2022版新高考英语人教版一轮学案：必修3 UNIT 4　ASTRONOMY THE SCIENCE OF THE STARS WORD版含解析.doc

1、高考资源网（） 您身边的高考专家astronomy n.solar adj.atom n.billion pron&n.&adj.globe n.carbon n.fundamental adj.presence n.dissolve vt.&vi.acid n.chain n.multiply vi.&vt.oxygen n.mammal ndioxide n.biology n.biologist n.gravity n.satellite n.physicist nextinct adj.spaceship n.lessen vi.&vt.weightlessly adv.cabin e

2、t n 1(2020天津卷)Making a fulllength clay(黏土) figure would not exhaust my strengthand that is what I intend to do!用尽；用完2(2020全国卷) “We floated the idea to my mum of sharing a house，” says Kathryn Whitehead.提出(想法)3(2019北京卷)Phytoplankton live at the ocean surface, where they pull carbon dioxide(二氧化碳) into

3、 the ocean while giving off oxygen.排入4(2017浙江卷)Mac heard a large vehicle behind him. He pulled in front of it as the wolf was catching up fast, just a dozen yards away now.停车单词拼写运用核心单词语境运用1atmosphere n大气层； 气氛2 exhaust vt.用尽；耗尽；使精疲力尽3thus adv.因此；于是4gentle adj.温和的；文雅的5climate n气候6crash vi.&vt.碰撞；坠落7pu

4、ll n&vt.拉(力)；拖；牵引力8float vi.&vt.(使)浮动；(使)漂浮n漂浮物9system n系统；体系；制度10theory n学说；理论用所给词的适当形式填空。1A truck went out of control and crashed (crash) into the back of a bus.2He found something floating (float) on the lake, which frightened him.3After his journey from abroad，Richard Jones returned home，exhaust

5、ed (exhaust)4The old scientist told his students that scientific theories (theory) must be based on facts.5My uncles car caught fire suddenly.Fortunately, he was pulled (pull) out of the car by a passerby.派生单词语境运用1violent adj.猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的violence n暴力violently adv.暴力地；猛烈地2like vt.喜欢 prep.像unlike prep.

6、与不同；不像 dislike vt.不喜欢；讨厌3harm n&vt.伤害harmful adj.有害的 harmless adj.无害的4exist vi.存在；生存existence n存在；生存5puzzle n谜；难题 vt.&vi.(使)迷惑；(使)为难puzzled adj.感到困惑的puzzling adj.令人困惑的6religion n宗教；宗教信仰religious adj.宗教上的；信奉宗教的；虔诚的7 react v反应 reaction n反应；回应 用所给词的适当形式填空。1There was a puzzled look on the little girls f

7、ace because a puzzling problem puzzled her.(puzzle) 2In the face of violence, people can act violently if they feel threatened.(violence)3Playing computer games does harm to your physical health, and it is also harmful to your mental health.So there is no harm in advising you to give it up.(harm)4He

8、 doesnt believe in any religion but meanwhile he respects others religious freedom.(religion)5Do you believe in the existence of ghosts? Perhaps they only exist in the minds of some people.(exist)短语理解运用高频短语语境运用1in time及时；终于2prevent.from阻止；制止3cheer up感到高兴；感到振奋4give birth to产生；分娩5in ones turn 轮到某人6wat

9、ch out for密切注意；当心；提防7break out突发；爆发8block out挡住(光线)9get the hang of熟悉；掌握；理解填入一个适当的词。A conflict broke out when the villagers tried to prevent the factory workers from sending waste water into their fields. The villagers had been watching out for the waste water for several weeks. It was, they conclud

10、ed, very harmful to their crops, thus giving birth to a fierce quarrel. Officials came just in time to stop the situation getting worse. They managed to block out the anger of the villagers, promising to punish the factory for what they had done. On hearing this, the villagers cheered up and the con

11、flict ended finally.句式辨识运用教材原句背诵句式结构仿写1make it adj.to do This produced a chain reaction，which made it possible for life to develop.科技的发展会让我们有可能知道宇宙是如何形成的。The development of science and technology will make it possible to know how the universe came into existence.2倍数表达法But when I tried to step forwar

12、d，I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.我付出的时间和精力是以前的三倍多，所以我相信我这次能成功。I have devoted three times as much time and energy as I did before，so I believe I will succeed this time.3now that引导原因状语从句.walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed.(2018全国卷)既然你对我校这

13、么感兴趣，为什么不来看看呢？Now that you are so interested in our school, why not come here and have a look？1harmful adj.有害的高考原句2020全国卷These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when theyre short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater.(1)be harmful to对有

14、害harmless adj.无害的(2)harm n&v.伤害cause/do harm to .对造成伤害/有害(3)there is no harm in doing sth.做某事没有害处 a harmful insect害虫the harmful effects of tobacco烟草的害处be harmful to childrens teeth对儿童的牙齿有害基础练习单句语法填空Some plants and animals contain natural poisons that are harmful(harm) to people.(2019浙江卷)However, no

