2013高考英语总复习优化课件（河南专用）：语法部分八（新人教版）.ppt

1、八、定语从句语法专项突破语法精讲考点整合考点一 关系代词引导的定语从句经典品味1(2011高考上海卷)Youll find taxis waiting at the bus station_you can hire to reach your host family.AwhichBwhereCwhen Das解析:选A.句意:在公共汽车站你会发现有出租车在那里等,你可以租(一辆)去主人家里.考查定语从句.空格处引导一宾语从句修饰先行词taxis,taxis在从句中作hire的宾语,关系代词应用which,故选A.2(2011高考四川卷)The school shop,_ customers a

2、re mainly students,is closed for the holidays.Awhich BwhoseCwhen Dwhere解析:选B.句意:这家校内商店放假时关门,它的顾客主要是学生.考查定语从句.本句没有并列连词也没有从属连词,故可判断逗号后面是非限制性定语从句;本句先行词是the school shop,还原到从句后为:The school shops customers are mainly students.因此选B,用whose引导定语从句,关系代词whose在从句中作定语.3(2011高考山东卷)The old town has narrow streets a

3、nd small houses_ are built close to each other.Athey BwhereCwhat Dthat解析:选D.句意:这个古老的小镇拥有建造得彼此靠得很近的狭窄街道和小房子.本题考查定语从句.先行词是narrow streets and small houses,还原到从句中作主语,所以用关系代词that.A和C不能引导定语从句;B是关系副词,不能作主语.4(2012南京金陵中学模拟)Several Western countries made a surprise attack on Libya,_caused widespread destructi

4、on and left many people dead and many suffering a lot.Awhere BthatCwhen Dwhich解析:选D.考查定语从句.which引导非限制性定语从句,指代前面句子的内容.要点浓缩1whose是一个表示所属关系的词,在定语从句中作定语,of which可以代替whose指物,词序一般是名词of which或of which名词.of whom可以代替whose指人,词序是名词of whom.(2009高考安徽卷)Many children,whose parents are away working in big cities,ar

5、e taken good care of in the village.父母亲在大城市里打工的许多孩子在村庄里被照顾的非常好.(2010高考陕西卷)The old temple whose roof was damaged in a storm is now under repair.那座在暴风雨中屋顶受损的古庙现在正在维修中.2which,that所代替的先行词是表示事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等.先行词既有人又有物时,关系代词用that;which代指前面整个句子内容.They talked for about an hour of things and people that

6、 they remembered in the school.关于他们记得的上学时的人和事,他们讨论了大约一小时.The Internet is a huge computer system which/that allows millions of people around the world to share information.因特网是一个庞大的计算机系统,它使得世界上成千上万的人们共享信息成为可能.3who,whom,that这些词代替的先行词是表示人的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等.(2010高考浙江卷)The settlement is home to nearly 1

7、,000 people,many of whom left their village homes for a better life in the city.近千人在这个社区居住,他们当中很多都是从农村老家来城市寻求更好的日子的.考点二 关系副词引导的定语从句经典品味1(2011高考天津卷)The days are gone _ physical strength was all you needed to make a living.AwhenBthatCwhere Dwhich解析:选A.本题考查定语从句的用法.句意:体力是谋生的唯一所需的时代一去不复返了.先行词为the days,将其

8、代入定语从句后为:On the days physical strength was all.由此可见先行词在定语从句中作时间状语,故用when引导.本题先行词与定语从句隔开,构成了“分割性定语从句”,增加了试题难度.2(2011高考陕西卷)I walked up to the top of the hill with my friends,_ we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake.Awhich BwhereCwho Dthat解析:选B.句意:我和朋友们一起登上山顶,从山顶上我们欣赏了湖光美景.本题考查定语从句.本句中没有并列连词也没有从属连词,故判断

9、逗号后为非限制性定语从句.先行词为the top of the hill,还原到从句后为:on the top of the hill we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake,由此可见先行词在从句中作地点状语,故选择B项where.3(2011高考安徽卷)Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator,_it will keep for two or three weeks.Awhen BwhichCwhere Dwhile解析:选C.本题考查定语从句.句意:无论剩下什么东西,都可以放到冰箱里,

