2013届高三英语复习语法专题讲座：第10讲 特殊句式（主谓一致倒装省略等）（新人教版）.ppt

1、考点精析专题讲座语法综合演练考点一考点二考点三考点四第十讲特殊句式(主谓一致，倒装，省略等)1完全倒装(1)表示方式或方位的副词或介词短语，如here,there,now,then,up,down,in,away,off,out,in the room,on the wall等，置于句首时，完全倒装。John opened the door.There stood a girl he had never seen before.(摘自2010陕西高考)约翰打开门，他从来没见过的一位女孩站在那儿。Hearing the dog barking fiercely,away fled the thi

2、ef.(摘自2009上海高考)听到狗的狂叫声，小偷逃掉了。点津上述情况中，若主语是人称代词，则主谓语不用倒装。Away they went.他们走了。(2)表语位于句首时，其倒装结构为“表语连系动词主语”。Present at the meeting were some scientists from China.许多来自中国的科学家出席了会议。Gone are the days when we were poor.我们贫穷的日子一去不复返了。2部分倒装(1)only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句，且放在句首时。Only after they had discussed the matter f

3、or several hours did they reach a decision.(摘自2011湖南高考)直到他们把那个问题讨论了几个小时之后才作出决定。(2)否定副词never,nor,not,hardly,little,seldom,scarcely,rarely及表否定意义的介词短语at no time,under/in no circumstances,in no case,by no means,on no condition等置于句首时。We laugh at jokes,but seldom do we think about how they work.(摘自2010四川高

4、考)听到笑话我们会开怀大笑，但我们很少思考它是怎样让人笑的。Not until he left his home did he begin to know how important the family was for him.(摘自2010江西高考)直到他离开了家，他才开始知道家庭对他来说有多么重要。(3)hardly.when.,no sooner.than.,not only.but also.等引导两个句子时，前一个句子用部分倒装，后一个句子不倒装。Hardly/Scarcely had he heard the news when he began to cry.一听到这个消息他就

5、哭了。The computer was used in teaching.As a result,not only was teachers energy saved,but students became more interested in the lessons.(摘自2009全国卷)电脑被应用于教学中，结果，不仅节省了老师的精力，学生也对课堂感兴趣了。(4)so/neither/nor置于句首，意为“也(不)”，表示前面所说的情况也适用于另一个人或事物时，要用部分倒装，其句型为：so/neither/norbe/助动词/情态动词主语。Since my return to China,I

6、 havent seen my host mother in America,nor have I heard from her.自从我回到中国之后就没有见过我在美国的房东妈妈，也没有收到她的来信。点津so表示“是的，确实”时，主谓语不倒装。It is too hot.So it is.天太热了。是啊，的确很热。(5)在so.that.和such.that.句式中，如果so或such引导的部分位于句首时，主句中的主语和谓语需要部分倒装。So frightened was she that she could not say a word.她如此害怕以致于一句话也说不出来。Such great

7、progress did he make that he was praised.他取得了如此大的进步以致于受到了表扬。(6)as,though引导让步状语从句时，可将表语、状语或谓语动词提前，构成倒装。句式为：表语、状语或动词原形as/though主语其他。Unsatisfied though he was with the payment,he took the job just to get some work experience.(摘自2009重庆高考)虽然他对那份工作的报酬不满意，但是为了得到一些工作经验他还是接受了。Much as he likes the car,he cant

8、 afford it.尽管他很喜欢这辆车，但他买不起。1(2011新课标全国卷)Try_ she might,Sue couldnt get the door open.AifBwhenCsince Das解析：考查as的用法。连词as引导让步状语从句，从句通常采用倒装语序，即把表语、状语或动词放在句首。因此可判断空白处填as。句意：虽然Sue可能尝试了，但是她无法打开门。答案：D2(2011全国卷)Jane wont join us for dinner tonight and _.Aneither wont Tom BTom wont eitherCTom will too Dso wil

