山东省青岛市2021届高三5月自主检测英语试题 WORD版含解析.doc

1、青岛市2021年高三自主检测英语试题注意事项：1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分 阅读 （共两节，满分 50 分）第一节 （共 15 小题；每小题 2.5 分，满分 37.5 分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。AIf you have difficulty deciding on your book li

2、st, the following ideas shared by some great talents might help you out.Read books from eras past / Albert EinsteinKeeping up with current events and latest books from the bestseller list is a big job, but Albert Einstein thought it was vital to leave some room for older works, too. Otherwise, youd

3、be “completely dependent on the prejudices and fashions of your times,” he wrote in a 1952 journal article.Dont jump too quickly from book to book / SenecaSeneca, a first-century Roman Stoic philosopher, believed that reading too wide a variety in too short a time would keep the teachings from leavi

4、ng a lasting impression on you. “You must spend much time among a limited number of master thinkers, if you would gain ideas which shall win firm hold in your mind,” he wrote.Shop at secondhand bookstores / Virginia WoolfIn her essay Street Haunting, Virginia Woolf described the benefits of shopping

5、 in secondhand bookstores, where the works “have come together in vast flocks of various feather, and have a charm which the carefully chosen books of the library lack.”According to Woolf, looking through used books gives you the chance to come across something that wouldnt have risen to the attenti

6、on of librarians and booksellers, who are often much more selective in building their collections than secondhand bookstore owners.You can skip outdated science works, but not old literature / Edward Lytton19th-century British novelist and Parliamentarian Edward Lytton was a firm believer in the val

7、ue of reading old literature.“In science, read, by preference, the newest works; in literature, the oldest,” he wrote in his 1863 essay collection Caxtoniana. “The classic literature is always modern. New books revive and redecorate old ideas; old books suggest and inspire new ideas.”1. Who held the

8、 idea that great works should be digested?A. Albert Einstein.B. Seneca.C. Virginia Woolf.D. Edward Lytton.2. What attracted Virginia Woolf to secondhand bookstores?A. A lower price.B. A wider range.C. A more careful collection.D. A better service.3. How did Edward Lytton find the classic literature?

9、A. Interesting.B. Outdated.C. Challenging.D. Valuable.【答案】1. B 2. B 3. D【解析】【分析】这是一篇应用文。如果你在确定你的书单上有困难，以下一些伟大的天才分享的想法可能会帮助你。短文对此进行了介绍。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据Dont jump too quickly from book to book / Seneca中的“Seneca, a first-century Roman Stoic philosopher, believed that reading too wide a variety in too shor

10、t a time would keep the teachings from leaving a lasting impression on you. “You must spend much time among a limited number of master thinkers, if you would gain ideas which shall win firm hold in your mind,” he wrote.” 公元一世纪的古罗马斯多葛派哲学家Seneca认为，在短时间内读书太杂会让自己无法长久铭记从书中获得的教益。他在给罗马作家卢西利厄斯的信中写道：“你必须花时间品

11、读少数几位伟大思想家的作品，这样才能让教益常驻心间。由此可知，Seneca认为伟大的作品应该被消化。故选B项。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据Shop at secondhand bookstores / Virginia Woolf中的“In her essay Street Haunting, Virginia Woolf described the benefits of shopping in secondhand bookstores, where the works “have come together in vast flocks of various feather, and h

12、ave a charm which the carefully chosen books of the library lack.”可知，弗吉尼亚伍尔芙在她的散文街头漫步中描述了在二手书店买书的好处，在那里各种书籍“像斑驳的羽毛一样堆在一起，这种魅力正是图书馆里中规中矩的藏书所欠缺的。”由此可知，范围更广的图书引了弗吉尼亚伍尔夫去二手书店。故选B项。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据You can skip outdated science works, but not old literature / Edward Lytton中的“19th-century British novelist an

13、d Parliamentarian Edward Lytton was a firm believer in the value of reading old literature.”可知，19世纪英国小说家、议会议员爱德华鲍沃尔-李敦是古文学价值的坚定信徒。由此可知，爱德华鲍沃尔-李敦认为古典文学是有价值的。故选D项。BGuanmei, a 65-year-old woman of the Dong ethnic group, is the inheritor of the Grand Song of Dong (侗族大歌), a national intangible cultural h

14、eritage in China. Her hometown Zaidai Village in Guizhou, southwestern China, is home to the Grand Song of the Dong ethnic group.The Grand Song of Dong dates from more than 2,500 years ago. The way Dong singers use their vocal cords (声带) is different from how formally trained singers do. It is a fol

15、k chorus with multi-parts, no conductor, and no accompaniment. Organically growing from their natural surroundings, it is recognized internationally as “the sound of Nature.”Before the Dong people had a writing system in 1958, the Dong culture, their history and stories were all recorded by means of

16、 songs. As a Dong saying goes, “Rice feeds the body and songs enrich the soul”. The Dong people sing right from their childhood. While not singing, they all work in their rice field.Guanmei has been singing the Grand Song of Dong all her life, making her a famous singing teacher in her hometown and

17、nearby areas. “The songs are our means of passing on wisdom, knowledge and life experiences to others. I will not exist in this world 100 years later, but Grand songs will. Im honored to do this job, ” Guanmei said.Kind-hearted, Guanmei has been volunteering to teach the Grand Song of Dong to the Do

