2021版高考英语一轮复习 核心素养测评二十九 选修6 Unit 4 Global warming（含解析）新人教版.doc

1、核心素养测评 二十九选修6 Unit 4Global Warming(限时35分钟). 阅读理解AThese days everyone is worried about the size of their carbon footprint. In order to reduce global warming, we need to make our carbon footprints smaller. But how much CO2 are we responsible for?A new book by Mike Berners-Lee (a leading expert in carb

2、on foot-printing) might be able to help. The Carbon Footprint of Everything looks at the different things we do and buy, and calculates the amount of CO2 they produce, including the ingredients, the electricity, the equipment, the transport and the packaging. And its frightening how much carbon diox

3、ide everything produces. But all of this can help us decide which beer to drink. From Berners-Lees calculations, its clear that a pint (568 ml) of locally-brewed (酿制的) beer has a smaller carbon footprint than a bottle of imported beer. This is because the imported beer has been transported from far

4、away, and it uses more packaging. The local beer only produces 300g of CO2-but the imported beer produces 900g! So, one pint of local beer is better for the environment than three cans of cheap foreign beer from the supermarket. Berners-Lee has even calculated the carbon footprint of cycling to work

5、. Nothing is more environmentally-friendly than riding a bike, surely? Well, it depends on what youve had to eat before. To ride a bike we need energy and for energy we need food. So, if we eat a banana and then ride a kilometer and a half, our footprint is 65 g of CO2. However, if we eat bacon befo

6、re the bike ride, its 200 g. In fact, bananas are good in general because they dont need packaging. They can be transported by boat and they grow in natural sunlight. So, does this mean that cycling is bad for the environment? Absolutely not. If you cycle, you dont use your car; and the fewer cars o

7、n the road, the fewer traffic jams. And cars in traffic jams produce three times more CO2 than cars travelling at speed. Cycling also makes you healthy and less likely to go to a hospital. And hospitals have very big carbon footprints!So, maybe its time for us all to start making some changes. Pass

8、me a banana and a pint of local beer, please. 【文章大意】这是一篇议论文。文章作者鼓励大家采取行动, 减少温室气体的排放, 并说明了一些具体的做法。1. Which of the following produces the smallest carbon footprints?A. A pint of local beer. B. A bottle of imported beer. C. A banana before a 1. 5 km bike ride. D. Bacon before a 1. 5 km bike ride. 【解析】选

9、C。细节理解题。根据文章第三段The local beer only produces 300g of CO2-but the imported beer produces 900g!和第四段So, if we eat a banana and then ride a kilometer and a half, our footprint is 65g of CO2. However, if we eat bacon before the bike ride, its 200g。故选C。2. According to the article, the author suggests choos

10、ing the local food because it is _. A. more tastyB. easier to buyC. better packagedD. more energy-saving【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据第三段So, one pint of local beer is better for the environment than three cans of cheap foreign beer from the supermarket. 可知一品脱本地啤酒比超市里三罐便宜的外国啤酒更环保。由此推断出, 作者建议选择当地的啤酒, 因为它更节能, 更环保, 故选

11、D。3. The purpose of writing this article is to _. A. promote a new bookB. advertise the imported beerC. instruct how to measure the carbon footprintD. encourage people to reduce the production of CO2【解析】选D。目的意图题。根据最后一段So, maybe its time for us all to start making some changes. Pass me a banana and a

12、 pint of local beer, please. 所以, 也许是时候让我们所有人开始做出一些改变了。请递给我一根香蕉和一品脱当地啤酒。可知文章是鼓励大家采取行动, 减少温室气体的排放, 故选D。【知识拓展】佳词积累1. ingredientn. 成分2. importvt. 进口3. environmentally-friendlyadj. 环保的【长难句分析】This is because the imported beer has been transported from far away, and it uses more packaging. 分析: 本句是一个复合句。bec

13、ause引导的是表语从句。译文: 这是因为进口的啤酒是从很远的地方运来的, 所以需要更多的包装。 B “Two thousand meals packed, ” announced Stephanie De La Hoz. All 75 middle school volunteers cheered as they continued to package dried rice, soy, and spices. That was the scene at a food packaging event earlier this month at my school in Celebratio

14、n, Florida. Rise Against Hunger, a global nonprofit organization, was founded in 1998. The organization provides millions of dried meals each year for people in need around the world. More than 800 million people worldwide do not get the basic nutrition they need to be able to work or attend school.

