2021版高考英语一轮复习 核心素养测评三十八 选修8 Unit 3 Inventors and inventions（含解析）新人教版.doc

1、核心素养测评 三十八选修8 Unit 3Inventors and inventions(限时35分钟). 阅读理解AThe biggest challenge faced by travelers, especially those who like to have a backpacking trip is how to ensure a steady supply of clean clothes. Now, thanks to a great invention called Scrubba Wash Pack, that worry may be a thing of the pas

2、t. The portable washing machine was invented by Ash Newland in 2010, while he was planning to climb Mt. Kilimanjaro. Struck by the limited packing space, he got inspiration from traditional washboards to create a bag that could be used to clean clothes. Then he quitted his career as a lawyer and foc

3、used on perfecting the bags design. By 2012, the bag was ready for the public. It weighed only 180 grams and required very little storage space, making it perfect for anyone wishing to travel light. Not surprisingly, the bag which was worth 55 dollars was an instant hit with travelers, university st

4、udents and even passengers. However, Newland was not satisfied. He still saw a disadvantage of his inventiondirty clothes had to be carried around in a separate bag! The recently introduced Scrubba Wash Pack solves that problem. In order to make the pack active, dirty clothes are placed inside the b

5、ag along with two or three liters of water. The bag is then shut tightly to ensure all air is squeezed out and the colors are massaged for a few minutes. After a quick wash, they are clean and ready to be dried. According to Newland, the pack can clean anything from jeans to smelly socks! Whats even

6、 more amazing is that with a capacity to hold 13 liters of water, it can be used to wash more clothes at a time. The best part is that the 99-dollar pack that will be available for sale later this year, only weighs 300 grams and is completely foldable, making it easy to store when its not in use. Wi

7、th the Scrubba Wash Pack, wandering through foreign cities searching for a washing shop, or paying for washing machines may soon be a thing of the past!【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了Ash Newland的个人经历激发了他创造Scrubba Wash Pack, 这使得旅行者所担心的洗衣服问题即将成为过去。1. What led Ash Newland to create the Scrubba Wash Pack?A. His jo

8、b requirements. B. A traditional washboard. C. His interest in invention. D. His personal experience. 【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第二段的Struck by the limited packing space, he got inspiration from traditional washboards to create a bag that could be used to clean clothes. 被有限的包装空间所震撼, 他从传统的洗衣板中得到灵感, 创造了一个可以用来清洗衣服的

9、袋子。可知Ash Newland的个人经历使其有了创造Scrubba Wash Pack的想法, 故D选项正确。2. Why wasnt Ash Newland satisfied with his former invention?A. Clothes couldnt be washed well. B. The invention was not so convenient. C. The bag couldnt contain enough water. D. The cost of the invention was very high. 【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第三段的Howe

10、ver, Newland was not satisfied. He still saw a disadvantage of his inventiondirty clothes had to be carried around in a separate bag! 可知他认为他的发明有一个缺点脏衣服必须放在一个单独的袋子里随身携带, 所以他认为他先前的发明不太方便, 故选择B项。3. It can be inferred that the improved Scrubba Wash Pack _. A. turns to be much environmentally friendlier.

11、 B. will replace the traditional washing machines. C. will be widely used by more travelers in the future. D. can encourage more people to travel a long distance. 【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据最后一段的With the Scrubba Wash Pack, wandering through foreign cities searching for a washing shop, or paying for washing mach

12、ines may soon be a thing of the past!有了Scrubba洗衣袋, 在外国城市里闲逛, 寻找洗衣店, 或者购买洗衣机, 可能很快就会成为过去!可推知Scrubba Wash Pack将在未来被更多的旅行者广泛使用, 故选择C项。4. What is the best title of this passage?A. A thing of the past: Travelers worry of washing clothes. B. The Scrubba Wash PackA bag free of washing. C. The development o