9、l Tom解析：考查特殊句式。句意：简不会来参加我们今晚的宴会，汤姆也不会来。此处是否定句，故使用either，而too 一般用于肯定句中。此处也可以用neither/nor will Tom。答案：B3(2011福建高考)Its nice.Never before_ such a special drink!Im glad you like it.AI have had BI hadChave I had Dhad I解析：考查时态及倒装。never 是否定副词，置于句首，句子要部分倒装；由语意可知说话人以前从未喝过这样特别的饮料，应该用现在完成时。故选C项。答案：C1强调句的基本句型是“I

10、t is/was被强调的部分that/who其他部分”。被强调的部分可以是主语、宾语和状语等。Johns success has nothing to do with good luck.It is years of hard work that has made him what he is today.(摘自2010湖南高考)约翰的成功与运气无关，是多年的努力让他取得了今天的地位。It is only children who make such stupid mistakes.只有孩子才会犯这样愚蠢的错误。2强调句型的一般疑问句只需将is/was提前，特殊疑问句的结构是“疑问词is/wa

11、sitthat从句”。Is it Professor Wang who teaches you English?教你们英语的是王教授吗？What is it that you want me to do?你要我干什么？3如果原句中含有“not.until”，在强调时间状语时，将主句中的否定词not连同状语一起提前。It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.直到她摘下墨镜，我才认出她是一位著名的电影明星。1(2011重庆高考)Have you seen the

12、 film Under theHawthorn Tree?Of course,I have.It was in our village_ it was made.Athat BwhereCwhen Dwhich解析：考查强调句型。问话人询问对方是否看过山楂树之恋这部电影，答话人回答说当然看过，这部电影是在自己的村庄拍摄的。本句是强调句，被强调的部分是地点状语in our village。答案：A2(2012宝鸡质量检测一)It was not until midnight _ we got home because of traffic jams.Athat BwhenCwhile Das解析

13、：考查强调句型。not.until句型有两种强调的方式：一种是将not until短语提至句首，主句采用部分倒装语序；第二种方式是采用一般强调句型结构，只是要把否定词转移到until前边去。此题采用的是第二种强调方式，它的第一种强调方式为：Not until midnight did we get home because of traffic jams.答案：A3(2012孝感质量检测)I cant figure out _ it is that makes him so difficult at school.Ahow BwhatCwhy Dwhich解析：考查强调句型和宾语从句。what

14、引导宾语从句，作figure out的宾语，且what在从句中作主语。此处是对what进行强调。由语意可知，空格处是强调句型，强调主语，而A、C两项不能作句子的主语。故选B项。答案：B1在when,while,whenever,till,as soon as,if,unless,as if,though,as等引导的状语从句中，若谓语部分含有be动词，而主语又与主句主语相同或主语是it时，从句的主语和be动词常被省略。The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise,if carried out regularly,can improve

15、 our health.(摘自2010浙江高考)实验表明，如果有规律地进行适量运动能强身健体。Get up early tomorrow,if not(you dont get up early),you will miss the first bus.明天早点起床，如果不的话，你会错过早班车。2Im afraid,I think,I believe,I hope,I guess等作答句，后面跟so与not分别等于肯定或否定，宾语从句可省去。Do you think it will rain?I hope not(that it will not rain)你认为会下雨吗？我希望不下。Do y

16、ou believe our team will win?I guess so.你相信我们队会赢吗？我猜会赢。3不定式省略，单独使用不定式符号to。(1)用来代替动词不定式后被省略的动词，常在be afraid/glad/happy;expect,forget,hope,intend,like,love,mean,prefer,refuse,seem,try,want,wish等的后边。I asked him to see the film,but he didnt want to.我请他去看电影，但他不想去。Will you join in the game?Id be glad to.你愿

17、意加入做游戏吗？我很高兴加入。(2)如果不定式中含有be,have,have been，通常保留be,have和have been。Are you a sailor?No,but I used to be.你是海员吗？不，但我过去是。1(2012东北三校第一次联考)Hi,are you an engineer in Lenovo Group?No,but I _.Awant to Bwant to beCwant so Dwant it解析：考查省略。答话人想成为联想集团的工程师，答语是“No,but I want to be an engineer in Lenovo Group.”的省略形

