2021届高考英语一轮复习 阅读理解分类练习 专题06 阅读理解之七选五学与练（含解析）.doc

1、专题06阅读理解之七选五学与练Part 1整体感知七选五题目特点文体特点高考全国卷七选五的文章体裁大都是说明文。这种文体的文章结构严谨、脉络清晰、层次分明、逻辑性强，便于考生在阅读的基础上进行综合理解。题目形式阅读材料一般是一篇长度为300词左右的短文，其中正文为240词左右，备选项为60词左右；七个选项都与短文相关，选项多为完整的句子，句型不一，长短不同，通常有短到长，通常由短到长排列。设空方式依据挖空位置，可将5个题目分为段首、段中题和段尾题；依据句子在文中的作用，可分为“主旨概括句（涉及文章整体内容）”“过渡句（反映文章结构）”和“细节注释句（反映上下文的逻辑关系）”三个类型。根据阅读七

2、选五的题型特点及命题方式，我们可以从“位置”和“作用”两个角度来解题。Part 2 解题技巧1. 段首题逻辑关系具体解读主旨句常以段落小标题或主题句的形式出现。承上启下句此空出的答案能够将上段和下段的内容连贯起来。典题例证（2019.全国卷I节选） 40 While the suns rays can age and harm our skin, they also give is beneficial Vitamin D. To make sure you get enough Vitamin D but still protect your skin put on sunscreen ri

3、ght as you head outside. It takes sunscreen about fifteen minutes to start working, and thats plenty of time for your skin to absorb a days worth of Vitamin D.F. Just as importantly, we tend to associate air with health care.D. Another side benefit of getting fresh air is sunlight.解析：本题考查的是段首句的选择。根据

4、设空处后提到的“the suns rays”，“ Vitamin D”和“sunscreen”可知，本段讲述了阳光对人体的好处，因此D选项符合语境。2. 段中题逻辑关系具体解读例证关系前后的某句是为了证明另一句而举的例子。例证的形式具有多样性，思维过程基本是归纳（从例子到观点）和推理（从观点到例子）。常见的表示例证关系的标志性词语有：for example，for instance，in fact/as a matter of fact, actually, in other words/that is to say等转折关系若空格前后两句之间是逻辑上的逆转，则空格处很有可能表示转折。表示转折

5、关系的标志性词语有：but， however，yet，while/though/although，or/otherwise，on the contrary, instead, nevertheless(然而)，still，in contrast/comparison, by comparison等。因果关系表示因果关系的标志性词语有：so, therefore, thus, consequently, as a result (of), so/suchthat, so that等。递进关系若空格前两句之间是逻辑上的层进关系，则空格处很可能是个表示递进关系的句子。表示递进关系的标志性词语有：to

6、o，also，besides，further，furthermore，moreover，likewise，similarly，whats more，whats worse，in addition，as well，to make matters worse, notbut等。并列关系表示并列关系的标志性词语有：and，firstly, secondly; first, then/next, finally/last; for one thing, for another thing等。典题例证（2017.全国卷II节选）If you have a door to your office, mak

7、e good use of it. 40 .If someone knocks and its not an important matter. excuse yourself and let the person know youre busy so they can get the hint(暗示) than when the door is closed,youre not to be disturbed.A.If youre busy, dont feel bad about saying noB. When you want to avoid interruptions at wor

8、kC. Set boundaries for yourself as your time goesD. If youre in the other persons office or in a public areaE. Its important that you let them know when youll be availableF. It might seem unkind to cut people short when they interrupt youG.Leave it open when youre available to talk and close it when

9、 youre not解析：本题考查的是对段中句的选择。设空处的前一句建议要充分利用办公室的门来避免受到打扰，而选项G中的it正好指代前句中的a door, 再根据选项G中的leave it open，close it以及该空后一句中的knocks等词汇的搭配使用，可判断答案为G。3. 段尾题逻辑关系具体解读总结句用于总结本段内容，常含有总结性的词语。承上启下句此空处的答案能够将上段和下段的内容连贯起来。阅读七选五题型考查的实质就是文中信息点和选项信息点的对应，文中信息点与选项信息点通常以词汇复现的方式来帮忙，所以找到复现词汇也就找到了解题关键点。典题例证（2018.全国卷I节选）The lar

