2015-2016学年高二英语外研版选修8课件：MODULE 3 GRAMMAR 12 .ppt

1、Module 3Foreign Food Grammar 1&2Grammar 1 Grammar 1-Work in pairs.Look at the sentences and answer the questions about the underlined words or phrases.1.I thought this vast wave of food was the 2.total number of dishes to be served.3.2.Everyone else just tasted a bit of each 4.dish and then put thei

2、r chopsticks down.5.3.The first time I saw a three-year-old kid 6.cheerfully chewing a chickens head I had 7.bad dreams for weeks.4.At the counter there were colourfulmixtures in eight or nine big boxes.5.I still remember what I ate:a tuna fish and cheese sandwich.6.The things inside sandwiches and

3、baked potatoes are also various kinds of smashed food.(a)Can you find examples of theses parts of speech:adjectives numbers pronouns infinitive verbs nouns(b)Which words and phrases come before the nouns they describe and which comeafter it?adjectivesnumberspronounsinfinitive verbsnounsAnswers to pa

4、rt acolorful,big,three-year-old,bad,baked,mashed,vast,totaleight or nineeach,theirto be servedtuna,cheese,chickensAnswers to part bAdjectives,numbers,pronouns,nouns come before the nouns they describe while infinitves come after it.Grammar 1-Explanation一、概念：定语是用来修饰名词或代词的成分。定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，

5、汉语中常用“的”表示。充当定语的有:形容词、代词、名词、分词、介词短语或副词和从句。Attribute（定语）概念：定语是用来修饰名词或代词的成分。位置：前置定语：位于中心词前。（单个词或者复合词）后置定语：位于中心词之后。（词组或从句）另:修饰something,anything,nothing的单个形容词作定语时，也要后置。如：There is something wrong with my watch.前置定语中心词后置定语apena balla red ballon the tablethe nice red ballmade in china定语的种类 形容词作定语 代词作定语 数词

6、作定语 名词或名词所有格作定语 分词作定语 动词不定式作定语 介词短语作定语 副词作定语 词组或合成词作定语 从句作定语形容词作定语：小男孩需要一支蓝色的钢笔。The little boy needs a blue pen.(little 修饰名词 boy；blue修饰名词pen.)汤姆是个英俊的男孩。Tom is a handsome boy.数词作定语相当于形容词：两个男孩需要两支钢笔。Two boys need two pens.这两个男孩是学生。The two boys are students.房间里有两个男孩。There are two boys in the room.代词作定语

7、：他的名字是汤姆。His name is Tom.介词短语作定语：教室里的男孩需要你的一支钢笔。The boy in the classroom needs a pen of yours.穿蓝色衣服的孩子是汤姆。The boy in blue is Tom.教室里有两个9岁的，三个10岁的男孩。There are two boys of 9,and three of 10 In the classroom.名词作定语：男孩需要一支圆珠笔。The boy needs a ball pen.这是一支圆珠笔。It is a ball pen.这铅笔盒里只有一支圆珠笔。There is only on

8、e ball pen in the pencil box.副词作定语：那儿的男孩需要一支钢笔。The boy there needs a pen.这里最棒的男孩是汤姆。The best boy here is Tom.不定式作定语：写这封信的男孩需要一支钢笔。The boy to write this letter needs a pen.将要写这封信的男孩是汤姆。The boy to write this letter is Tom.今天无事要做。There is nothing to do today.分词(短语)作定语：那个微笑的男孩需要一支他妈妈买的钢笔。The smiling boy

9、 needs a pen bought by his mother.她买的笔是中国产的。The pen bought by her is made in China.有五个留下的男孩。There are five boys left.从句作定语即定语从句1.在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。2.定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词。3.引导定语从句的连词叫关系代词或关系副词。关系代词:who,whom,whose,that,which,as关系副词:when,where,why如果先行词是指人,用who,whom,whose,that引导定语从句。如果先行词是指物,用that,which,wh

10、ose 引导。关系代词:1.who指人,作主语或宾语(作宾语可略)。2.刚才我与之谈话的人是我们的老师。3.The man who I talked with is our 4.teacher.5.偷东西的人被叫做贼。6.A person who steals things is called a 7.thief.2.whom指人,作宾语(作宾语可省略,如介词提前则不能省)。我刚才对其点头的人是李先生。The man(whom/who)I nodded to is Mr.Li.The man to whom I nodded is Mr Li.3.which 指物,作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略,

11、如介词提前则不能省)。这就是去年种的那批树。These are the trees which were planted last year.他用的录音机是日本制造的。This recorder(which)he is using is made in Japan.这就是你从图书馆借的书吗？Is this the library(which)you borrow books from?这就是你借书的图书馆吗？Is this the library from which you borrow books?4.that 指人/物,作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略)。飞机是一种会飞的机器。A plane

