2021版高考英语（译林版）一轮复习基础考点聚焦课后达标检测：必修5 UNIT 2　THE ENVIRONMENT WORD版含解析.doc

1、课时练12篇阅读1篇完形 阅读理解A(2020马鞍山质量预测)World Environment Day is celebrated annually on June 5th and was created to inspire people around the globe to take an active part in environmental protection and learn more about ways we can help to guarantee the future of our planet is safe.The very first World Envir

2、onment Day took place in 1974, established by the United Nations General Assembly on the first day of the Stockholm Conference on the Human Environment that took place in 1972.Each year the United Nations picks a theme and a host city where anyone who is concerned about the environment can talk abou

3、t environmental topics with others, followed by different kinds of exhibits to promote environmental awareness. Environmentalists, academics and scientists come together to bring new ideas on the table concerning the environment.The 2018 World Environment Day was hosted by India, and the theme was B

4、eat Plastic Pollution. It urged people to explore and choose supportable alternatives like paper or cloth bags to reduce the production and use of disposable plastic, which made up 10% of all of the waste. Even though the United Nations picks a specific host city every year, people around the world

5、still celebrate World Environment Day in their hometowns with parades(游行), concerts, cleaning up and tree planting and all kinds of green actions to work towards having a beautiful planet and battling pollution.World Environment Day is not a public holiday, so you wont be getting the day off work or

6、 school, but if you want to celebrate, why not bring it to the attention of your parents, friends, colleagues or classmates? World Environment Day is all about working together to take action for the planet, so try to get everyone you know interested in helping do something. Things as small as makin

7、g sure people have a way to recycle can make a difference. You could also try beautifying your neighborhood by planting gardens, learn about green foods, raise money for a local wildlife conservation group or simply learn about the effects of different products on the earth.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了世界环

8、境日的由来和情况，呼吁全员行动起来帮助保护地球。1Why is World Environment Day set up?ATo make people know more about nature.BTo ask people to help to protect the globe.CTo warn people of the danger of air pollution.DTo encourage people to plan the earths future.B解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“to inspire people around the globe to take a

9、n active part in environmental protection and learn more about ways we can help to guarantee the future of our planet is safe”可知，世界环境日的目的是鼓励世界各地的人们积极参与环境保护并学会更多方法来帮助确保我们的地球将来是安全的，故选B。2What do people do on World Environment Day?ADecide a host city.BHold a theme party.CDiscuss environmental ideas.DSho

10、w some plastic products.C解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“where anyone who is concerned about the environment can talk about environmental topics with others”以及“Environmentalists, academics and scientists come together to bring new ideas on the table concerning the environment.”可知，人们主要是在这一天讨论环境问题，故选C。3Which of the

11、following words is closest in meaning to the underlined word “disposable” in Paragraph 3?AHighcost.BPoorquality.CSecondhand.DSingleuse.D解析：词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“Beat Plastic Pollution”可知，2018年的主题是“塑战速决”，再结合画线词前面的“It urged people to explore and choose supportable alternatives like paper or cloth bags”和后面的“wh

12、ich made up 10% of all of the waste”可知，“disposable plastic”造成大量资源浪费，所以“一次性的”符合语境，故选D。4Whats the main idea of the last paragraph?AEvery bit of effort counts.BDoing is better than saying.CMany hands make light work.DNothing is impossible to a willing heart.A解析：段落大意题。根据最后一段的内容可知，世界环境日不是一个公共节日，所以人们不放假。但

13、如果你想庆祝的话，为何不让你周围的人关注它。所以最后一段主要是讲每个人都可以从身边小事做起，行动起来保护地球，每个人的微小努力都很重要(Every bit of effort counts.)，故选A。Doing is better than saying.“行胜于言。”；Many hands make light work.“众人拾柴火焰高。”；Nothing is impossible to a willing heart.“有志者事竟成。”B(2020长沙统一模拟)When she first started learning about the climate change from