18、ng children for over 30 years. Now she has more than 300 students. Guanmei is pleased to see the village children come to her house willingly when they have free time.“Nowadays, more and more young people leave the village and settle in cities. Decades later, the Dong children out of the village mig

19、ht know nothing about Grand songs. We should do something just now. Its our mission. What is once lost might be lost forever,” added Guanmei.4. What makes the Grand Song of Dong known as “the sound of Nature”?A. The outstanding conductor.B. The special musical instrument.C. The attractive natural en

20、vironment.D. The inspiration from nature.5. What can we know about the Dong ethnic culture?A. The Dong singers are professionals.B. The Dong culture before 1958 has been largely lost.C. Singing is of vital importance to the Dong people.D. They have a written language with a history of over 2,500 yea

21、rs.6. How does Guanmei feel about the future of Grand songs?A. Concerned.B. Sympathetic.C. Optimistic.D. Satisfied.7. Whats the authors main purpose in writing the passage?A. To call on young people to return to the Dong village.B. To guide the Dong children to learn the Grand Song of Dong.C. To sho

22、w a womans efforts to keep the Dong culture alive.D. To instruct people to appreciate the Grand Song of Dong.【答案】4. D 5. C 6. A 7. C【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章展示了一个女人为保持侗族文化的活力所做的努力。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“The way Dong singers use their vocal cords (声带 ) is different from how formally trained singers do. It is a

23、folk chorus with multi-parts, no conductor, and no accompaniment.Organically growing from their natural surroundings, it is recognized internationally as “the sound of Nature.”（侗族歌手使用声带的方式，与受过正规训练的歌手不同。这是一个民间合唱团，由多个部分组成，没有指挥，没有伴奏。从自然环境中有机生长，它被国际公认为“自然之声”）可知，侗族大歌是源自于从自然环境中所得到的灵感，所以被称为自然之声。选项D与文意相符，故选

24、D。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“Before the Dong people had a writing system in 1958, the Dong culture, their history and stories were all recorded by means of songs. ”（1958年侗族还没有文字系统之前，侗族文化、侗族历史和侗族故事都是通过歌曲来记录的。）可知，歌曲在侗族的文化中意义重大。选项C与文意相符，故选C。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Decades later, the Dong children out of the vill

25、age might know nothing about Grand songs. We should do something just now. Its our mission. What is once lost might be lost forever,” added Guanmei .”（“几十年后，村里的侗族孩子可能对大歌一无所知。我们现在应该做点什么。这是我们的任务。一旦失去，就可能永远失去。”关梅补充道。）可推知，对于侗族大歌的未来，关梅是担忧的。选项A符合题意，故选A。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Guanmei, a 65-year-old woman of the

26、 Dong ethnic group, is the inheritor of the Grand Song of Dong (侗族大歌), a national intangible cultural heritage in China. ”（现年65岁的侗族妇女关梅是侗族非物质文化遗产侗族大歌的继承人。），第四段中 “Guanmei has been singing the Grand Song of Dong all her life, making her a famous singing teacher in her hometown and nearby areas.”（关梅一生都

27、在唱侗族大歌，使她成为了家乡和附近地区著名的歌唱教师。）和第五段“Kind-hearted, Guanmei has been volunteering to teach the Grand Song of Dong to the Dong children for over 30 years.”（三十多年来，善良的关梅一直自愿教侗族儿童唱侗族大歌。）可知，本篇文章主要是介绍了为了侗族大歌能够得到传承，一位普通女人所做的努力。选项C与文意相符，故选C。COverly focusing on your goals may actually be counterproductive in the

28、long run. Take it from an Olympic athlete.After Brenda Martinez, a US Olympic runner, lost her balance in the 800-meter run, she lost the race that would qualify her for the Olympics. Instead of focusing on her failure, she prepared to win in the next race. “The track doesnt care about your feelings

29、,” she told New York Magazine Intelligence. “Youve just got to move forward.” She did indeed move forward and ended up winning third place in the 1500-meter race a week later to qualify for the Olympics in Rio. Instead of attaching herself to the goal of making the Olympic team, she concentrated on

30、the process.Researchers from Harvard found that overemphasizing goals based on measurable outcomes often leads to risk-taking, improper behavior and reduced motivation.When you become overly focused on achieving the goal, you may lose sight of your original purpose for accomplishing the goal in the

31、first place. Another danger is actually completing the goal without setting a plan for whats next. For example, some marathon runners experience whats called the “post-race blues”. Achieving your goal may cause you to drop the good habits that got you there in the first place.“After you set a goal,

32、its best to shift your focus from the goal itself to the process that gives you the best chance of achieving it; and to judge yourself based on how well you manage that process,” columnist Brad Stulberg said.Ultimately, changing your mindset from goals to process will lead you to achieve small victo

33、ries on your way to accomplishing long-term goals. It leaves you with a sense of satisfaction and accomplishment, regardless of the measurable outcome.8. What does the underlined word “counterproductive” in paragraph 1 mean?A. Influential.B. Harmful.C. Satisfying.D. Unpredictable.9. What does the wr

