2022版新高考人教版英语一轮复习课时练：21 必修5　UNIT 1　GREAT SCIENTISTS WORD版含解析.doc

1、课时提能练(二十一) 必修5Unit 1Great scientistsA：知识层面.语境语法填空A(考查派生词)An 1announcement (announce) was made yesterday, saying that Mr. Watson was awarded a prize for his 2contribution (contribute) to environmental protection. How to stop the air being polluted is a 3challenging (challenge) task facing society tod

2、ay. Mr. Watson began to work on air 4pollution (pollute) problems at age 24 and has been showing great 5enthusiasm (enthusiastic) for his work. He thinks governments should take 6responsibility (responsible) for the worsening air quality. He often gives specific instructions in the 7construction (co

3、nstruct) of power stations, warning that people should be 8cautious (caution) in producing electricity from coal.B(考查动词)The tennis match 9concluded (conclude) after three days fierce competition. Andy ranked first by 10defeating (defeat) all the other players. 11Being exposed (expose) to the strong

4、sunlight for over two hours every day made him very exhausted, but he felt happy. When he 12was announced (announce) to win the title, he burst into tears. His wife and son were invited 13to attend (attend) the awarding ceremony. They were proud of Andy, saying that all his efforts 14had contributed

5、 (contribute) to his success. So far, this match 15has absorbed (absorb) much attention from Asia, America and Europe.C(考查句型)Mrs. Brown didnt know who 16to blame (blame) for the stolen antique vase. She lived in a big house with a strong fence 17surrounding (surround) it. Every time she left home sh

6、e would have all the windows and doors 18locked (lock). The robber must 19have been (be) very smart and intelligent, for neither the alarm 20nor her dog made a sound when he slipped in. Only 21if the police arrested the robber did she know if she could get back the expensive vase.根据提示补全句子 1我既没有去看那场足

7、球赛，也不关心它的结果。Neither did I go to watch the football match nor did I care its result.2在你回来之前，我已经把所有的错误都改正过了。(have sth. done)Before you came back，I had had all my mistakes corrected3大学期间，除了英语外，他还要学一门外语。Apart from English，he had to study another foreign language while in college.4妈妈站在身后，小女孩感到很安全。The lit

8、tle girl felt very safe with her mother standing behind her5无论怎么读，我都不理解这个句子。No matter how I read it，this sentence doesnt make any sense to meB：能力层面.阅读理解AAndrew Grey doesnt fit most peoples idea of an astronomer.He works in a car repair shop，not in a lab or university，yet the Australian repairman dis

9、covered a star system hiding in data from NASAs Kepler space telescope.Mr.Grey is one of millions of citizen scientists helping researchers to expand collective understanding.For centuries，only a few ordinary people had been contributing to science，but advances in technology have brought a higher le

10、vel of democratization(民主化)to science.“This is a collaborative(合作的)effort that anyone could get involved in，”says Chris Lintott，an Oxford University astrophysicist(天体物理学家)and cofounder of Zooniverse，a platform that hosts dozens of citizen science projects.Citizen scientists can contribute to breakth

11、roughs in almost any field，from ecology to astrophysics.“As long as pattern recognition is involved，there are no limits to what can become a citizen science project，”Lintott says.“Anyone can identify patterns in images，graphs，or even seemingly boring data after a short tutorial.Machine learning allo

12、ws computers to do some pattern recognition.But humans，particularly amateur scientists，dont stay focused on what theyre supposed to.And thats good，because people who do that notice the unusual things in a data set.”“And citizen science doesnt have to be directed by a scientist，”says Sheila Jasanoff，

13、director of the Program on Science，Technology and Society at Harvard University.“Citizens producing knowledge in places where official organs have failed then can also be citizen scientists，”she says.Thats what happened in Flint，Michigan，when a local mother started drinking water tests that caused a

14、 broader investigation of lead levels.Citizenpowered research is as old as scientific inquiry.For centuries before science became professionalized，regular people looked for patterns in the world around them.Despite a lot of advanced equipment and computer models，scientists still welcome help from ev

15、eryday people.As a professional scientist himself，Lintott says，“People think that were intelligent，but science is easy and we need your help.”【语篇解读】数个世纪以来，只有少数普通人为科学作出了贡献。但科技的进步已经为科学带来了更高水平的民主化，科学是任何人都能参与的，每个人都有可能成为科学家。1What made citizen scientists appear?AThe high level of science projects.BThe dev

16、elopment of technology.CThe support of the government.DThe foundation of Zooniverse.B细节理解题。根据第二段中的“only a few ordinary people.to science”可知，科技的进步为科学带来了更高水平的民主化，从而使更多的普通人也能参与科学研究，促成了公民科学家的出现，故选B。2What is a advantage of humans in pattern recognition compared with machines?AHumans can identify patterns

17、 more swiftly.BHumans focus their attention on data.CHumans can observe uncommon things.DHumans have stronger emotions.C细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句“And thats good，because people who do that notice the unusual things in a data set”可知，在模式识别方面，人类与机器相比，人类的优势在于其能够注意到一些不寻常的东西，故C项正确。3What is Lintotts attitude towards