14、one of her elders, Fawn Sharp was invited on a helicopter flight over the Olympic Mountains to survey the Mount Anderson glacier. But the glacier was gone, melted by the warming climate. Sharp had a deep sense of loss when she discovered the glacier wasnt there anymore.Loss is a growing issue for pe

15、ople working and living on the front lines of climate change. And that gave Jennifer Wren Atkinson, a fulltime lecturer at the University of Washington Bothell, US, an idea for a class.This term, she taught students on the Bothell campus about the emotional burdens of environmental studies. She used

16、 the experiences of Native American tribes(部落), scientists and activists, and asked her 24 students to face the reality that there is no easy fixthat “this is such an intractable problem that theyre going to be dealing with it for the rest of their lives.”Student Cody Dillon used to be a climate sci

17、ence skeptic(怀疑论者). Then he did his own reading and research, and changed his mind.Dillon wasnt going into environmental workhe was a computerscience major. Yet, the potential for a worldwide environmental catastrophe seemed so real to him five years ago that he quit his job and became a fulltime vo

18、lunteer for an environmental group that worked on restoration(恢复) projects.Six months into the work, he decided that Atkinsons class was just what he was looking fora place where he could discuss his concerns about a changing climate.Atkinson said she hoped the class helped her students prepare them

19、selves for the amount of environmental loss that will happen over their lifetimes.“We are already changing the planetso many species are going to be lost, displaced or massively impacted，” she said. “The future isnt going to be what they imagined.”【解题导语】Fawn Sharp通过一次搭乘直升机飞行的经历认识到了冰川融化的严重性，同时Jennife

20、r Wren Atkinson给学生开设了课程，教学生如何面对气候变化，她的课程让很多学生关注环境问题。5Why did the author mention the case of Fawn Sharp?ATo lay a basis for Fawn Sharps further research.BTo prove Fawn Sharps work is similar to Atkinsons.CTo lead into the issue of loss caused by climate change.DTo show scientists concern about the Mo

21、unt Anderson glacier.C解析：推理判断题。通读第一段可知，Fawn Sharp在一次直升机飞行中意识到气候变化导致了冰川融化；由此可推知，作者在第一段中提及Fawn Sharp的例子是为了引出下文气候变化导致环境问题的话题，故选C。6Whats the main purpose of Atkinsons class?ATo explore how different people deal with climate change.BTo get students more concerned about the environmental issue.CTo find so

22、lutions to the environmental issue of Olympic Mountains.DTo teach students how to conduct research about environment.B解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“she taught students.the emotional burdens of environmental studies.and asked her 24 students to face the reality that there is no easy fixthat this is such an intrac

23、table problem that theyre going to be dealing with it for the rest of their lives.”可知，她给学生讲环境研究的情感压力，她让她的24个学生面对没有简单的解决方法这个事实这是“一个如此困难的问题以至于学生们将用他们的余生来解决它。”由此可知，Atkinson的课程目的是让学生们更加关注环境问题，故选B。7Which of the following words best explains “intractable” underlined in Paragraph 3?ASimple.BDifficult.CComm

24、on.DInteresting.B解析：词义猜测题。根据上文可知，Atkinson用美洲土著部落、科学家以及积极分子们的经历让她的24个学生面对没有简单的解决方法这个事实，并结合该句“this is such an intractable problem that theyre going to be dealing with it for the rest of their lives”可知，这是一个如此困难的问题以至于学生们将用他们的余生来解决它，故选B。8How did Atkinsons class influence Dillon?AIt made him work as a par

25、ttime volunteer for restoration projects.BIt made him realize a planetwide climate disaster would happen.CIt encouraged him to be more involved in environmental protection.DIt discouraged him to work on restoration projects for the environment.C解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“Six months into the work.discuss his c

26、oncerns about a changing climate.”可知，Dillon在环保组织做了六个月志愿者之后，他认为在Atkinson的课堂上他可以讨论他对气候变化的担忧；由此可推知，Atkinson的课程鼓励Dillon参与环境保护，故选C。 完形填空(2020山西八校联考)Heroes come in different shapes and sizes. Some are born to give others a _1_. Then there are the people who _2_ happen to be in the right place at the right