10、ge color decisions in your rooms concern the walls, ceilings, and floors .Whether youre looking at wallpaper or paint, the time, effort and relative expense put into it are significant. 40 .A. While all of them are useful B. Whatever youre looking for C. If youre experimenting with a color D. Small

11、color choices are the ones were most familiar with E. Its not really a good idea to use too many small color pieces F. So it pays to be sure, because you want to get it right the first time 解析：本题考查的是对段尾句的选则。设空处前面的内容指出大面积的颜色设计主要涉及墙面、天花板和地板，进行选择会花费大量的时间、精力和金钱，所以引出F项的结果，即大面积的颜色设计要一次性确定好。而设空出作为全文最后一句，也能

12、说明其应该是总结句，而非过渡句。F选项中出现了so这一表结论性的词，同时根据语句间的逻辑关系及语义连贯性，可知答案为F。1. 利用词汇复现找对应词汇复现是为了保证文章前后衔接而经常使用的一种写作手段，即作者在文章上下文不同的位置对同一概念进行重复描述。词汇复现主要是指原词复现、同源词复现、同义词复现、近义词复现、反义词复现等。通过寻找复现词汇可迅速确定答案。2. 利用同范畴词找对应同范畴词是指与词汇相关或同一领域的词汇在文章中同时出现，达到语义衔接的目的。考生可以在选项中找到与此词汇最接近的词，从而达到快而准确地确定答案的目的。一般来说，上下文中词汇联系的越接近，其衔接关系就越紧密。3. 利用

13、代词找对应英语表达中代词出现的频率极高。在精读各段和各选项的过程中，一定要注意句子中出现的人称代词或指示代词，特别是选项中以及空格前后句子中出现的代词。根据代词的单复数及其在句子中所做的成分，可以找出代词指代的名词或句子，从而帮助解题。it代指单数可数名词或整个句子；they或them指点复数名词；one代指可数名词单数；that指代不可数名词或整个句子；this指代单数可数名词或句子；these或those指代前句的复数名词。Part 3七选五仿真组合练APerhaps you have heard the expression “When in Rome, do as the Romans

14、 do.” So when you want to do business in France, you have to get to know French culture, make marketing plans, and run your business by local laws._1_ The French take great pride in their language, so anyone who does not speak it may run the risk of being disrespected by his French colleagues or bus

15、iness partners.Also, another reason why learning French is important is that it is a great way to show every possible French business partner that you care and respect their countrys culture and language.The first thing that you should do when meeting someone new is to shake his hand firmly and alwa

16、ys look at the person in the eye.In social meetings with friends, kissing is common.Use first names only after being invited to._2_ The French will sometimes introduce themselves using their surname first, followed by their first name.Dress well._3_ Your business clothing is a reflection of your suc

17、cess and social status.Always try to be tasteful and stylish.Women are advised to dress simply but elegantly.Wearing makeup is practiced widely by businesswomen.The French are passionate about food, so lunches are common in doing business in France, which usually consist of an appetizer, a main meal

18、 with wine, cheese, dessert and coffee, and normally take up to two hours._4_Do not begin eating until the host says “bon appetite”. Pass dishes to the left, keep wrists above the table and try to eat everything on the plate._5_ This may suggest that you find the food tasteless.If eating in a restau

19、rant, the person who makes an invitation always pays.ARemember to be as polite as possible.BThis is a time for relationship building.CUse Monsieur or Madame before the surname.DBe careful with adding salt, pepper or sauces to your food.EMake an appointment with your business partner in advance.FThe