18、citizen science?AFavorable.BCautious.CIndifferent.DDoubtful.A观点态度题。根据第三段Lintott表述的科学人人都能参与，第四段他表述的公民科学家有自身的优势和尾段中他说的话“People think that were intelligent，but science is easy and we need your help”可推知，Lintott支持公民科学，故选A。4What would be the best title of the text?ACitizen Scientists Can Be IntelligentBSc

19、ience Is Important to EveryoneCAnyone Can Be a ScientistDScience Is EverywhereC标题归纳题。文章第一段以表述澳大利亚汽车修理工Andrew Grey成为公民科学家来引入话题，接着又讲到天体物理学家Chris Lintott和Sheila Jasanoff对于公民科学家的看法，并结合倒数第二段中的“scientists still welcome help from everyday people”可知，本文主要肯定了公民科学家，表达了任何人都可能成为科学家的观点，故C项最适合作文章标题。B(2020广东省七校联合体第

20、二次联考)We live in an age of information.All the information should allow us to make informed，datadriven decisions all the time.But this does not mean that you actually use all the information even if you have it.In fact，people readily make snap judgements in a variety of situations.People form lasting

21、 impressions of others within a second and consumers make shopping decisions based on little consideration.In a recent study，we asked participants to imagine having pleasant or unpleasant talks with another person.For comparison，we asked another group of participants to consider how many of those ta

22、lks they would need to determine someones character.We found that people believed they would need many talks to make this judgement，while in fact the first group needed few.In another study，we asked some students to write applications for some positions，and then asked actual HR people to read their

23、material.The students wrote much more material than the recruiters cared to read.There are several reasons why people might have the wrong impression about making judgements.One possibility is the belief that the human mind processes information incrementally (递增地)，considering that new information i

24、s added to old information until some mental level is reached for making a decision.In reality，however，the first few pieces of information weigh(有影响)much more heavily than the later information.Sometimes quick decisions are accurate and can save time.However，they may sometimes lead to misunderstandi

25、ngs.Imagine a situation in which a manager with limited information forms an opinion of an employee he is unsure about.A manager who sees an employee make a small misstep (错误)in an unimportant project may avoid offering him challenging projects in the future，which in turn would affect this employees

26、 career development.Modern technology allows any decision made today to be more informed than the same decision made a few decades ago.But the human reliance on quick judgements may avoid this promise.In the exploration for more informed decisionmaking，researchers will need to explore ways to encour

27、age people to slow down the judgement.【语篇解读】我们生活在信息时代，我们掌握的信息使我们作出有依据的、数据导向的决定。但有时我们并不依据这些信息作决定，这样作出的决定有时可能会导致不好的结果。5Whats the meaning of the underlined word“snap”in Paragraph 1?ASlow.BNegative.CQuick.DSatisfying.C词义猜测题。根据第一段最后一句中的“within a second”和“based on little consideration”可知，“snap judgments”指

28、的是仓促的判断，由此可知，画线词的含义与quick的含义相近。故选C。6The studies in Paragraph 2 suggest that when people make judgements，they _Aare easily influenced by their current moodsBprefer to communicate with people they trustCtend to learn from their previous experiencesDactually use less information than expectedD细节理解题。根据第

29、二段第三句可知，最近的这项研究发现，人们认为他们需要很多次谈话才能作出这样的判断，而实际上第一组参与者只需要很少的谈话；根据第二段最后一句可知，另一项研究表明学生们写的申请材料比招聘人员尽力看的多得多。由此可知，这两个研究表明当人们作判断的时候，他们实际上使用的信息比所期望的要少。故选D。7What can we know according to Paragraph 3?AGood thinking habits help improve mental health.BEarly information contributes more to decisionmaking.CNew info

30、rmation is more important for knowledge development.DOld and new information will combine to create careful judgements.B细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知，实际上，前几条信息比后来的信息的影响要大得多。由此可知，在作判断的时候，早期信息的影响力度更大。故选B。8What does the example in Paragraph 4 show?ADecisions based on less information can lead to harmful results.BW

31、e can make progress by challenging ourselves.CExcellent employees are good at analyzing information.DGood communication skills are necessary for an able manager.A推理判断题。根据第四段第一、二句可知，迅速作出的决定有时可能会导致误解；由下文紧接着举例来说明这一情况可推知，这个例子表明，基于较少信息作出的决定可能导致有害的结果。故选A。.完形填空(2020山东济南三模)The lions and leopards(豹) of a nat

32、ional park in India normally do not get along.They 1 each other for space and food.But about a year ago，a young lioness in the park 2 a baby leopard. The 2monthold baby with brown ears and blue eyes was 3 ，and the lioness spent weeks nursing， 4 and caring for him until he died.She treated him as if

33、he were one of her own two sons，who were about the same age.This was a 5 case of crossspecies adoption in the wild，and the only documented example involving animals that are normally 6 7 ，the park workers thought the association would be brief，but this went on.The family were 8 to tour the park.The

34、lioness took care of the baby，and 9 meat that she hunted.The new brothers played with him and occasionally followed him up trees.This unlikely 10 was surely amazing. Although this adoption was puzzling，it highlights the 11 between the two species.Until they reach young adulthood，when social differen