15、praise from parents also does harm to their selfconfidence.He may not be able to help but theres no harm in asking(ask) him.链接写作一句多译有些男生对玩电脑游戏简直到了痴迷的程度， 这对他们的健康非常有害。 Some boys are too crazy about playing computer games, which is very harmful to their health(harmful)Some boys are too crazy about play

16、ing computer games, which does great harm to their health(harm)2exist vi.存在；生存高考原句2020新高考全国卷 And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions(份), its the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid.(1)exist in在于exist onlive on

17、靠生存There exist(s).有(2)existence n存在；实有；生活；生活方式come into existence出现；产生(3)existing adj.现存的；现行的基础练习单句语法填空You cant imagine what difficulty they have existing on the little money hes earning.(2019北京卷) A lot of business is still done over the phone, and much of it is based on trust and existing (exist) r

18、elationships.(2019江苏卷) So scientists are trying their best to save the species from going out of existence(exist). 链接写作完成句子长期以来，关于宇宙的起源科学家之间就有不同的理论。Ever since a long time ago, there have existed different theories among scientists on how the universe first came into existence名师点津exist是不及物动词，不能用于被动语态

19、和进行时。3puzzle n谜；难题 vt.&vi.(使)迷惑；(使)为难高考原句2020全国卷Some parents will buy any hightech toy if they think it will help their child, but researchers said puzzles help children with mathrelated skills.(1)puzzle about/over sth. 苦苦思索；仔细琢磨a puzzle to sb.一件让某人感到困惑的事情(2)puzzled adj.感到困惑的be puzzled about 对迷惑不解(3

20、)puzzling adj.令人困惑的(4)puzzlement n困惑a puzzled look疑惑的表情a puzzling question令人疑惑的问题a word puzzle字谜基础练习单句语法填空People have long puzzled about/over how the Egyptians moved such large rocks.When the little girl was asked such a puzzling (puzzle) question, she stood there with a surprised look on her face.H

21、earing the managers explanation, he had a puzzled(puzzle) expression on his face.Much to the puzzlement (puzzle) of his mother，he left home without saying a word.链接写作完成句子(2020全国卷) What puzzles me most(最让我困惑的) about the play is how we should use proper stage languages for different roles.The cause of

22、 the fire was a puzzle to the firemen(让消防队员困惑的事情)4in time及时；终于；迟早(1)in time for.刚好赶上in time to do sth.刚好赶上/及时做某事(2)on time准时in no time立刻， 赶快， 马上at a time每次，一次at one time曾经；一度at times有时at no time在任何时候都不，从来没有at the same time同时；尽管如此基础练习单句语法填空 (2018全国卷)I still cant believe what a coincidence it was.Im j

23、ust so glad I was there in time to help (help)my son.It is important to pay your electricity bill on time, as late payments may affect your credit.The manager wants to see changes in the company, and I am sure he will in time.At no time did they actually break the rules of the game.It was unfair to

24、punish them.Each student is allowed to borrow two books at a time from the school library.链接写作完成句子曾经我甚至感到我父母不理解我，我希望我能脱离他们。At one time, I even felt my parents couldnt understand me so I hoped I could be free from them.旅行似乎是漫长的，但是我们将及时赶到那里。The journey may seem long，but we shall get there in time5in o

25、nes turn轮到某人(1)take turns doing/to do sth.轮流做某事Its ones turn (to do sth.)轮到某人(做某事)了 (2)by turns轮流着in turn反过来；依次基础练习单句语法填空At the meeting they took turns to put/putting (put) forward a number of suggestions aiming to promote the reform of education system.Its my turn to pick (pick) up the kids after s

26、chool this week.The two daughters looked after their sick mother by turns.链接写作完成句子/句式升级人们使用自己的小汽车以避免公共交通延误，反过来，这又造成更多的问题。(普通表达)People try to avoid public transportation delays by using their own cars, and this in turn creates more problems.(高级表达)People try to avoid public transportation delays by us

27、ing their own cars，which in turn creates more problems(非限制性定语从句)6cheer up感到高兴；感到振奋(1)cheer sb.on以喝彩声鼓励某人；为某人加油(2)cheering adj.能鼓舞人的；使人振作/高兴的cheerful adj.快乐的；高兴的；兴高采烈的(3)Cheers！(用于祝酒)干杯！burst into cheers突然欢呼起来cheer their sports teams为他们的运动队加油基础练习单句语法填空Im thinking of the test tomorrow.Im afraid I cant

28、 pass it this time.Cheer up! Im sure you will make it.Cathy didnt expect any award but was still there to cheer on her friends and praise their accomplishments.链接写作词汇升级/完成句子(普通表达)When Im feeling sad, my mother tells me funny stories to make me happy.(高级表达)When Im feeling depressed, my mother tells m