34、iter want to tell us by referring to Brenda Martinezs story?A. The ways to deal with failure.B. The process matters more.C. Determination means a lot for an athlete.D. The consequence of making the right decision.10. Why may some marathon runners experience the “post-race blues”?A. Because they are

35、satisfied with their achievements.B. Because they havent gained what they want.C. Because they havent got a further plan.D. Because they lose sight of their original purpose.11. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about?A. How to set a long-term goal.B. The way to realize your aim.C. The benefi

36、ts of fixing on the process.D. How to shift your focus from goal to process.【答案】8. B 9. B 10. C 11. C【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。哈佛大学的研究人员发现，过分强调基于可衡量结果的目标往往会导致冒险、不当行为和动机降低，也就是说从长远来看，过度关注你的目标可能会有害。文章通过具体的任务和事例来说明了这一发现。【8题详解】词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“Overly focusing on your goals may actually be”以及第三段“Researchers from Harva

37、rd found that overemphasizing goals based on measurable outcomes often leads to risk-taking, improper behavior and reduced motivation. (哈佛大学的研究人员发现，过分强调基于可衡量结果的目标往往会导致冒险、不当行为和动机降低)”可知，根据研究人员的发现可知，从长远来看，过度关注你的目标可能会有害。故画线词意思是“有害的”。A. Influential.有影响的；B. Harmful.有害的；C. Satisfying.令人满意的；D. Unpredictable

38、.不可预测的。故选B。【9题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“After Brenda Martinez, a US Olympic runner, lost her balance in the 800-meter run, she lost the race that would qualify her for the Olympics. Instead of focusing on her failure, she prepared to win in the next race. “The track doesnt care about your feelings,” she told N

39、ew York Magazine Intelligence. “Youve just got to move forward.” She did indeed move forward and ended up winning third place in the 1500-meter race a week later to qualify for the Olympics in Rio. Instead of attaching herself to the goal of making the Olympic team, she concentrated on the process.(

40、美国奥运选手Brenda Martinez在800米赛跑中失去了平衡，失去了参加奥运会的资格。她没有把注意力集中在自己的失败上，而是准备在下一场比赛中获胜。她告诉纽约杂志情报：“赛道并不在乎你的感受，你必须往前走。”她确实继续前进，并最终在1500米比赛中获得第三名，在里约热内卢获得奥运会资格。 她没有专注于成为奥运代表队的目标，而是专注于过程)”可推知，作者想通过Brenda Martinez的故事告诉我们过程更重要。故选B。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中“Another danger is actually completing the goal without setting a

41、 plan for whats next. For example, some marathon runners experience whats called the “post-race blues”. Achieving your goal may cause you to drop the good habits that got you there in the first place.(另一个危险是，没有为下一步做什么设定计划就完成了目标。例如，一些马拉松运动员会经历所谓“赛后抑郁”。实现你的目标可能会导致你放弃最初让你达到目标的好习惯)”可知，一些马拉松运动员会经历“赛后抑郁”是

42、因为他们没有进一步的计划。故选C。【11题详解】主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Ultimately, changing your mindset from goals to process will lead you to achieve small victories on your way to accomplishing long-term goals. It leaves you with a sense of satisfaction and accomplishment, regardless of the measurable outcome.(最终，改变你的思维方式，从目标到过程，

43、会让你在实现长期目标的路上取得小的胜利。它给你一种满足感和成就感，不管结果如何)”可知，最后一段主要讲了专注于过程的好处。故选C。DA master of words, a literary genius and a philosopher, Russian author Leo Tolstoy (1828-1910) is known by many as the greatest writer of all time. Even in 2020, 110 years after his death, his two greatest masterpieces, War and Peace

44、and Anna Karenina, continue to be widely read, appreciated and highly influential.“If the world could write by itself, it would write like Tolstoy,” the Russian author Isaak Babel once said. Tolstoys realistic fiction is famous for its powers of observation and ability to mine the depths of human co

45、nsciousness, such as the psychological exploration of a married woman in Anna Karenina. In War and Peace, Tolstoy also describes Russias national soul and expresses public unity through his many characters. His characters feel alive; they grow, they change and they stick in the minds of readers long

46、 after the final page is turned.Tolstoys influence on literature is without comparison. Authors regularly mention his novels as their highest ambition, works that they could only dream of writing themselves. American writer Francis Scott called Tolstoy the “greatest of all novelists” in his essay. H

47、e wrote, “from his first words, we can be sure of one thing at any rate here is a man who sees what we see, who proceeds, too, as we are accustomed to proceeding, not from the outside inwards but from the inside outwards.”“He defends fundamental values such as love, friendship and family relations.