35、ces 12 ，lions and leopards play and beg for milk in similar ways.For this lioness，she may have 13 the babys more leopardlike featureshis smell，size and spotted appearance.He just jumped in.The 14 of the inter species adoption in the wild would be sweet enough for a childrens book，yet 15 enough to at

36、tract scientists.【语篇解读】本文介绍了一个罕见的野外跨物种领养案例，一只母狮子收养了一只两个月大的小豹，并一直悉心照料它，喂养它，直到它死去。1Aput up withBtake advantage ofCdepend onDfight withD根据上文“The lions and leopards of a national park in India normally do not get along.”可知，狮子和豹通常不会和睦相处。由此可推知，他们会为空间和食物相互斗争，fight with意为“与斗争”，故选D项。put up with意为“忍受”；take ad

37、vantage of意为“利用”；depend on意为“依赖；取决于”。2AscaredBadoptedCspottedDattackedB根据第二段中的“She treated him as if he were one of her own two sons，who were about the same age.”可知，年轻的母狮收养了一只小豹，adopt意为“收养；采纳”，故选B项。scare意为“使害怕”；spot意为“发现”；attack意为“攻击”。3AlazyBbraveCweakDdangerousC根据上文The 2monthold baby可知，小豹才两个月大，结合下文

38、until he died可猜出幼豹很虚弱，weak意为“虚弱的”，故选C项。lazy意为“懒惰的”；brave意为“勇敢的”；dangerous意为“危险的”。4AfeedingBcheckingCfollowingDdressingA根据设空处后的and caring for him until he died可推知，母狮子给小豹喂食、照顾它直到它死去，feed意为“喂养”，故选A项。check意为“检查”；follow意为“跟随；听从”；dress意为“给穿衣”。5AsimpleBtypicalCfamousDrareD根据下文and the only documented exampl

39、e可知，野外跨物种领养是很罕见的案例，rare意为“罕见的；稀有的”，故选D项。simple意为“简单的”；typical意为“典型的”；famous意为“著名的”。6AfriendsBcompetitorsCpartnersDneighborsB根据第一段首句The lions and leopards of a national park in India normally do not get along.可知，狮子和豹子本来是竞争对手，competitor意为“竞争对手”，故选B项。friend意为“朋友”；partner意为“伙伴”；neighbor意为“邻居”。7AInitiall

40、yBLuckilyCCertainlyDUnexpectedlyA根据设空处后的association would be brief，but this went on可知，起初公园工作人员认为这种关系会很短暂，但这种情况继续下去了，initially意为“起初”，故选A项。luckily意为“幸运地”；certainly意为“当然”；unexpectedly意为“意想不到地”。8AexpectedBobservedCpersuadedDpushedB根据设空处后描写的母狮子和幼崽这一家子在公园里活动的场景可推知，它们是被注意到了，observe意为“注意到；观察”，故选B项。expect意为“

41、期待”；persuade意为“说服”；push意为“推”。9AcookedBpackedCsharedDburnedC根据上文The lioness took care of the baby可知，母狮子会给小豹分享自己猎取到的肉，share意为“分享”，故选C项。cook意为“烹饪”；pack意为“包装”；burn意为“燃烧”。10AexperienceBaffairCagreementDconnectionD根据上下文语境，这两个物种本来是竞争对手，结果母狮子却收养了一只小豹还组成了一个家庭，可以推知这种看起来不可能的联系让人觉得不可思议，connection意为“联系；连接”，故选D项。

42、experience意为“经历”；affair意为“事情”；agreement意为“协议”。11AcommunicationBsimilaritiesCbehaviorDdifferencesB根据下文lions and leopards play and beg for milk in similar ways可知，这两个物种之间存在一定的相似性，similarity意为“相似性”，故选B项。communication意为“交流”；behavior意为“行为”；difference意为“不同”。12AemergeBremainCrecoverDsurviveA根据上文Until they r

43、each young adulthood，when social differences和下文play and beg for milk in similar ways可知，幼狮和幼豹以相似的方式喝奶和玩耍，但是进入成年期后，他们的社会差异就会显现出来，emerge意为“显现”，故选A项。remain意为“保持”；recover意为“恢复”；survive意为“幸存”。13AcomparedBdislikedCignoredDprotectedC根据上文Until they reach young adulthood，when social differences.in similar way

44、s.可知母狮子收养小豹是因为她忽略了小豹更像豹子的特征，ignore意为“忽视”，故选C项。compare意为“比较”；dislike意为“不喜欢”；protect意为“保护”。14AincidentBprocessCreportDtaleD根据下文for a childrens book可知，野生动物间的跨物种领养更像是会出现在儿童读物里的故事，tale意为“故事”，故选D项。incident意为“事件”；process意为“过程”；report意为“报告”。15AstrangeBcaringCreliableDmovingA根据第二段中的This was a _ case of crossspecies adoption in the wild可知，跨物种领养是罕见且奇怪的，能够吸引科学家，strange意为“奇怪的；陌生的”，故选A项。caring意为“关心他人的”；reliable意为“可靠的”；moving意为“感人的”。