18、式。当不定式后有be时，be不可省略。答案：B2(2012海淀第二学期期中练习)Although _ considerable success as an artist,the young man keeps working hard.Aachieving BachievedCto achieve Dhaving achieved解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：虽然作为一名艺术家取得了相当大的成就，这位年轻人仍然继续努力工作。the young man 与achieve之间是主谓关系，且根据句意可知achieve动作已经完成，故用现在分词的完成式，相当于“Although he has achie

19、ved considerable success as an artist”。答案：D3(2012潍坊市抽样监测)When _ to danger and conflict,men tend to increase blood pressure,_ nervous or anxious.Aexposed;felt Bexposed;feelingCexposing;feeling Dexposing;felt解析：考查省略和非谓语动词。句意：当面对危险和冲突时，男人往往血压升高，感到紧张和焦虑。be exposed to“暴露”，句子的主语是men，故可省略men are；主语men与feel

20、之间是主谓关系，故用现在分词形式。答案：B1就近一致原则(1)由or,either.or.,neither.nor.,not only.but also.等连接的并列主语，谓语动词常与最近的主语在单复数上保持一致。Either you or one of your students is to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.(摘自2009湖南高考)要么是你或者你的一名学生应该出席明天的会议。点津“with/along with/together with/including/but/except/like/as well as/besides/

21、rather than名词”置于主语后，谓语动词一般仍与前面的名词在单复数上保持一致。Mr.Smith,together with his wife and daughters,is going to visit Beijing this summer.(摘自2009陕西高考)史密斯先生和他的妻子、女儿们今年夏天将要一起参观北京。I think Tom,rather than you,is to blame for the accident.我认为是汤姆而不是你该为此事故负责任。(2)在由there,here引起的句子中，若主语不止一个时，谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。There i

22、s a pencil and two pens in the pencilbox.文具盒内有一支铅笔和两支钢笔。2意义一致原则(1)由连词and连接的并列成分指的是同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出现(不可分割的整体)，谓语动词用单数。The worker and writer is from Wuhan.那个工人兼作家来自武汉。A needle and thread was given to her,but she could not sew the button on.针线给了她，但她不会把纽扣缝起来。(2)“no/each/every/many a单数名词andno/each/every/man

23、y a单数名词”作主语，谓语动词用单数。Every man and every woman has a good reason to be proud of the work done by their fathers.每一个人都很有理由为他们的父亲所从事的职业感到骄傲。(3)非谓语动词、名词性从句作主语，谓语动词用单数。Persuading him to join us seems really hard.劝他加入我们看起来确实难。To go to bed early and to rise early is a good habit.早睡早起是一个好习惯。1(2011安徽高考)The fa

24、ctory used 65 percent of the raw materials,the rest of which _ saved for other purposes.Ais Bare Cwas Dwere解析：考查主谓一致和时态。句意：这家工厂使用了65%的原材料，其余的节省下来以作他用。后半句中的 the rest of which 中的which 指的是raw materials,所以谓语动词用复数，再结合前半句中的时态可判断D项正确。答案：D2(2011湖南高考)Onethird of the country _ covered with trees and the major

25、ity of the citizens _ black people.Ais;are Bis;is Care;are Dare;is 解析：考查主谓一致。在第一空中，onethird of the country 指“一个国家的三分之一”，后面的谓语动词应用单数形式。在第二空中，the majority 后面的citizens 为复数意义，故谓语动词用复数形式。句意：这个国家的三分之一被树覆盖，而且大多数公民是黑人。答案：A3(2012山西省运城市模拟)The day before yesterday the police including one officer _ searching f

26、or the murderer in that mountain.Ais BareCwas Dwere解析：考查主谓一致和时态。句意：前天警察包括一个警官在山上搜捕那个杀人犯。police为集体名词，作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。答案：D4(2012浙江金华期末考试)When and where to go for the onsalary holiday still _.Aare remained to decideBis remaining to decideCremain to be decidedDremains to be decided解析：考查主谓一致。when and where作主语时，常被看作一整体，谓语动词用单数，所以排除A、C两项。“某事有待被做”应用remain to be done表示。句意：什么时候去哪里带薪休假还有待于决定。故选D项。答案：D点击此图片进入