48、He gives positive answers to the questions mankind is asking. In this sense he gives more hope,” Tolstoys great-great grandson, Vladimir Ilyich Tolstoy, said.Tolstoys message of peace has even had an effect on the real world. He inspired the leader of Indias independence movement, Mahatma Ghandi, an

49、d his philosophy of non-violence over the course of a year in which they wrote letters to each other.12. What does the second paragraph intend to tell us?A. The writing style of Tolstoy.B. Tolstoys influence on other authors.C. The characters in Tolstoys works.D. The introduction to the greatest wor

50、ks of Tolstoy.13. Which words can best describe Tolstoy according to the passage?A. Humorous and caring.B. Determined and optimistic.C. Productive and hard-working.D. Insightful and peace-loving.14. How does the author introduce Tolstoy in this passage?A. By contrasting with other authors.B. By anal

51、yzing characteristics of his works.C. By quoting comments and opinions.D. By describing his deeds in life.15. Which can be the best title for the passage?A Tolstoy and His WorksB. Tolstoys Life and AchievementsC. War and Peace: a Great MasterpieceD. Tolstoy: a Writer Beyond Comparison【答案】12. A 13. D

52、 14. C 15. D【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要通过引用一些人对托尔斯泰的评论，说明了托尔斯泰的成就和影响力巨大。【12题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中“Tolstoys realistic fiction is famous for its powers of observation and ability to mine the depths of human consciousness”（托尔斯泰的现实主义小说以其观察力和挖掘人类意识深处的能力而闻名）“Tolstoy also describes Russias national soul and expresses p

53、ublic unity through his many characters.”（托尔斯泰还描写了俄罗斯的民族精神，并通过他的许多人物表达了公众的团结。）可知，两处均提到了托尔斯泰作品中的写作风格：现实主义和民族精神。所以本段主要表达的是托儿斯泰作品中的写作风格，选项A与文意相符，故选A。【13题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中“here is a man who sees what we see, who proceeds, too, as we are accustomed to proceeding, not from the outside inwards but from the i

54、nside outwards.”（这个人能看到我们所看到的，他也会继续前进，就像我们习惯的那样，不是从外向内，而是从内向外。）可以看出，托尔斯泰是极具有洞察力的一个人；最后一段 “Tolstoys message of peace has even had an effect on the real world.”（托尔斯泰的和平理念，甚至对现实世界产生了影响。）可知，托尔斯泰是一个具有和平信念的人。所以有洞察力和具有和平信念是托尔斯泰所具有的品质。选项D与文意相符，故选D。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中“If the world could write by itself, it w

55、ould write like Tolstoy,” the Russian author Isaak Babel once said.”（“如果世界可以自己写作，就会像托尔斯泰那样写作。”俄国作家伊萨克 巴贝尔曾经说过。）第三段中 “American writer Francis Scott called Tolstoy the “greatest of all novelists” in his essay. He wrote, “from his first words, .but from the inside outwards.”（美国作家弗朗西斯 斯科特在他的文章中称托尔斯泰为 “最

56、伟大的小说家”。他写道“从他的第一句话开始，我们至少可以确定一件事，这是一个能看到我们所看到的东西的人，他也在前进，就像我们习惯的那样，不是从外向内，而是从内向外”）倒数第二段中“He defends fundamental values .gives more hope,” Tolstoys great-great grandson, Vladimir Ilyich Tolstoy, said.”（“他捍卫爱情、友谊和家庭关系等基本价值观。他对人类提出的问题给出了肯定的答案。在这个意义上，他给予了更多的希望。”托尔斯泰的曾曾曾孙，弗拉基米尔 伊里奇 托尔斯泰说。）可知，本文通过引用一些人对托

57、尔斯泰的评论，来说明他的影响。选项C与文意相符，故选C。【15题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“A master of words, a literary genius and a philosopher, Russian author Leo Tolstoy (1828-1910) is known by many as the greatest writer of all time. Even in 2020, 110 years after his death, his two greatest masterpieces, War and Peace and Anna Karenina

58、, continue to be widely read, appreciated and highly influential.”（文学大师，文学天才，哲学家，俄国作家列夫 托尔斯泰(1828-1910)被许多人认为是有史以来最伟大的作家。即使在他去世110年后的2020年，他最伟大的两部作品，战争与和平和安娜 卡列尼娜仍然被广泛阅读，欣赏和极具影响力。）同时结合下面段落中引用一些人们对托尔斯泰的评论，可知，主要说明了托尔斯泰的成就和影响力巨大。文学大师，文学天才，哲学家是对他的成就及影响力的肯定。所以标题用 “一个无与伦比的作家”最符合文意，选项D符合题意，故选D。第二节（共 5 小题；每

59、小题 2.5 分，满分 12.5 分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。The convenience plastic offers has led to a throw-away culture that reveals the materials dark side. Many of its products, such as plastic bags and food wrappers, have a service life of mere minutes to hours. _16_Plastic has been the bigge

60、st threat to ocean life for decades. Sunlight, wind and wave action break down plastic waste to a certain extent, but it only succeeds in reducing it to smaller pieces._17_They spread throughout the water and have been found in every corner of the globe, affecting nearly 700 species, including endan

61、gered ones._18_They range from birds to fish and to other marine animals. Most of the deaths to them are caused by starvation. Small pieces of plastic have been found in more than 100 marine species, including fish, shrimp, and some seashells. In many cases, these tiny bits pass through their stomac

62、hs. _19_Stomachs so packed with plastic reduce the urge to eat, making them die eventually.Tests have also confirmed cell damage and trouble with animals reproductive systems caused by plastic-eating. Some species, such as oysters, produce fewer eggs if they wrongly take too much plastic.Fortunately

63、, solutions are being found. Many scientists agree the top priority is to prevent plastic waste from entering rivers and seas. _20_Better product design also should be taken into account, as well as the reduction in producing unnecessary single-use plastic products.A. Nearly every species of seabird