27、 time. That was the _3_ for John Underwood.On a cold evening, a storm _4_ near his home. Underwood was heading over to help his sister when the roads were _5_. He saw some other drivers get stuck, so he got out of his truck to help. “My _6_ is that if I have the ability to do good, then I should do

28、it. There should be no _7_，” he said.Underwood wasnt out of his _8_ long before he heard a cry. “Someone was _9_， My parents, my parents！” Moments later, a 12yearold boy ran up to Underwood, saying his parents were _10_ and asked for help.The Hammonds went to get things from the basement when the wa

29、lls _11_ to bear the weight of rain and fell down, and they couldnt _12_. Worse still, the water was rising fast. _13_ was of extreme significance, so Underwood took action at once. Any inappropriate action could add more dangers. Luckily, Underwood had _14_ as a contractor(承包商). “Digging a hole in

30、the living room floor, I knew its a _15_ way，” he said.With physical strength, patience, and a lot of _16_， Underwood saved their lives. He said he did what anyone would do, but thats not necessarily true. Its _17_ to put yourself in a dangerous way to rescue another. Thats why the American Red Cros

31、s _18_ him. Ann Otto, who was in charge of the 23rd Annual Acts of Courage Awards, said the Awards should _19_ heroes like Underwood who have acted _20_ and selflessly in a time of emergency.【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文，文中讲述了暴风雨降临时约翰安德伍德营救遭遇险境的哈蒙德夫妇的故事。1A.lessonBdirectionChopeDhandD解析：根据下文中多次出现的help及文章第一句“Heroes

32、come in different shapes and sizes.”可知，作者认为有人天生乐于助人，所以用hand。give sb. a hand “帮助某人”为固定搭配。2A.alsoBjustCoftenDevenB解析：有人只是(just)恰好在恰当的时间出现在恰当的地点。3A.roleBconcernCcaseDbehaviorC解析：结合下文安德伍德帮助被困夫妇的事件可知，此处意为约翰安德伍德就是这样的例子。case“事例，实例”。4A.brokeBdisappearedCreturnedDchangedA解析：结合上文内容可知，此处指暴风雨在他家附近降临(broke)了。5A.

33、clearedBcompletedCrepairedDfloodedD解析：安德伍德正在去帮助他的妹妹的路上，这时道路被洪水淹没了。下文中的“the water was rising fast”是提示。clear“清除，疏通”；complete“完成，结束”；repair“修理，修补”；flood“为水所淹，被淹没”。6A.dutyBfactCbeliefDadviceC解析：“如果我有能力去做好事，我就应该去做”，这是安德伍德的信念(belief)。7A.arrangementBwonderCexcuseDproblemC解析：安德伍德认为做好事不应该有任何借口。excuse“借口，理由，辩

34、解”。8A.powerBsenseChouseDvehicleD解析：根据上文中的“He saw some other drivers get stuck, so he got out of his truck to help.”可知，此处vehicle符合语境。9A.screamingBworkingChelpingDtalkingA解析：此处指有人高声喊(screaming)：“我的父母！我的父母！”10A.ignoredBtrappedCinjuredDmissedB解析：根据下文的“when the walls.fell down”可知，一个12岁的男孩跑向安德伍德，说他的父母被困住了

35、。trap“困住，使陷于危险中”。11A.managedBfailedCtriedDstruggledB解析：哈蒙德夫妇去地下室拿东西，墙壁不能(failed)承受雨水的重量并倒塌了，两人无法脱身(escape)。12A.speakBreuniteCescapeDsurviveC解析：参见上题解析。13A.TimeBReliefCSuccessDActionA解析：根据上文中的“the water was rising fast”和“so Underwood took action at once”可知，时间(Time)至关重要，于是他立即行动起来。14A.attitudeBpotential