15、 There are many causes to this food insecurity, including wars, natural disasters, and droughts. Rise Against Hunger seeks to help people rebuild their lives. “Every school is open to contact Rise Against Hunger to set up an event, ” explained Angela Wydra, PTA president of Celebration K-8 School. “

16、Once you contact them, Rise helps organize every part of the process. ” Wydra initiated the volunteer event at Celebration. When members of Rise arrive at a school, they set up lines of student volunteers and explain exactly what to do. Each student is given just one task, such as pouring cups of ri

17、ce or sealing bags. If you get tired of a particular job, you can switch to another station. “You definitely have to work as a team, ” said Erin, a student volunteer. “It was fun. Before I knew it, we had reached another 1, 000-meal mark. ” “Just getting out and laughing and working with my friends

18、and family were really fun, ” said Bobby Spina, a middle school volunteer at Celebration. “I feel that I did a very important and nice thing today. ”Worldwide hunger has dropped from 24% of the population in 1990 to around 10% today. Much of the success is linked to the efforts of nonprofit organiza

19、tions and their volunteers, including Rise Against Hunger. 【文章大意】本文是记叙文。文章叙述了一个全球性非营利组织“战胜饥饿”走进校园, 组织学生志愿者为世界摆脱饥饿尽一份力量的故事。4. In Paragraph 1, the author describes a food packaging event to _. A. introduce the middle school volunteers in FloridaB. show what the school volunteers are doingC. report muc

20、h food is provided for people in needD. introduce a global nonprofit organization Rise Against Hunger【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据第一段“That was the scene at a food packaging event earlier this month at my school in Celebration, Florida. Rise Against Hunger, a global nonprofit organization, was founded in 1998. ”可知

21、, 描述学生包装食品的场面是为了引出文章的主题, 介绍全球性的非营利组织“战胜饥饿”。故选D。5. What is the purpose of the organization Rise Against Hunger?A. To get students to attend school. B. To help people build their homes. C. To help people in need with food. D. To allow people to go to work. 【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据文章第一段最后一句话“The organization pr

22、ovides millions of dried meals each year for people in need around the world. ”以及第二段的描述, 可知“战胜饥饿”这个组织给全球困境中的人们分发食物, 帮助他们摆脱饥饿。故选C。6. What does Rise Against Hunger do in every school?A. Help set up volunteer events. B. Train students to learn some job skills. C. Instruct how to contact them. D. Give s

23、tudents some lessons. 【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第三段的描述“Every school is open to contact Rise Against Hunger to set up an event, . . . ”可知, “战胜饥饿”这个组织进入学校帮助建立志愿活动。故选A。7. How do the students feel about their volunteer work?A. Tiring but rewarding. B. Fun and meaningful. C. Long and tiring. D. Short but efficient.

24、 【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据第四段的描述“It was fun. ”和“I feel that I did a very important and nice thing today. ”可知, 志愿者们觉得从事这个志愿活动感到很开心并且有意义。故选B。. 完形填空The Coffee PlaceI used to believe politeness was a thing of the past. Very seldom had I met a 1human being in this modern age of the so-called Ceneration X. Recently

25、, I had to change my 2, when I came face to face with just such a human being. I had gone to a coffee place, with two of my grown-up daughters. The place was crowded with the usual loud crowd and we had to climb the stairs in order to find a(n) 3 table. After enjoying coffee and snacks, we were goin