64、 eats plastics.B. This makes plastic waste even harder to notice.C. Millions of animals are killed by plastic every year.D. Some pieces have even been found blocking their organs.E. Half of all plastics ever produced have been made in the last 15 years.F. It could be done with improved waste managem

65、ent systems and recycling.G. However they may remain in the environment for hundreds of years and cause a lot of harm.【答案】16. G 17. B 18. C 19. D 20. F【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了如今塑料对海洋造成的严重污染问题，介绍了塑料的一些特性以及解决方案。【16题详解】根据上文“The convenience plastic offers has led to a throw-away culture that reveals the

66、materials dark side. Many of its products, such as plastic bags and food wrappers, have a service life of mere minutes to hours.(便利的塑料供应导致了一种用后即弃的文化，揭示了这种材料的阴暗面。它的许多产品，如塑料袋和食品包装，只有几分钟到几小时的使用寿命)”可知，上文提到了塑料的危害，本句为本段最后一句，应承接上文继续说明塑料的危害，G选项中they指代上文products。故G选项“然而，它们可能在环境中存在数百年，并造成很多危害”符合语境，故选G。【17题详解】

67、根据上一段“Plastic has been the biggest threat to ocean life for decades. Sunlight, wind and wave action break down plastic waste to a certain extent, but it only succeeds in reducing it to smaller pieces.(几十年来，塑料一直是对海洋生物最大的威胁。 阳光、风和浪的作用在一定程度上分解了塑料垃圾，但它只能成功地将其分解成更小的碎片)”以及后文“They spread throughout the wat

68、er and have been found in every corner of the globe, affecting nearly 700 species, including endangered ones.(它们遍布水域，遍布全球每个角落，影响了近700种物种，包括濒临灭绝的物种)”可知，上一段提到塑料可以分解成更小的碎片，后文则说它们遍布水域，可推测塑料这一特性的结果是：使得塑料垃圾更难被发现。故B选项“这使得塑料垃圾更难被发现”符合语境，故选B。【18题详解】根据后文“They range from birds to fish and to other marine anima

69、ls. Most of the deaths to them are caused by starvation.(它们包括鸟类、鱼类和其他海洋动物。他们中的大多数死于饥饿)”可知，后文列举了一些死于塑料的动物，可知每年有数百万的动物被塑料杀死。C选项中Millions of animals对应后文They。故C选项“每年有数百万的动物被塑料杀死”符合语境，故选C。【19题详解】根据上文“Small pieces of plastic have been found in more than 100 marine species, including fish, shrimp, and some

70、 seashells. In many cases, these tiny bits pass through their stomachs.(在包括鱼、虾和一些贝壳在内的100多种海洋物种中发现了小塑料碎片。在很多情况下，这些微小的物质会通过它们的胃)”以及后文“Stomachs so packed with plastic reduce the urge to eat, making them die eventually.(塞满塑料的胃会减少吃东西的欲望，最终导致它们死亡)”可知，后文提到动物的胃部塞满了塑料，可见塑料的碎片会堵塞他们的器官。故D选项“一些碎片甚至被发现阻塞了他们的器官”

71、符合语境，故选D。【20题详解】根据上文“Fortunately, solutions are being found. Many scientists agree the top priority is to prevent plastic waste from entering rivers and seas.(幸运的是，已经找到了解决方案。许多科学家一致认为，当务之急是防止塑料垃圾进入河流和海洋)”以及后文“Better product design also should be taken into account, as well as the reduction in produc

72、ing unnecessary single-use plastic products.(更好的产品设计也应考虑在内，以及减少生产不必要的一次性塑料产品)”可知，上文提到了解决塑料污染问题的解决方案，故本句应承接上文说明防止塑料垃圾进入河流和海洋的具体方法：可以通过改善废物管理系统和回收来实现。故F选项“这可以通过改善废物管理系统和回收来实现”符合语境，故选F。第二部分 语言运用（共两节，满分 30 分）第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 15 分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。A little girl has become f

73、amous in her neighborhood after drawing messages of hope on her familys garage door during lockdown (疫情封闭).Mom-of-two Christine has been letting her six-year-old daughter Eilidh turn their black shiny garage door into a _21_ art project with chalk. Twice a week since April 2020, Eilidh has let her i

74、magination run_22_, covering the space with mermaids, dolphins, Spiderman, and dinosaurs. She has this week_23_ it with a rainbow, flowers, and some_24_ words. Eilidh has a little wooden chair she can stand on to help her_25_ higher up, and her artist mom gives her_26_ with things she needs.Her draw

75、ings came to peoples_27_, and an admiring fan club has begun leaving boxes of chocolates on their doorstep. _28_ mom Christine said: “Whatever comes into her head she draws it_29_. It could be quite_30_. It depends on what is happening around her. She is just drawing outside to make people_31_.”Chri

76、stine has already_32_ one broom ( 扫 帚 ) by cleaning the garage. When it rains, the chalk is washed away, and Eilidh starts again_33_ on the next dry day. Eilidh is now loving being back at_34_ as lockdown in Britain eases. And one thing is for sure this little girl is no doubt superior in her_35_ cl