36、CconfidenceDexperienceD解析：在这种情况下，任何不当的操作都会增加更多的危险。幸运的是，安德伍德有做一名承包商的经验(experience)。15A.difficultBsafeCcreativeDquickB解析：安德伍德认为在客厅地板上挖一个洞是一个安全的(safe)方法。此处safe与前面的dangers形成对比。16A.braveryBencouragementCanxietyDresponsibilityA解析：根据下文中的“Underwood saved their lives”和“Ann Otto, who was in charge of the 23rd

37、 Annual Acts of Courage Awards.Underwood”可知，安德伍德因勇敢的行为获奖。他凭借体力，耐心和勇气救了哈蒙德夫妇。bravery“勇敢，勇气”；encouragement“鼓舞，鼓励”；anxiety“焦虑，忧虑”；responsibility“责任，负责”。17A.impossibleBreasonableChardDspecialC解析：根据空前的“He said he did what anyone would do, but thats not necessarily true.”可知，要把自己置于危险的境地去救别人是很难(hard)做到的。18A

38、.invitedBhonoredCinterviewedDhelpedB解析：这是美国红十字会把奖项授予他的原因。honor“给荣誉，表彰”符合语境。19A.go toBcome to Cturn toDpass toA解析：这个奖应该颁给(go to)像安德伍德那样在紧急情况下表现得英勇(courageously)无私的英雄们。20A.fortunatelyBimmediatelyCactivelyDcourageouslyD解析：参见上题解析。课时练22篇阅读1篇七选五1篇语法填空 阅读理解A(2020黄山高三模拟)Historians and archaeologists have de

39、fined periods of human history for centuries by the technologies or materials that made the greatest impact on society. This includes the Stone Age, the Bronze Age, and the Iron Age. But what age are we in now? That question can be answered with one word for some researchers: Plastics.“Plastic has r

40、edefined our material culture and the artifacts we leave behind. It will be found in stratified(分层的) layers in our trash deposits(沉积层)” Thats according to John Marston, an archaeologist.The wide variety of synthetic polymers(合成聚合物) would not exist if it werent for human action. About six billion ton

41、s of plastics have been made and spread around the planet. They have been spread from forests to oceans ever since the first plastic polymers were invented.Plastics are one of the most significant changes that humans have made to the Earths makeup. Most plastics dont easily degrade. This only adds t

42、o the problem. Recycling isnt an adequate solution. Not all types of plastic are easily recyclable. And there are only a few recycling plants that can process all varieties of plastic.According to Debra Winter, writer for The Atlantic, this means that many of the materials thrown into recycling bins

43、 can cross the planet several times before they are processed. They are made into rugs, sweaters, or they are used to make other bottles. Millions of tons of plastics are recycled every year, but millions more end up in landfills or the ocean. The problem has reached the point where its possible tha

44、t in just a few decades there might be more plastic in the worlds oceans than fishes.“Plastics have a supposed lifespan of over 500 years, so its safe to say that every plastic bottle you have used exists somewhere on this planet, in some form or another，” Winter writes.The damage may already be don

45、e. It may be too late for human populations worldwide to change their plastic using ways. So the Plastic Age might soon take its place next to the Bronze Age and the Iron Age in the history of human civilization.【解题导语】在我们所处的时代，塑料给我们的生活带来了很大便利，但是也给环境造成了巨大损害。1Why do people call our age the Plastic Age

46、?ABecause plastics are not naturally made.BBecause humans create plastics.CBecause plastics influence the world greatly.DBecause historians and archaeologists think so.C解析：推理判断题。根据第一段第一句可知，历史学家和考古学家是通过对社会造成最大影响的技术或材料来界定人类历史时期的，由此可推知，我们称现在这个时代为塑料时代的原因是塑料极大地影响了世界，故C项正确。2According to the passage, how a

47、re most plastics dealt with currently?AThey are recycled.BThey are degraded.CThey are thrown away.DThey are made into bottles.C解析：细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Millions of tons of plastics are recycled every year, but millions more end up in landfills or the ocean.”可知，每年数百万吨的塑料垃圾被回收，但是更多的塑料垃圾最终被扔到垃圾场或海洋中了，故C项正确。3Wh