10、在冰箱里食物可以保存两周到三周.本句中没有并列连词也没有从属连词,故判断逗号后为非限制性定语从句.先行词为refrigerator,代入定语从句后为:It will keep for two or three weeks in the refrigerator.由此可见先行词在定语从句中作地点状语,故答案为C项.要点浓缩1关系副词在定语从句中作状语,when指时间,where指地点,why指原因,在定语从句中分别作时间状语、地点状语和原因状语.Occasions are quite rare when I have time to spend a day with my kids.我有时间和孩

11、子们一起度过一天的机会很少.After graduation Id like to find a job where I can use what I have learnt at school.毕业后我要找到一份能利用在学校所学知识的一份工作.2先行词是时间名词或地点名词时,如果在从句中不作状语,则不能用when或where引导定语从句,而要用which/that.Is this the reason(that/which)he gave us for the delay of the project?这是他给出工程推迟的原因吗？考点三“介词which/whom”经典品味1(2011高考湖南

12、卷)Julie was good at German,French and Russian,all of_ she spoke fluently.AwhoBwhomCwhich Dthat解析:选C.句意:Julie擅长德语、法语和俄语,所有的(三门语言)她都说得很流利.先行词为German,French,Russian,代入定语从句后为:She spoke all of the three languages fluently.由此可见,先行词在定语从句中作of的宾语,先行词指“物”,且介词提前,故用which.2The engineer spoke highly of the govern

13、ments efforts,_he owed his safe return from Libya.Athrough which Bto whichCwith whom Dfor whom解析:选B.考查定语从句.先行词为the governments efforts,故应用关系代词which.owe sth.to.“把某事归功于”,故选B项.3(2012江苏省苏中三市联合调研)Shopping on the Internet has a lot of advantages,_the most important is perhaps its convenience.Aof which Bwh

14、oseCthat Din which解析:选A.考查定语从句.句意:在因特网上购物有很多优点,其中最重要的也许是它的便利.分析句子结构和语意可知,此处定语从句修饰advantages,表示其中的某一部分,故选择of which,也可以写成the most important of which.要点浓缩1与定语从句中的动词构成搭配.In the dark street,there wasnt a single person to whom she could turn for help.在漆黑的大街上没有一个人能为她提供帮助.2与定语从句所修饰的先行词构成搭配.Patience,without

15、which you cant do the work well,is a kind of quality.耐心是一种品质.没有了耐心,你不能做好工作.3ofwhich/whom表示所属关系.(表所属关系也可用whose)Recently I bought an ancient vase,the price of which(whose price)was very reasonable.最近我买了个古代的花瓶,它的价钱很合理.考点四 先行词为point,case,stage,situation等词时所构成的定语从句经典品味1(2012潍坊模拟训练)Our school has develope

16、d a learning system _ students can do a lot of teamwork.AthatBwhenCwhich Dwhere解析:选D.考查定语从句.先行词a learning system在定语从句中作地点状语,所以用关系副词where引导.2(2012河南省五市高三模拟)The media can often help solve problems and draw attention to situations_ help is needed.Athat BwhichCwhen Dwhere解析:选D.分析句子结构可知,本题考查定语从句的引导词,引导词在

17、定语从句中作地点状语,故用where,相当于in which.3(2012云南检测)Do you have anything to say for yourselves?Yes,theres one point_we must insist on.Awhy BwhereChow D/解析:选D.the point作介词on的宾语,因此应选用关系代词或者省略.要点浓缩point,situation,case,activity等,从表面上看它们不是表地点的,但却表示类似地点的意义,因此它们作先行词时,如果引导词在从句中作状语,那么这个引导词要用where;如果不作状语,则用关系代词that/whi

18、ch.Its helpful to put children in a situation where they can see themselves different.(where作状语)把孩子放在一个能使他们从另外一个角度认识自己的环境中对他们有益.(2009高考浙江卷)I have reached a point in my life where I am supposed to make decisions of my own.我已经到了应该自己作决定的那个人生阶段.Now there is just one point that/which I wish you make quite clear.(which/that作宾语)现在只有一点我希望你弄清楚.