77、asses.21. A. formalB. usefulC. colorfulD. neat22. A. strangeB. wildC. madD. funny23. A. illustratedB. cleanedC. repairedD. performed24. A. luckyB. encouragingC. awfulD. careful25. A. extendB. holdC. climbD. reach26. A. a handB. a liftC. a smileD. a word27. A. assistanceB. attentionC. discoveryD. imp

78、ression28. A. AmbitiousB. FortunateC. ProudD. Puzzled29. A. reasonablyB. cautiouslyC. amusinglyD. vividly30. A. reliableB. randomC. interestingD. surprising31. A. devotedB. occupiedC. curiousD. happy32. A. worn outB. tried outC. brought inD. given away33 A. with patienceB. in surpriseC. out of curio

79、sityD. for leisure34. A. homeB. neighborhoodC. schoolD. work35. A. languageB. artC. scienceD. physics【答案】21. C 22. B 23. A 24. B 25. D 26. A 27. B 28. C 29. D 30. B 31. D 32. A 33. A 34. C 35. B【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一个六岁小女孩Eilidh在她家车库的门上画了可以传达希望的信息后，在她的社区出名了。她的画引起了人们的注意，一个仰慕她的粉丝俱乐部开始在他们家门口放几盒巧克力。她的

80、母亲也为她自豪。【21题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：已经是两个孩子妈妈的Christine让她6岁的女儿Eilidh用粉笔把车库门变成了一件色彩斑斓的艺术品。A. formal正式的；B. useful有用的；C. colorful多彩的；D. neat整洁的。根据后文“the space with mermaids, dolphins, Spiderman, and dinosaurs”可知Eilidh用粉笔画了各种各样的动物，所以是把车库门变成了一件色彩斑斓的艺术品。故选C。【22题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：自2020年4月以来，Eilidh每周两次让她的想象力驰骋，在整个空间中

81、画满美人鱼、海豚、蜘蛛侠和恐龙。A. strange奇怪的；B. wild野生的；C. mad生气的；D. funny有趣的。结合上文“Eilidh has let her imagination run”指发挥想象力，让她的想象力驰骋。故选B。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：本周，她用彩虹、鲜花和一些鼓舞人心的话语为它做了插图。A. illustrated说明；B. cleaned清理；C. repaired修理；D. performed表演。根据后文“it with a rainbow, flowers, and some”可知用用彩虹、鲜花和一些鼓舞人心的话语为它做了插图。故选A。

82、【24题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：本周，她用彩虹、鲜花和一些鼓舞人心话语为它做了插图。A. lucky幸运的；B. encouraging鼓励的；C. awful糟糕的；D. careful仔细的。根据第一段中“drawing messages of hope”以及后文提到她的画让人们开心，可知她用一些鼓舞人心的话语来做了插图。故选B。【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Eilidh有一个小木椅，她可以站在上面，帮助她爬得更高，她的艺术家妈妈帮她拿她需要的东西。A. extend延伸；B. hold持有；C. climb攀登；D. reach到达。根据后文“higher up”可知用椅

83、子来到达更高的地方，reach符合语境。故选D。【26题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：Eilidh有一个小木椅，她可以站在上面，帮助她爬得更高，她的艺术家妈妈帮她拿她需要的东西。A. a hand一只手；B. a lift举起；C. a smile微笑；D. a word单词。根据前后文“gives her with things she needs”可知为短语give sb. a hand表示“帮助某人”。故选A。【27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她的画引起了人们的注意，一个仰慕她的粉丝俱乐部开始在他们家门口放几盒巧克力。A. assistance援助；B. attention注意力；C

84、. discovery发现；D. impression印象。根据后文“an admiring fan club has begun leaving boxes of chocolates on their doorstep”可知Eilidh的画引起了人们的注意，甚至有人来送巧克力。故选B。【28题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：自豪的妈妈Christine说：“她脑海中出现的任何东西，她都会生动地描绘出来。”A. Ambitious有抱负的；B. Fortunate幸运的；C. Proud骄傲的；D. Puzzled困惑的。根据上文可知Eilidh的画引起了人们的注意，因此Christine作

85、为妈妈肯定是感到自豪。故选C。【29题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：自豪的妈妈Christine说：“她脑海中出现的任何东西，她都会生动地描绘出来。”A. reasonably合理地；B. cautiously谨慎地；C. amusingly有趣地；D. vividly生动地。根据上文“Whatever comes into her head she draws it”以及上文描述Eilidh的画丰富多彩，可知Eilidh能够生动地描述自己所想。故选D。【30题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它可能是随机的。A. reliable可靠的；B. random随机的；C. interesting有

86、趣的；D. surprising惊人的。根据后文“It depends on what is happening around her.”可知Eilidh是随机作画的，根据身边发生的事情所变化。故选B。【31题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她在外面画画只是为了让人们高兴。A. devoted献身的；B. occupied忙碌的；C. curious好奇的；D. happy快乐的。根据上文“She is just drawing outside to make people”以及她写一些鼓励人的话，可知她在外面画画只是为了让人们高兴。故选D。【32题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：Christi