20、French draw information about people based on their appearance.GLanguage should be the focus of anyone planning to do business in France.B(2019济南模拟)Talking to yourself may seem a little shameful. According to the wellknown saying, talking to yourself is the first sign of madness._6_. Talking to ours

21、elves, whether out loud or silently in our heads, is a valuable tool for thoughts. Far from being a sign of madness, selftalk allows us to plan what we are going to do, manage our activities, and even regulate our emotions._7_. You are very likely to hear him/her talking to himself/herself: offering

22、 himself/herself directions and giving voice to his/her frustrations. Psychologists refer to this as private speech that is spoken but directed at the self. We do a lot of it when we are young.As children, according to the Russian psychologist Lev Vygotsky, we use private speech to regulate our acti

23、ons in the same way that we use public speech to control the behavior of others._8_， we dont abandon this system we internalize (使内在化) it. Psychological experiments have shown that this socalled inner speech can improve our performance on tasks ranging from judging what other people are thinking to

24、sorting images into categories._9_. One recent study suggested that selftalk is the most effective when we address ourselves as “you” rather than “I”We internalize the private speech we used as children but we never entirely put away the loud version._10_， turn on the sports channel. Youre bound to

25、see an athlete or two gearing themselves up with a tart phrase or scolding themselves after a bad shot.AAs we grow olderBIf you want the proofCGo with your friends to debateDBut theres no need for embarrassmentEAlthough we may think it seems silly to talk to ourselves secretlyFThe effect of our word

26、s can give us a valuable perspective on our actionsGTake a trip to any preschool and watch a small child playing with his/her toysC(2019武汉模拟)Perhaps at one point in time, it is acceptable to start any letter or email with “To Whom It May Concern”_11_ Starting your cover letter or email for a job thi

27、s way might give the impression that you didnt do your research on who youre writing to._12_ After all, people who address other people by their names when writing and speaking to them tend to be more pleasant._13_ It can be used in letters of recommendation or reference, formal complaints (抱怨) made

28、 to a company, letters of introduction, and letters of interest.Grammarly uses the example of needing to write a letter of recommendation for a colleague who will have to make several copies to distribute to interviewers._14_ “In most cases, though, try to narrow your focus rather than cast a broad

29、net，” notes Grammarly.“Ask yourself Who does this email concern？ If you can honestly answer Anyone， then feel free to use “To Whom It May Concern.” (These are the things you should never say in your cover letter.)If you do happen to find that using “To Whom It May Concern” is appropriate, dont make

30、grammar mistakes, for example, letters or punctuation._15_AHowever, it may be interesting.BThose times have changed, though.CMaking mistakes in writing will surely get you low scores.DIts also very impersonal, and some employers might not appreciate it.EIn that circumstance, sending and receiving le

31、tters is more of a formal greeting.FYou might want to take note of other common errors you might be committing, too.GBut according to Grammarly, there are four times when its OK to use this greeting.D(2019四川省绵阳市诊断性考试)Stress is so common that many people choose to ignore it.But without right manageme

32、nt, stress can be something much more serious._16_ They allow you to continue living your life in a healthy, happy manner.BreatheThe stressrelief technique that pretty much everyones heard of, the act of breathing nonetheless remains an important point as any when it comes to cooling down the angry

33、blood thats raging (发怒) around your body._17_Write_18_Scribble (涂写) your feelings onto a piece of paper.They dont even have to make sense.Just punch (按键) away at your computer on a daytoday basis for five or ten minutes, and you might be surprised at how light, and carefree you feel afterwards._19_L

34、aughing allows us to take in a momentous supply of fresh oxygen from the air, stimulating (刺激) the muscles and providing our system with some healthy shock treatment that eases tension brought on by stress.Laughing is something we need to do everyday to stay healthy, and is a great way to keep the b

35、ad effects of stress at bay.SleepSleep is absolutely essential for avoiding high stress levels.Everyone needs good amounts of rest, and by remaining glued (寸步不离) to a computer screen for the entire day without taking a break, your body will suffer the consequences, and stress will rise as a result._