12、is a machine that can fly.他就是我告诉过你的那个人。He is the man(that)I told you about.注意:介词提前时只能用which而不能用that。Is this the library from which you borrow books?from thatthat和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换,但在下列情况下,一般用that而不用which。(1)先行词为all,everything,nothing,something,anything,little,much等不定代词时。我确定她有一些你可以借的东西。I am sure sh

13、e has something that you can borrow.(2)先行词被all,every,no,some,any,little,much等修饰时。我读了所有的不是我的书。Ive read all the books that are not mine.(3)先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。这是他读的第一本书。This is the first book that he has read.(4)先行词被 the only,the very,the same修饰时。这是唯一一本属于他的书。This is the only book that belongs to him.在下列情况下

14、只用which,不用that。1.引导非限定性定语从句。2.直接作介词的宾语。3.避免与that重复。如：He worked on a short film,which won him a job as the youngest film director in the world.Many people were afraid to swim in the sea when they remembered the scenes in which people were eaten by the shark.This is the factory.I worked in the factory

15、 ten years ago.This is the factory where I worked ten years ago.The school is near a park.My son studies in this school.The school where my son studies is near a park.关系副词whereWe visited the house.Lusun once lived in the house.We visited the house where Lusun once lived.关系副词whenTheyll never forget J

16、uly 1.Hong Kong returned to its motherland on July 1.Theyll never forget July 1 when Hong Kong returned to its motherland.The days are gone forever.We used foreign oil during those days.The days when we used foreign oil are gone forever.There was a time.The businessman lost heart at that time.There

17、was a time when the businessman lost heart.when引导的定语从句修饰表示时间的名词,并在定语从句中作时间状语,相当于“介词+关系代词（which）”。我永远不会忘记我入团的那一天。Ill never forget the day when I joined the league.=Ill never forget the day on which I joined the league.We still remembered the days when we travelled together.=We still remembered the da

18、ys on which we travelled together.The time _ I first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life.whenwhere引导的定语从句修饰表示地点的名词,并在定语从句中作地点状语,相当于“介词+关系代词(which)”。这是我两年前居住过的房子。This is the house where I lived two years ago.This is the house in which I lived two years ago.Harvard is a world-fam

19、ous university_Wang An got his Doctors degree.The place _ we visited yesterday is a school for disabled children.which/thatHarvard is a world-famous university.There Wang An got his Doctors degreewhere位置：前置定语：位于中心词前。（单个词或者复合词）后置定语：位于中心词之后。（词组或从句）另:修饰 something,anything,nothing的单个形容词作定语时，也要后置。如：There

20、 is something wrong with my watch.1.The dinner party was a success.2.The dish contained fruits that I had never seen before.The dinner party was a complete success.The dish contained a number of strange-looking fruits.Grammar 12 Rewrite the sentences by using the words in the box.a number of strange

21、-looking complete green online some wonderful well-cooked3.There were smells coming from the kitchen.4.I only like meat.There were some wonderful smells coming from the kitchen.I only like well-cooked meat.5.Have you ever tried shopping using your computer?6.You should eat lots of vegetables.Theyre

22、good for you.Have you ever tried online shopping using your computer?You should eat lots of greenvegetables.Theyre good for you.1.Do you know the people who are coming to dinner tonight?2.These are the dishes which will be cooked tonight.Do you know the people coming to dinner tonight?These are the

23、dishes to be cooked tonight.Grammar 13 Rewrite the sentences.Use the infinitive,-ing form or ed form.3.I wanted to use the recipe that your mother recommended to me.4.You must come to the banquet which we will hold tomorrow.I wanted to use the recipe recommended by your mother.You must come to the b

24、anquet to be held tomorrow.5.The party we are going to hold tomorrow is very important;its my parents wedding anniversary.6.I like to cook dishes that contain a lot of vegetables.The party to be held tomorrow is very important.Its my parents wedding anniversary.I like to cook dishes containing a lot

25、 of vegetables.1.(NMET 1993)He dropped the _ and broke it.A.cup of coffee B.cup for coffee C.coffees cup D.coffee cup 2.(NMET 2001)The _ is just around the corner and you wont miss it.A.bicycles shop B.bicycle shop C.bicycles shop D.bicycles shop D BGrammar 14 Additional Exercises3.(1999 上海)There ar

26、e five pairs of shoes _,but Im at a loss which to buy.A.to be chosen B.to choose from C.to choose D.for choosing B4.(NMET1997)-How was your recent visit to Qingdao?-It was great.We visited some friends,and spent the _ days at the seaside.A.few last sunny B.last few sunny C.last sunny few D.few sunny

27、 last B5.(NMET 1998)If I had _,Id visit Europe,stopping at all the small interesting places.A.a long enough holiday B.an enough long holiday C.a holiday enough long D.a long holiday enough A6.(NMET2000)_ to take this adventure course will certainly learn a lot of useful skills.A.Brave enough student