87、ne打扫车库时已经用坏了一把扫帚。A. worn out磨损，疲惫；B. tried out尝试；C. brought in引进；D. given away分发。根据后文“one broom by cleaning the garage”指打扫车库用坏了一把扫帚，wear out“磨损”符合语境。故选A。【33题详解】考查固定短语辨析。句意：下雨的时候，粉笔被冲走了，在下一个干燥的日子Eilidh又耐心地开始了。A. with patience耐心地；B. in surprise惊奇地；C. out of curiosity出于好奇；D. for leisure休闲。根据上文“When it

88、rains, the chalk is washed away, and Eilidh starts again”可知尽管下雨冲走了粉笔，但在下一个干燥的日子Eilidh又耐心地开始了创作。故选A。【34题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着英国的封锁解除，Eilidh现在很喜欢回到学校。A. home家；B. neighborhood邻居；C. school学校；D. work工作。根据后文“as lockdown in Britain eases”可知封锁解除，Eilidh回到了学校。故选C。【35题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：有一件事是肯定的这个小女孩在艺术课上无疑是出类拔萃的。A. l

89、anguage语言；B. art艺术；C. science科学；D. physics物理。呼应第二段中“art project with chalk” Eilidh有绘画天赋，所以在艺术课上无疑是出类拔萃的。故选B。第二节（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Electric vehicles are better for the climate than gas-powered cars, but many Americans are still hesitant to buy them. One reaso

90、n: the larger upfront cost (前期成本).New data_36_ (publish) Thursday shows that despite the higher sticker price, electric cars may actually save drivers money in the long run.To reach this_37_ (conclude), a team at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology calculated both the carbon dioxide emissions_

91、38_ full lifetime cost including purchase price, maintenance and fuel for nearly every new car model on the market. They found electric cars were _39_ (easy) more climate friendly than gas-burning ones. Over a lifetime, they were often_40_ (cheap), too.Climate scientists say vehicle electrification

92、is one of the best ways_41_ (reduce) planet-warming greenhouse gas emissions. In the United States, the transportation sector is the largest source of emissions, most of_42_ come from cars and trucks.Jessika Trancik, _43_ associate professor of energy studies at M.I.T. who led the research, _44_ (sa

93、y) the data would “help people learn about how those upfront costs are spread over the lifetime of the car.” For electric cars, lower costs of maintenance and charging compared_45_ gasoline prices tend to offset (抵消) the higher upfront price over time.【答案】36. published 37. conclusion 38. and 39. eas

94、ily 40. cheaper 41. to reduce / of reducing 42. which 43. an 44. said 45. with / to【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。电动汽车比汽油动力汽车更适合气候变化，但许多美国人仍然犹豫是否要购买它们。一个原因是: 较大的前期成本。【详解】1.考查非谓语动词。句意：周四发布的最新数据显示，尽管电动汽车的标价较高，但从长远来看，电动汽车实际上可能为驾驶者省钱。分析句子可知，1 (publish) Thursday为后置定语修饰句子主语new data，动词publish与句子主语为动宾关系，所以此处要用过去分词。故填publi

95、shed。2.考查名词。句意：为了得出这个结论，麻省理工学院的一个研究小组计算了市场上几乎所有新车型的二氧化碳排放量，包括购买价格、维护费用和燃料费用。根据设空前的定冠词the，可知此处要用名词。短语reach the conclusion，意为“得出结论”，故填conclusion。3.考查连词。句意同上。both.and.，意为“两者都”，结合both the carbon dioxide emissions，可知空白处要用and。故填and。4.考查副词。句意：他们发现电动汽车比燃气汽车更环保。根据设空后形容词more climate friendly，可知此处要用副词来修饰形容词。故填

96、easily。5.考查比较级。句意：一生中，它们通常也更便宜。根据上文的more climate friendly及下文的too，可知此处和上文的内容为并列关系，所以也要用比较级。故填cheaper。6.考查固定搭配。句意：气候科学家说，汽车电气化是减少温室气体排放的最佳途径之一。短语way to do sth./way of doing sth.，意为“的方法”，结合设空前the best ways,故填to reduce/of reducing。7.考查定语从句。句意：在美国，交通部门是最大的排放源，大部分来自汽车和卡车。分析可知，most of7come from cars and tr

97、ucks在句中为非限制性定语从句,先行词是“emissions”，此处指“多数的排放源”，结合most of可知，本句中使用了“介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词指物，所以用关系代词which。故填which。8.考查冠词。句意：麻省理工学院能源研究副教授杰西卡 特兰西克领导了这项研究，他说，这些数据将“帮助人们了解这些前期成本是如何在汽车使用寿命中分摊的。”分析可知，杰西卡 特兰西克为第一次提到，表示泛指关系。associate的首个音素为元音音素，所以要用不定冠词an。故填an。9.考查时态。句意同上。分析可知，设空处在句中为谓语，根据前文中的led可知，此处要用一般过去时。故

98、填said。10.考查介词。句意：对于电动汽车，随着时间的推移,相比汽油价格,较低的维护和充电成本往往可以抵消较高的前期价格。固定短语compare to/with，意为“与相比”，故填with / to。第三部分 写作（共两节，满分 40 分） 第一节（满分 15 分）46. 假定你是李华，你校将在端午节期间组织一次去敬老院的志愿者活动。请用英语给你校外国留学生写一个通知，内容包括：1. 活动时间、地点；2. 活动内容。注意:1. 词数 80 左右;2. 请在答题卡相应位置作答。【答案】Notice I am writing to tell you that there will be a