13、f a great invention. D. How to design a new pack for travelers. 【解析】选A。主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段, 可知旅行者所担心的洗衣服问题即将成为过去, 故选择A项。【知识拓展】佳词积累1. portableadj. 便携式的;轻便的2. inspirationn. 灵感;启示3. quitv. 放弃;离任4. hitv. /n. 击打;袭击;成功5. tightlyadv. 紧紧地6. capacityn. 能力;容量7. foldableadj. 可折叠的 BRISE is an exciting project design

14、ed and led by young people, for young people. Created by St John Ambulance, the nations leading first aid charity, the project is now available in communities across the country. If youre aged between 16 and 25 years old, and are not in employment, education or training, RISE could help you learn ne

15、w skills, and improve your prospects. What youll learnSt John Ambulance believes that everyone should have access to first aid, and we are devoted to equipping as many people as possible with the skills to be the difference between life and death. As a participant, youll learn first aid through our

16、Stick-it sessions, and also get the opportunity to develop new skills, giving you the confidence to train others in your community, or the qualifications in youth leadership you need to get your career up and running. Choosing the right path for youAt the heart of the RISE project is a commitment to

17、 peer-to-peer learning. As well as being taught first aid, youll be given the skills and guidance to pass your knowledge onto other people in your community. RISE offers you the chance to gain a lot of qualifications and to choose a path that helps you make the most of your talents. Stick-it: Our on

18、e-day introduction to first aid focuses on gun and knife related injuries. Youll find out how to manage an incident and learn some of the most commonly needed first aid skills. First aid: Youll focus on CPR(心肺复苏术), bleeding and dealing with an emergency situation on this six-hour course. Keeping chi

19、ldren safe: A course designed for those who come into contact with children through their work or leisure activities. This short programme works by helping individuals to understand the unusual role they play in keeping children safe from harm. Basic skills in youth work: This course provides an int

20、roduction to St John Ambulance and is the minimum qualification for a youth leadership role within the organization. 【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了“RISE”这个项目的相关内容。5. It can be learned from the text that RISE _. A. was set up by a middle-aged personB. plays an important role in tradeC. has much experience in tea

21、chingD. offers first aid training【解析】选D。推理判断题。由第一段“the nations leading first aid charity”和“RISE could help you learn new skills, and improve your prospects. ”可知, RISE提供急救培训。故D选项正确。6. What can we learn about the project?A. It ensures the trainees good jobs. B. It tries to train as many people as poss

22、ible. C. It educates people to face death properly. D. It focuses on leadership qualities and skills. 【解析】选B。细节理解题。由What youll learn中的“and we are devoted to equipping as many people as possible with the skills to be the difference between life and death”可知, 它努力训练尽可能多的人。故B选项正确。7. The text is mainly a

23、bout _. A. advantages of taking the coursesB. tips on how to give first aidC. a guidance on how to give first aidD. an introduction to some first-aid courses【解析】选D。主旨大意题。通读全文, 尤其是“Stick-it;First aid;Keeping children safe;Basic skills in youth work”可知, 文章主要是关于一些急救课程的介绍。故D选项正确。8. Where does the text m

24、ost probably come from?A. A science magazine. B. A book review. C. A community website. D. A business report. 【解析】选C。推理判断题。由第一段“Created by St John Ambulance, the nations leading first aid charity, the project is now available in communities across the country. ”和文中多次出现的“community”, 可知这篇文章最可能来自社区网站。故

25、C选项正确。【知识拓展】长难句分析1. Created by St John Ambulance, the nations leading first aid charity, the project is now available in communities across the country. 分析: Created. . . 是状语。翻译: 这个项目由圣约翰救伤会创建, 是全国顶尖的急救慈善组织, 现在在全国社区都可使用。2. As a participant, youll learn first aid through our Stick-it sessions, and als

26、o get the opportunity to develop new skills, giving you the confidence to train others in your community, or the qualifications in youth leadership you need to get your career up and running. 分析: to develop. . . 是定语, 修饰opportunity。翻译: 作为一个参与者, 你可以通过我们的Stick-it部分学到急救知识, 还有机会发展新的技巧, 让你在训练社区人员时充满信心, 或者