36、20_ACryBLaughCStress can build up in anyone.DListed here are 4 ways to cope with stress.EType away at your desk and channel your emotions into your harddrive.FTaking along, deep breath to calm yourself is medically proven to be beneficial.GTake frequent breaks away from the screen, get some sleep, a

37、nd see your stress ease up.答案：A 1选G根据本段后面的内容可知，法国人为他们的语言感到骄傲，所以想在法国做生意，学习法语是很重要的。G项“任何打算在法国做生意的人都应该关注语言”与下文联系紧密，故选G。2选C结合空处前后的内容可以看出，本段就名字的使用提出了建议，而与名字的使用相关的是C项“在姓之前使用先生或夫人”，故选C。3选F本段的中心句是第一句“Dress well.”，接着就服饰方面提出了一些建议，故空处应选F项“法国人根据人们的外表来获取信息”。4选B根据本段第一句可知，法国人酷爱食物，在法国做生意时，共进午餐是很常见的，且午餐用时多达两个小时。那么，共

38、进午餐的时间也是建立关系的时间，B项符合语境。5选D本段就餐桌礼仪方面提出了建议。D项“在食物中加入盐、胡椒粉或酱汁时要小心”与下一句“这可能表明你觉得饭菜没味儿”衔接紧密，故本空选D。B 6选D根据第一段第二句和本段介绍自言自语的好处可知，本段首句为表示转折的过渡句，故D项符合语境。7选G空格后讲的是很容易听到小孩子自己跟自己说话，所以G项“去任何一家幼儿园看一个小孩子玩他/她的玩具”符合语境。8选A空格前介绍的是孩提时代自言自语的情况，后面应该是这种情况在长大后的改变，故A项符合语境。9选F上文讲的是心理学实验证实了自言自语的正面作用，故此处是继续叙述其积极影响，且与本段最后一句中的研究有

39、顺承关系，故F项符合语境。10选B空处下文讲的是在体育频道可以看到一些运动员的表现，这些都是证据。故B项“如果你想要证据的话”符合语境。C 11选B上文说也许在某一个阶段，以“敬启者”开始任何信件或电子邮件是可以接受的，下文说以这种方式开始为求职(写的)附函或电子邮件可能会给人留下这样的印象：你没有对你要写信给谁作研究。由此可知，空处与上文形成语意上的转折关系，故选B。12选D上文说以这种方式开始你的为求职(写的)附函或电子邮件可能会给人留下这样的印象：你没有对你要写信给谁作研究，D项“这也很没有人情味，有些雇主可能不喜欢这样”，承接上文，故选D。13选G下文说它可以用于推荐信、投诉公司的正式

40、信件、介绍信和意向书。而G项“但是根据Grammarly的说法，可以有四种场合使用这种问候语”符合语境。下文是对上文的具体解释，其中“four times”为提示词，故选G。14选E上文Grammarly举了这样一个例子：需要为一位同事写一封推荐信，而这位同事需要复印几份以分发给面试官，E项“在这种情况下，收发信件更像是一种正式的问候”与上文内容相承接，故选E。15选F上文说不要犯语法错误，例如，字母或标点符号，F项“你可能还想注意你可能正在犯的其他常见错误”，且F项中的“errors”与上文中的“mistakes”相呼应，故选F。D 16选D下文提到他们会让你继续以一种健康、快乐的方式生活，再结合下面几段列举的四种应对压力的方法可知，应选D。17选F根据小标题可知，本段主要介绍了呼吸减压法，F项中提到了深呼吸减压法，符合题意。18选E下文提到把自己的压力写在一张纸上，E项谈到在桌边把你的情绪打出来，符合题意。19选B根据下文可知，本段主要讲述的是大笑减压法，故选B项。20选G此段讲述的是睡眠减压法，同时还提到了坐在电脑前寸步不离会伤害身体，G项谈到远离电脑屏幕，好好睡觉让压力得以缓解，符合题意。