99、volunteer activity held by our school from 8.am to 3.pm during the Dragon-Boat Festival. Happiness Nursing Home which is next to our school is our destination. After arriving there, we will clean the windows and sweep the floor for them.Then some of us will perform activities for them，such as singin

100、g songs and dancing.Some of us read newspaper for them.From this meaningful activity，we will know that we should treat our own grandparents more kindly.Anyone who is interested in it will be welcomed. LiHua【解析】【分析】这是一篇应用文，学校将在端午节期间组织一次去敬老院的志愿者活动,请考生用英语给所在学校的校外国留学生写一个通知。【详解】1. 词汇积累对感兴趣：be interested

101、intake an interest in告知：tellinform使干净：cleanwipe有意义的：meaningfulsignificant2. 句式拓展合并简单句原句：Then some of us will perform activities for them,such as singing songs and dancing拓展句：Then some of us will perform activities for them,such as singing songs and dancing,which will make the old pleased and excited

102、.【点睛】高分句型1 Happiness Nursing Home which is next to our school is our destination.（which 引导的定语从句）高分句型2 From this meaningful activity，we will know that we should treat our own grandparents more kindly.（that引导的宾语从句）第二节（满分 25 分）47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。On a beautiful Thursday of this Apr

103、il, Amy and Alan Green took their daughter Abbey out for a walk in the neighborhood. On their way back, Amy picked up a kite for Abbey from the Dollar Tree, blue with rainbowsthere are a lot of rainbows decorating homes around the region these days, which helps make life less dull during the coronav

104、irus pandemic.In the afternoon, Abbey took the kite out for its first flight. At first, the wind was perfect. It took the kite high in the sky. However, suddenly, the wind became much stronger and whipped the kite out of Abbeys hands in a moment. It sailed farther and farther and finally got stuck o

105、n the power lines next to a big tree, wrapping itself over and over again around the wires. Since the kite was too high for them to reach, the Greens could do nothing about it. Worried less about the kite than the potential danger it might present to the lines, Amy called National Grid to report the

106、 incident.About one hour later, Mike, a worker from the power company arrived. He carefully unwound the kite line from the wires. After about 10 minutes effort, he successfully freed it. But unfortunately, as the kite was wrapped so tightly, there was some unpreventable damage. Still, he presented i

107、t at the door to Alan Green. As he left, he noticed Abbey took the kite to the backyard. Out of curiosity, he stood there for a while to see how the girl would deal with it. Surprisingly, she dug a hole and buried the kite in a shoebox! Even though he could not see the girls face clearly, he knew ex

108、actly how sad Abbey could be. He really felt bad for her. And it was at that moment that he decided to do something.注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。The next day, Alan went out to get the mail as usual._Deeply moved by this act of kindness, Alan posted the whole story on the Internet._【答案】Para 1

109、:The next day, Alan went out to get the mail as usual. To his surprise, there was a new kitea cute robin with beautiful feathers-in the box along with a note written on the National Grids notepaper. “I felt bad for your daughter, so I hope this new kite could make her smile,” it read. “Stay safe and

110、 healthy!” The note was unsigned.Para 2:Deeply moved by this act of kindness, Alan posted the whole story on the Internet. Soon, word got back to National Grid, which quickly identified Mike, the worker who had carefully saved the kite from the wires. He told that as he saw Abbey burying the kite, h

111、e thought of his own little sister and knew it well that the girl must be extremely sad. So after he left the Greens house for more service calls that afternoon, he stopped by a shop to buy the new kite and sent it to the family. He didnt expect to be recognized, but Alans post led to his identity b

112、eing revealed, which resulted in the story being shared and liked by millions of people throughout the Internet.【解析】【分析】本文以风筝为线索展开，讲述了Amy给女儿Abbey买了漂亮的风筝，结果放风筝时，风筝挂在了高高的电线上，他们担心会给线路带来隐患，打电话求助于国家电网电工Mike为Abbey摘下风筝，可惜由于缠绕造成的损伤，风筝已经不能放飞了。Mike注意到了Abbey的伤心，为她网购了一个风筝。这是一个令人感动的善举故事。【详解】1.段落续写：由第一段首句内容“第二天，A

113、lan像往常一样出去取邮件。”可知，第一段可描写Alan取回邮件，发现了一只漂亮的风筝，惊喜感动的心情。由第二段首句内容“被这一善举深深地感动了，Alan把整个故事都贴到了网上。”可知，第二段可描写Alan发帖后，故事的传播和人们对Mike善举的赞美。2.续写线索：发现惊喜感动传播感谢赞美3.词汇激活行为类买：buy/ purchase 导致：result in/ contribute to顺便访问：stop by/ stop in情绪类惊讶：to ones surprise/ to ones astonishment悲伤：sad/ heartbroken【点睛】高分句型1. Soon, word got back to National Grid, which quickly identified Mike, the worker who had carefully saved the kite from the wires.(运用了who引导定语从句)高分句型2. He told that as he saw Abbey burying the kite, he thought of his own little sister and knew it well that the girl must be extremely sad.( 运用了that引导宾语从句)