26、g down the stairs, where the4 space made climbing down only possible in a single line, with hardly any space for another person to either climb up or 5. Just as I was in the 6 of my going down, a gentleman entered by the main entrance of the coffee place which was in front of the staircase. I was su

27、re I would be pushed 7 by the man who would want to go up hurriedly. I kept coming down as fast as I could, 8 on to the bannister ( 扶手). My daughters were already down, looking up at me and hoping I would reach them before the 9 started up the stairs. Nearly reaching them, I noticed the man still st

28、anding near the 10. I reached my daughters and passed him at the entrance door he kept holding open. I looked back, thinking he was still there trying to 11 whether to go in or find another less crowded place. But later I saw him going up the stairs, two at a time. I told my daughters about it and f

29、elt bad that we didnt even thank him who was actually holding the door open for us to pass through 12 going up. We 13 his thoughtfulness. Such well-mannered people are hard to find these days when pushing roughly is very14 in our advanced but aggressive society. Till date, I remember this gentleman

30、and15 to God to make more human beings like him. 【文章大意】本文是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。作者在一家咖啡店见到了一位绅士贴心地帮助她推门的善举, 让她相信人们大多还是有礼貌的, 善良的。1. A. polite B. rude C. clever D. dull【解析】选A。句意: 我过去常常认为礼貌是很久远的东西, 在现代社会我很少遇见过礼貌的人。 polite礼貌的; rude粗鲁的; clever聪明的; dull枯燥的。故选A。2. A. choiceB. thinkingC. lifeD. decision【解析】选B。句意: 近来, 当

31、我面对面遇到这么一个人的时候, 我不得不改变我的想法。 choice选择; thinking想法, 思考; life生活; decision决定。故选B。3. A. convenientB. niceC. reservedD. empty【解析】选D。句意: 由于咖啡馆充满了喧闹的人群, 我们不得不爬楼梯去楼上找个空桌。 convenient便利的; nice好的; reserved内向的; empty空的。故选D。4. A. wideB. openC. narrowD. large【解析】选C。句意: 喝完咖啡, 吃完甜点, 我们开始下楼, 楼梯太过狭窄我们只能排成一列有序下楼。 wide宽

32、的; open打开的; narrow狭窄的; large大的。故选C。5. A. break downB. set downC. come downD. take down【解析】选C。句意: 几乎没有留下任何空间供另一个人上楼或下楼。 break down分解, 崩溃; set down记下; come down下来; take down取下, 拿下。故选C。6. A. endB. wayC. middleD. aim【解析】选C。句意: 我刚下到一半的时候, 有个绅士从电梯出口正对着的主入口进入咖啡馆。 end结束, 结尾; way方式; middle中间; aim目标。故选C。7. A.

33、 gentlyB. roughlyC. casuallyD. politely【解析】选B。句意: 我确信我一定会被这个匆忙上楼的家伙粗鲁地冲撞。 gently温柔地; roughly粗鲁地; casually随意地; politely礼貌地。故选B。8. A. holdingB. goingC. dependingD. handling【解析】选A。句意: 我尽可能快地下楼梯, 手紧抓着楼梯扶手。 holding on坚持, 抓住(不放); going on 继续; depending on依靠; handling操作, 处理。故选A。9. A. waiterB. studentC. fri

34、endD. stranger【解析】选D。句意: 我的女儿已经走下楼梯, 抬头看着我, 希望我能在这个陌生人上楼之前下来。 waiter侍者; student学生; friend朋友; stranger陌生人。故选D。10. A. tableB. doorC. windowD. counter【解析】选B。句意: 快赶上我女儿的时候, 我注意到这个男的仍然站在门口。 table桌子; door门; window窗户; counter柜台。故选B。11. A. decideB. informC. persuadeD. discuss【解析】选A。句意: 我回首一看, 认为那个人还在决定是进去还是