48、at is the authors attitude to the Plastic Age?ANegative.BAmbiguous.CFavorable.DUnconcerned.A解析：观点态度题。根据全文内容可知，作者在文章中描述了塑料垃圾对社会的巨大的负面影响，尤其在最后一段中作者提到，塑料垃圾对社会可能已经造成了损害，世界各地的人们改变使用塑料的方式可能太晚了。由此可推知，作者对塑料时代持消极态度。故A项正确。4What is the main idea of this passage?APlastics have ruined our environment.BWe must st

49、op using plastics altogether.CHuman beings are in the Plastic Age.DPlastics are significant to human development.C解析：主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述的是我们人类现在处于塑料时代并解释了我们这个时代被称为塑料时代的原因，由此可1推知，C项最符合文意。B(2020昆明摸底调研)A new study shows that rising levels of planetwarming gases may reduce important nutrients(营养物) in fo

50、od crops.Researchers studied the effects of carbon dioxide on rice. In the experiment, scientists grew 18 kinds of rice in fields in China and Japan. They set carbon dioxide levels to what scientists are predicting for our planet by the end of the century. Rice grown under high carbon dioxide condit

51、ions had, on average, 13 to 30 percent lower levels of four B vitamins and 10 percent less protein(蛋白质). The crops also had 8 percent less iron and 5 percent less zinc than rice grown under normal conditions. However, vitamin E levels increased by about 13 percent on average.The researchers said the

52、 effects of planetwarming gases would be most severe for the poorest citizens in some of the least developed countries. These people generally eat the most rice and have the least complex diets. That includes about 600 million people in Indonesia, Cambodia, Myanmar, Bangladesh, Laos and other nation

53、s, mainly in Southeast Asia.Other studies have shown that higher temperatures from climate change and weather extremes will reduce food production. And scientists are finding that rising levels of carbon dioxide and other planetwarming gases threaten food quality.Earlier studies showed that wheat, r

54、ice, field peas and soybeans grown under high carbon dioxide conditions all had lower levels of protein and minerals. Scientists predicted that almost 150 million people might be at risk of having too little protein or zinc in their diet by 2050.The new study suggests a way to lower the nutritional

55、harm of climate change. That is to grow different forms of rice that can adapt to higher carbon dioxide levels.【解题导语】本文介绍了温室气体减少了粮食作物中的营养物质以及降低气候变化对营养物的损害的方法。5Growing rice under high carbon dioxide conditions may _Aincrease iron in the riceBmake it less nutritiousCcause losses of vitamin EDmake it m

56、ore deliciousB解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Rice grown under high carbon dioxide conditions had, on average, 13 to 30 percent lower levels.less protein(蛋白质)”可知， B项为正确答案。A、C、D三项的表述均与原文表述不符。6How can people reduce the nutritional harm of climate change?ABy importing rice from China and Japan.BBy taking other kinds

57、of food instead of rice.CBy avoiding eating rice from Southeast Asia.DBy growing rice suitable for the environment.D解析：细节理解题。根据文章最后一句“That is to grow different forms of rice that can adapt to higher carbon dioxide levels.”可知，应该种植不同种类的可以适应高含量二氧化碳的水稻，故D项为正确答案。7Whats the authors purpose of writing the

58、text?ATo inform readers what nutrients food crops contain.BTo call on people to care for the planet they live on.CTo share the results of some studies on peoples diets.DTo tell readers where food crops are mainly produced.B解析：写作意图题。通读全文可知，本文通过介绍温室气体增加对粮食作物的影响来唤起人们对人类赖以生存的地球家园的保护。故B项为正确答案。8In which p

59、art of a magazine can you read the text?AAdvertisements.BArt and culture.CScience reports.DBusiness news.C解析：推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是根据文中的“study” “Researchers” “studies”等可推知，本文是一篇研究报告，在杂志的科学报道部分能读到本文。 七选五(2020新疆维吾尔自治区适应性检测)Youre no doubt heard “less is more” over and over again. Less is better because it is g

60、ood for your bank account and your waistline(腰围). But in some areas of our lives, we can benefit from “more” instead of “less”. 1._Give more.If you see something beautiful in someone, say it. Why are you holding back a compliment, a kind word of encouragement or support or some welldeserved praise?