28、s B.Enough brave students C.Students brave enough D.Students enough brave CGrammar 2Grammar 21 Look at the sentences.Answer the questions about the underlined words.Answer:(a)who(b)which/that(c)that(d)Sentence 3Grammar 22 Look at the sentences.Answer the questionsAnswer:(a)They refer to the nouns wh

29、ich precede(b)them.(c)(b)The ones in Sentences 1,2&4(defining(d)clauses)(c)The ones in Sentences 3&5(non-defining clauses)(d)A comma.Answer:(1)who/that (2)where(3)in which (4)that/which(5)How (6)whom(7)whose (8)whichGrammar 23 Complete the passage with the words in the boxGrammar 24 Rewrite the sent

30、ences and include the extra informationAnswers:(2)The company has 400 cooks,of whom 150 are women.(3)Tonga,which is also known as“the Friendly Islands”,is a Polynesian country which lies east of Australia.(4)Asparagus,which was appreciated by the Ancient Greeks,is best eaten at the beginning of summ

31、er.(5)Escoffier,who came from the south of France,was one of the greatest of all European chefs.Answer:1.Take-away food is food which is cooked in the outlet and which you then take home to eat.2.The perfect meal is the best possible meal which you can have.Grammar 25 Work in pairs.Define these thin

32、gs using attributive clauses.3.A good guest is the one who behaves politely.4.Table manners are something which everyone should have.5.The perfect host is someone who takes good care of the guests.定语从句专项练习1.The place _ interested me most was the Childrens Palace.A.which B.where C.what D.in which A。w

33、hich用作关系代词，在定语从句中作主语。2.Do you know the man _?A.whom I spoke B.to who spoke C.I spoke to D.that I spokeC。和谁讲话”要说speak to sb.本题全句应为Do you know the man whom I spoke to?。whom是关系代词，作介词to的宾语，可以省略。3.This is the hotel _ last month.A.which they stayed B.at that they stayed C.where they stayed at D.where they

34、 stayed D。where是关系副词，表示地点，相当于in which，在定语从句中作地点状语。4.Do you know the year _ the Chinese Communist Party was founded?A.which B.that C.when D.on which C。when是关系副词，表示时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。5.That is the day _ Ill never forget.A.which B.on which C.in which D.whenA。which是关系代词，在从句中作forget的宾语。其他几个答案都不能作宾语。6.Can you

35、 lend me the book _the other day?A.about which you talked B.which you talkedC.about that you talked D.that you talked A。“谈到某事物”应说talk about sth.。about是介词，其后要用which作宾语，不能用that。7.The pen _ he is writing is mine.A.with which B.in which C.on which D.by which A。with which是“介词+关系代词”结构,常用来引导定语从句。with有“用”的意

36、思,介词之后只能用which,不能用that。with which在定语从句中作状语,即he is writing with a pen。8.Is there anyone in your class _ family is in the country?A.who B.whos C.which D.whose D。whose引导定语从句,在从句中作主语family的定语。9.Im interested in _ you have said.A.all that B.all what C.that D.whichA。that引导定语从句,因为先行词是all，所以只能选用that引导。10.Th

37、e letter is from my sister,_ is working in Beijing.A.which B.that C.whom D.whoD。who引导非限制性定语从句,who作从句的主语。1.She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students _ allows them to communicate freely with each other.（2011福建）A.which B.where C.what D.who 高考链接A 2.Whatever is left over may be put into

38、the refrigerator,_ it will keep for two or three weeks.（2011安徽）A.when B.which C.where D.while3.Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others,_,of course,made all the others upset.（2011北京）A.who B.which C.what D.thatCB 4.The days are gone _ physical strength was all you needed to make a livi

39、ng.(2011 天津)A.when B.that C.where D.which 5.She showed the visitors around the museum,the construction _ had taken more than three years.(2011 江西)Afor which B.with which Cof which D.to whichAC 6.Julia was good at German,French and Russian,all of _ she spoke fluently.(2011湖南)A.who B.whom C.which D.th

40、at 7.The school shop,_ customers are mainly students,is closed few the holidays.(2011四川)A.which B.whose C.when D.whereCB8.（2012重庆卷）Sales director is a position _ communication ability is just as important as sales themselves.A.which B.that C.when D.whereD9.（2012湖南卷）Care of the soul is a gradual proc

41、ess _ even the small details of life should be considered.A.what B.in what C.which D.in whichD10.（2012福建卷）The air quality in the city,_ is shown in the report,has improved over the past two months.A.that B.it C.as D.whatC 11.（2012上海卷）Have you sent thank-you notes to the relatives from _ you received

42、 gifts?A.which B.them C.that D.whomD 12.（2012浙江卷）Ellen was a painter of birds and of nature,_,for some reason,had withdrawn from all human society.A.which B.who C.where D.whomB13.His parents wouldnt let him marry anyone _ family was poor.(MET88)A.of whom B.whom C.of whose D.whose D For more exercise,click here.Homework1.Revise what you have learnt 2.during this period of class.3.2.Get ready for the next period.Goodbye!