27、给你使你的事业得到发展和运行的青年领导资格。. 阅读填句Public Speaking TrainingGet a coach1, so get help. Since there are about a billion companies out there all ready to offer you public speaking training and courses, here are some things to look for when deciding the training thats right for you. Focus on positivesAny train

28、ing you do to become more effective at public speaking should always focus on the positive aspects of what you already do well. Nothing can hurt confidence more than being told that you arent doing well. 2, so good public speaking training should develop those instead of telling you what you shouldn

29、t do. 3If you find a public speaking course that looks as though its going to give you lots of dos and donts, walk away! Your brain is so full of what youre going to be talking about. 4. As far as were concerned, there are basically no hard and fast rules about public speaking. Your audience can be

30、your friends. You are a special person not a cloneMost importantly, good public speaking training should treat you as a special one, with your own personal habits. 5. Your training course should help you bring out your personality, not try to turn you into someone youre not. A. You arent like anybod

31、y elseB. You already do lots of things wellC. Turn your back on too many rulesD. Practise speaking whenever possibleE. Whatever the presentation, public speaking is toughF. The one thing you dont want is for them to fall asleepG. So trying to force a whole set of rules into it will just make things

32、worse【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了进行公共演讲的训练要点。你可以找到一个教练帮助你进行公共演讲训练, 也可以参加公共演讲训练课, 并且指出应该找到适合自己的培训机构。1. 【解析】选E。据下一句中的ready to offer you public speaking training and courses(准备为你提供公开演讲训练和课程)可知开头说的是与public speaking(公开演讲)有关的问题, E项: Whatever the presentation, public speaking is tough. 无论什么样的演讲, 公开演讲都很难。符合文意, 故选E。

33、2. 【解析】选B。本题位于段中, 通过上下文得出选项。后一句so good public speaking training should develop those与空格形成因果关系, 所以空格中应表达“很多事你已经做得很好了”的含义, B项: You already do lots of things well你已经很好地做了很多事情了。符合文意, 故选B。3. 【解析】选C。本题位于段首, 为整段的主旨大意。本段第一句中提到lots of dos and donts, walk away可知如果培训讲太多的条条框框的话, 要对条条框框说不, C项: Turn your back on

34、too many rules对太多的规矩说不。符合文意, 故选C。4. 【解析】选G。上句Your brain is so full of what youre going to be talking about, 可知后一空与前一句形成因果关系, 脑子里装满了条条框框只会使情况变得更糟。G项: So trying to force a whole set of rules into it will just make things worse. 因此试图将一整套规则强行纳入其中只会使事情变得更糟。符合文意, 故选G。5. 【解析】选A。根据主题句You are a special perso

35、n not a clone(你是一个特别的人而不是一个克隆人)以及本空上句中treat you as a special one, with your own personal habits(把你当作一个特别的人, 有你自己的习惯)可以得出答案You arent like anybody else(你是与众不同的)。故选A。. 应用文写作为积极推进校园文化建设, 学校向学生征集“金点子”。假如你是李华, 请给学校校园文化建设负责人王老师写一封信, 提一个“金点子”并简述理由。注意: 1. 词数80左右, 开头已为你写好, 不计入总词数;2. 可适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯。Dear Mr Wa

36、ng, Hearing that our school is asking for students ideas in order to promote the campus cultural construction, _Yours sincerely, Li Hua【参考范文】Dear Mr Wang, Hearing that our school is asking for students ideas in order to promote the campus cultural construction, I am going to put forward one of mine.

37、 From my perspective, we should put up celebrities photos with their introduction and quotes on some of our school walls. The merits of this practice are evident. Firstly, it can create a cultural atmosphere, making the campus more attractive. Secondly, these photos can hopefully serve as spiritual motivation for us students and thus stimulate us to study harder or even make a commitment to contributing in different fields. I would appreciate it if you could adopt my proposal. Yours sincerely, Li Hua