61、Giving is a gift to the giver and receiver. 2._ Once you start doing this, people will only want you around more.Support others more.Speaking of encouragement, who could use your support right now? 3._ Someone who is struggling? Reach out! Youll be glad you did.4_When we push back against things we

62、dont want(“I cant believe Catherine copied my clothes again！”), our resistance still holds us close to the thing that hurts us. When we are more accepting of lifes ups and downs, we find peace.Find more role models.Who do you want to be like? Find role models who inspire you. Read about them. Buy th

63、eir books. Dive into online interviews. 5._A life of richness can be defined in a million ways. And guess what? Its waiting for you to live itas soon as you open yourself up.AAccept more.BGet mental peace.CDo it every single day.DA friend who is going through a loss or a big change?EHere is how “mor

64、e” can be a good thing in your life.FLet their success be an example of whats possible for you, too.GMaybe someone who is always the support of you when you are in trouble?【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。在我们生活中的一些方面，我们能从“更多”而不是“更少”中受益。1E解析：空处承上启下，空前一句是说在我们生活中的一些方面，我们能从“更多”而不是“更少”中受益，并结合下文列举的例子可知，E项衔接上下文，符合语境，故选E。2C解

65、析：空后一句是说一旦你开始这样做，人们就会想让你更多地陪伴在身边，C项“每天都这样做”符合语境，故选C。3D解析：空前一句是说谈到鼓励，谁可能现在需要你的支持？并结合空后一句可知，D项“一个正经历损失或重大改变的朋友？”符合语境，故选D。4A解析：根据空处所在位置和文章结构可知，空处为段落小标题，该段主要讲的是在生活中我们要接受更多，故选A。5F解析：本段主要讲找到更多的榜样，空前几句是说读有关他们的故事，买关于他们的书，看网上的采访，F项“让他们的成功成为你也可能成功的榜样”符合语境，故选F。 语法填空(2020郑州一中摸底测试) Today I spent time talking to

66、an old friend about some of the 1._(choose) that we have made in our lives. We both agree that life has 2._(actual) been good to us. And we are very 3._(thank) for what we have been blessed with.Today I would like you to think about your journey and where you see yourself in 4._ next five years. Do

67、you see that you have become exactly who you set out to be? I work on my goals because I am excited about that opportunity.However, I do realize that sometimes life can get 5._ the way of our goals. I remember when my friend 6._(decide) to buy her first home, she was ready and had everything 7._(pre

68、pare). But during that time her father died and she had to move home 8._(help) take care of her mother. Her goal was delayed, 9._ she didnt give it up completely. And thats exactly the key to this all. In order to achieve your goals, you have to keep working on 10._【解题导语】本文主要介绍了如何坚持目标并将之实现。1choices解

69、析：考查词性转换。由空前的定冠词the可知，此处应用名词形式，且与some呼应可知，此处应用名词的复数形式，故填choices。2actually解析：考查副词。此处在句中作状语，故用副词形式。3thankful解析：考查形容词。根据空前的are可知，空处应用形容词作表语，故填thankful。4the解析：考查冠词。in the next five years“在未来五年里”，为固定用法，故用定冠词the。5in解析：考查介词。get in the way of sth.意为“阻止某事发生”，为固定短语，故用介词in。6decided解析：考查动词的时态。与下文的was呼应可知，此处描述的事情发生在过去，故用一般过去时，故填decided。7prepared解析：考查非谓语动词。“have宾语宾补”为固定用法，且everything与prepare之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词作宾语补足语，表示“完成或解决某事”，故填prepared。8to help解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处应用不定式表示目的，故填to help。9but解析：考查连词。根据语境可知，空处前后句表示逻辑上的转折关系，故用连词but。10them解析：考查代词。与上文中的goals呼应可知，此处用代词them作宾语。