35、找个不那么拥挤的地方。 decide决定; inform告知; persuade劝说; discuss讨论。故选A。12. A. afterB. whenC. beforeD. since【解析】选C。句意: 我把这件事告诉女儿, 我感觉很糟, 因为我们没有感谢那位在上楼前一直为我们开门的绅士。 after在之后; when当时; before在之前; since自从。故选C。13. A. requiredB. applaudedC. thankedD. spread【解析】选B。句意: 我们很赞赏他的体贴。 require要求; applaud赞赏, 鼓掌; thank感谢; spread扩

36、散。故选B。14. A. generalB. urgentC. seriousD. common【解析】选D。句意: 在这样一个现代却充满挑衅的社会里, 粗鲁地推挤是普遍的现象, 但是像这样有礼貌的人却很难找。 general一般的; urgent紧急的; serious严重的;common普通的, 共有的。故选D。15. A. pointB. prayC. devoteD. explain【解析】选B。句意: 直到今天我还记得这个绅士, 祈祷上帝创造更多的这种人吧。 point指向; pray祈祷; devote致力于, 献身于; explain解释。故选B。【知识拓展】佳词积累1. tho

37、ughtfulnessn. 体贴;考虑周到2. aggressiveadj. 侵略的;野心勃勃的. 语法填空US writer Margaret Lee Runbeck once 1. _ (write), “Happiness is not a station you arrive at, but 2. _ manner of traveling. ” But traveling is not always happy, at least for the buddies in the movie Green Book. The movie 3. _ (adapt) from the true

38、 story of a road trip through the southern US in the early 1960s. In the film, the black pianist Don Shirley hires Italian-American Tony to drive him to performances, but they face problems because of Shirleys skin color. These problems enable them 4. _ (form) a special friendship. “Theres something

39、 so deeply right about this movie, so true 5. _the time, said US film critic La Salle. The time La Salle is talking about was between 1876 and 1963, 6. _ African-Americans experienced a very different and difficult period. Many parts of the country had Jim Crow laws, which allowed 7. _ (race) segreg

40、ation (隔离). But in 1936, a blackmail carrier named Victor H. Green published a list of friendly 8. _ (business) as a small book with a green cover. The Green Book helped African-Americans travel more safely. Then in 1964, Jim Crow laws went away. The book went away, too. Today many US people still r

41、emember the time of Jim Crow laws but they 9. _ (probable) dont know about The Green Book. Its a 10. _ (forget) part of the story. 【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文, 介绍了影片绿皮书。1. 【解析】wrote。考查时态。由once可知要用一般过去时态, 故答案为wrote。2. 【解析】a。考查不定冠词。a manner of“的方式”, 与前面的a station对应。故答案为a。3. 【解析】was adapted。考查时态和语态。这部电影改编自一个真实的故事,

42、且时间为过去, 故答案为was adapted。4. 【解析】to form。考查固定搭配。enable sb. to do sth. 使某人能够做某事。故答案为to form。5. 【解析】to。考查介词。true to sth. “精确的, 真实的, 逼真的”。故答案为to。6. 【解析】when。考查定语从句。此处between 1876 and 1963是先行词, 在后面的非限制性定语从句中作时间状语, 故答案为when。7. 【解析】racial。考查形容词。此处应用形容词修饰名词segregation, 故答案为racial。8. 【解析】businesses。考查名词复数。由a

43、list of可知这里要用名词复数。business“公司、企业”。故答案为businesses。9. 【解析】probably。考查副词。此处probably修饰谓语动词。故答案为probably。10. 【解析】forgotten。考查过去分词作前置定语。分析句式可知, forget和part 之间是一种被动关系, 所以用过去分词来作前置定语。故答案为forgotten。 阅读理解(2020武汉模拟)A new study shows that rising levels of planet-warming gases may reduce important nutrients in f

44、ood crops. Researchers studied the effects of one such gas-carbon dioxide-on rice. The researchers grew rice plants in a controlled environment. They set carbon dioxide levels to what scientists are predicting for our planet by the end of the century. They found that the resulting rice crops had low

