归纳拓展(1)so是副词，后面修饰形容词或副词，常构成如下结构：(3)当 so./such.置于句首时，句子的主句要用部分倒装。Liu Xiang ran so fast that nobody could catch

28、up with him in the 16th Asian Games in Guangzhou.在16届广州亚运会上刘翔跑得如此之快以至于没有人能赶得上他。There are so many people in the street that we cant go through.街上人太多，我们过不去。She is so good a teacher/such a good teacher that many students like her.她是位好老师，很多学生都喜欢她。so that引导的结果状语从句一般不与情态动词连用，so that从句前可用逗号隔开。They all work

29、ed day and night so that they might finish the task ahead of time.他们日夜工作，以便提前完成任务。The room was crowded with people，so that we couldnt get in.房间里挤满了人，因此我们进不去。【链接训练】What a beautiful day!Yes，its _ that Id like to take a walk.Asuch nice weather Bso a nice weatherCtoo nice weather Dnice weather so【解析】考查s

30、uch.that.引导结果状语从句。suchadj.不可数名词，weather不可数。【答案】A_ at the terrible news that I didnt know what to say.ASo sad Mary lookedBSo sad did Mary lookCSo sadly Mary lookedDSo sadly did Mary look【解析】当so.that.句型中so部分置于句首时，主句部分倒装，故排除A、C项；又look是系动词，后跟形容词作表语，故排除D项。【答案】B现在完成时的被动语态一、概念现在完成时的被动语态强调一个发生在过去的被动动作，它有两层意

31、思：1动作已经完成，强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。2主语与谓语动词之间为被动关系。Our classroom has been cleaned，so you neednt clean it now.我们的教室已打扫过，你现在没必要再打扫了。These flowers have been watered，and you can go home.这些花已浇过水了，你可以回家了。二、现在完成时的被动语态的构成肯定式：have/hasbeen及物动词的过去分词否定式：在 have 或 has 后加 notThe letters have not been typed by now.到现在这些信

32、件还没有被打印出来。疑问式：把 have 或 has 提到主语前面Have the clothes been washed?衣服洗好了吗？三、现在完成时的被动语态的用法现在完成时的被动语态，除表示发生在过去的这个被动动作对现在产生的影响或结果外，还可表示：1在过去发生的一直延续到现在的并可能持续下去的被动动作或状态。常与for或since引导的时间状语连用，或用于“How long.？”句型中。The machine has been used for 3 years.这台机器已经使用了三年了。How long has the car been repaired?这部车修了多长时间了？2用在时

33、间或条件状语从句中，表示将来某时已完成的被动动作，即用现在完成时的被动语态代替将来完成时的被动语态。You can go home as soon as your task has been finished.你的任务一完成就可以回家。四、使用现在完成时的被动语态要注意以下几点1现在完成时的被动语态的两个助动词，即have/has和been，两者缺一不可。2与一般过去时的被动语态的区别。一般过去时的被动语态所表示的动作或状态与现在的情况没有联系，而现在完成时的被动语态则强调与现在的情况有联系。The road was built last year.这条路是去年修成的。The road has

34、 been built.这条路已经修好。3非延续性动词，如borrow，finish，begin，start，buy，marry，open，join等构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。若要表达相应的意思，则要改换动词或时态。How long has this dictionary been borrowed？()How long has this dictionary been kept？()这本字典借了多长时间了？但这类动词的否定式可表示动作的持续过程，具有持续性，因而可与since或for构成的时间状语连用。This dictionary has not been b

35、orrowed since last week.自上周以来没有人借过这本字典。【链接训练】How long _ at this job?Since 1990.Awere you employed Bhave you been employedChad you been employed Dwill you be employed【解析】根据题中回答since 1990可以确定应用现在完成时，又因为you和employ之间存在被动关系，故此题应用现在完成时的被动语态。【答案】BJack _ about it，so you neednt call him up.Ahad been told Bkn

36、ewChad known Dhas been told【解析】句意为：杰克已经被告知这件事情了，所以你就不必打电话给他了。根据句意，此题应用现在完成时态，强调过去发生的动作对现在已经造成影响，而A、C表示过去的过去，用在此处不符合语境。且tell与Jack之间是被动关系，故正确答案为D项。【答案】DA Dream of the Red Chamber(红 楼 梦 )is said _ into dozens of languages in the last decade.Ato have been translatedBto be translatedCto translateDto have

37、 translated【解析】句意为：据说在过去的10年，红楼梦已经被翻译成数十种语言。A Dream of the Red Chamber与translate之间存在被动关系，故使用被动语态，排除C、D项；又translate发生在said之前，故用现在完成时的被动语态，选择A。【答案】AIf Newton lived today，he would be surprised by what _ in science and technology.Ahad discovered Bhad been discoveredChas discovered Dhas been discovered【解

38、析】考查时态及语态。由discover与what的关系决定了应该使用被动语态，句子中有today提示表示现代科技的状况，故选D。【答案】DWith the help of high technology，more and more new substances _ in the past years.Adiscovered Bhave discoveredChad been discovered Dhave been discovered【解析】考查时态和语态。先由句子中的时间状语in the past years“近几年来”确定句子应用现在完成时。再由句子的主语new substances与谓语动词discover之间是被动关系，确定句子应用被动语态，由这两个方面可知应用现在完成时的被动语态。【答案】D