45、er than normal levels of vitamins, minerals and protein. The researchers said the effects of planet-warming gases would be most severe for the poorest citizens in some of the least developed countries. These people generally eat the most rice and have the least complex diets, they noted. In the expe

46、riment, scientists grew 18 kinds of rice in fields in China and Japan. They pumped carbon dioxide gas over the plants in an effort to create the atmosphere of the future. Rice grown under high carbon dioxide conditions had, on average, 13 to 30 percent lower levels of four B vitamins and 10 percent

47、less protein. The crops also had 8 percent less iron and 5 percent less zinc(锌)than rice grown under normal conditions. However, vitamin E levels increased by about 13 percent on average. The results are bad news, “especially for the nutrition of the poorer population in less-developed countries, ”

48、said the University of Tokyos Kazuhiko Kobayashi, who helped to write the report. That includes about 600 million people in Indonesia, Cambodia, Myanmar, Bangladesh, Laos and other nations, mainly in Southeast Asia, the report said. One of the scientists is Sam Myers of Harvard University in the Ame

49、rican state of Massachusetts. He said that findings like this are an example of the surprises climate change create. “My concern is there are many more surprises to come, ” he said. Myers noted that pollution, loss of some species, destruction of forests, and other human activities are likely to pro

50、duce unexpected problems. He said that you cannot completely change all the natural systems that living organisms have grown to depend on over millions of years without having effects come back to affect our own health. The new study suggests a way to lower the nutritional harm of climate change. On

51、e way, Kobayashi said, is to grow different forms of rice that have shown to be more resistant to higher carbon dioxide levels. 【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。研究表明, 不断增加的温室气体可能会减少粮食作物的重要营养成分, 对人们的身体健康造成影响。1. Which country would be influenced most by planet-warming gases according to the text?A. China. B. Myanmar. C

52、. America. D. Britain. 【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第二段中的“the effects of planet-warming gases would be most severe for the poorest citizens in some of the least developed countries. ”第四段中的“That includes about 600 million people in Indonesia, Cambodia, Myanmar, Bangladesh, Laos and other nations, mainly in Southea

53、st Asia, ”可知温室气体对农作物的影响, 对不发达国家最贫困的居民影响最为严重, 包括印度尼西亚、柬埔寨、缅甸、孟加拉国、老挝和其他主要位于东南亚的国家。故选B。2. How is Paragraph 3 mainly developed?A. By comparison. B. By giving examples. C. By analyzing causes. D. By describing a process. 【解析】选A。推理判断题。第三段中通过数据的比较, 让我们了解了温室气体对农作物的影响程度。故选A。3. What does the underlined sente

54、nce in Paragraph 5 mean?A. Climate change will be difficult to predict. B. Climate change will lead to more good effects. C. Climate change will be harmful to the environment. D. Climate change will cause more unexpected problems. 【解析】选D。句意猜测题。根据第六段中的“Myers noted that pollution, loss of some species

55、, destruction of forests, and other human activities are likely to produce unexpected problems. ”可知Myers认为污染、某些物种的丧失、森林的破坏和其他人类活动可能产生意想不到的问题。出现的这些问题就是Myers提到的更多的意外。故选D。4. Which of the following statements is true according to the text?A. Myers said we could change all the natural systems for the sak

56、e of our health. B. The poorest people in all the least developed countries would be influenced most. C. The researchers grew 18 kinds of rice in China and Japan in a controlled environment. D. Protein in rice grown under high carbon dioxide conditions increased by 10 percent. 【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第三段中的“I

57、n the experiment, scientists grew 18 kinds of rice in fields in China and Japan. They pumped carbon dioxide gas over the plants in an effort to create the atmosphere of the future. ”可知实验是在中国和日本的农田里种植了18种水稻。他们将二氧化碳气体输送到植物上方, 以创造未来的大气。也就是在可控的环境下种植水稻进行实验, 故选C。【知识拓展】佳词积累1. nutrientn. 营养素2. complexadj. 复杂的3. destructionn. 破坏4. organismn. 有机体