29、e funny stories to cheer me up中国女排运动员们一出现，观众们就欢呼起来。The moment the players of the Chinese Women Volleyball Team turned up, the audience burst into cheers7教材佳句P26This produced a chain reaction，which made it possible for life to develop.这就产生了连锁反应，使生命的发展成为可能。句法句式句中为“make itadj.for sb.to do sth.”句型， 其中it

30、作形式宾语，真正的宾语为for life to develop。(1)makeit形容词/名词that从句makeit形容词/名词to do不定式makeitno good/no use/no value .doing sth.(2)常用于这种句型的动词有：make，think，consider，find，feel等。金句推送To make it easier for us to get in touch, youd better keep this card at hand.为了更便于联系，你最好将这张卡片放在身边。基础练习单句语法填空(2018浙江卷)I have much experie

31、nce in voluntary work, so I find it a good idea to apply (apply)for the position.Susan made it clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself.He is stubborn, which makes it no use quarrelling(quarrel) with him about it.链接写作句式升级(普通表达)I think reading in bed is no good，which does great harm

32、 to your eyes.(高级表达)I think it no good reading in bed，which does great harm to your eyes.(形式宾语)8教材佳句P31But when I tried to step forward，I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.但当我试着向前迈步时，我发觉我被送出去很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍，因而我摔倒了。句法句式句中twice as far as.是一种倍数的表示方法，意为“是的两倍远”。常见的倍数句型：(1).

33、倍数asadj./adv.as.(2).倍数形容词比较级/副词比较级than.(3).倍数the size/length/height/depth/widthof.金句推送Its said that the power plant is now twice as large as what it was. 据说该发电厂现在是以前的两倍大。基础练习单句语法填空The electronic waste stream is increasing three times faster(fast) than traditional garbage as a whole.The new stadium b

34、eing built for the 2022 Asian Games will be three times the height(high) of the present one.This famous company has produced twice as many electric vehicles this year as last year.链接写作一句多译 (2018全国卷)这部短片讲述了我们学校的发展。现在，我们的学校面积是十年前的三倍大。The short film tells about the development of our school, which is t

35、hree times as big as it was ten years ago.The short film tells about the development of our school, which is twice bigger than it was ten years ago.The short film tells about the development of our school, which is three times the size of the one ten years ago.名师点津表示“两倍”时要用double或twice，三倍或三倍以上用“基数词t

36、imes”。有时我们也用分数、百分数、half等代替倍数。夯基固本基础强化.用所给词的正确形式填空。1It was the culture，rather than the language，that made it hard for him to adapt(adapt) to the new environment.2Can you tell the subtle difference between the words “require” and “request”？ I sometimes get puzzled(puzzle) by their meanings.3What is kn

37、own to us all is that drinking too much is harmful(harm) to your health.4The Peoples Republic of China came into existence (exist) as an independent country in 19495Last night, Mrs.Green had a heart attack.But luckily, the doctor came in time to save(save) her life.在空白处填入一个适当的词。1Though injured serio

38、usly, he tried to cheer up, hoping to make his parents less worried.2Getting angry not only does harm to ones health but also has a bad effect on the relationship between people.3Now that we have finished designing, the company, in its turn, should do the constructing work.4They want to make it clea

39、r to the public that the clean workers do an important and necessary job.5Even though there were only ten minutes left, I was in time for the lecture.查缺补漏知识拾遗.用所给词的正确形式填空。1Some insects have been found living (live) for several years without any water.2Her mother strongly objected to her marriage.Sur

40、prisingly, her reaction(react) to the objection was rather calm.3(2019全国卷)It is difficult to figure out a global(globe) population of polar bears as much of the range has been poorly studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20，00025，000 polar bears worldwide.4(2019江苏卷)Steve moved

41、to the piano and sat at the bench, hands trembling as he gently(gentle) placed his fingers on the keys.5The schoolmaster said that some measures should be taken to stop school violence(violent)6During those four years, he worked day and night, thus improving(improve) his theory gradually until it wa

42、s complete.在空白处填入一个适当的词。1Whether the buildings in this area should be pulled down has remained controversial; people are still looking for other possible solutions.2Now that you are fond of traditional Chinese culture, I think this is a great opportunity that you cannot miss.3The conversation was ca

43、rried on in a harmonious and friendly atmosphere.4At last the firefighters put out the fire, which broke out in the supermarket at ten this morning.5If we dont take steps, Tibetan antelopes and giant pandas will die out some day just as dinosaurs.强技提能语言应用.语法填空短文中黑体部分为本单元核心知识点，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形

44、式，并背诵该短文。Unlike other stars in space, the moon is a satellite of our planetthe earth, the only one suitable for life in the solar system. From ancient times, people wished to be able to float in the air or travel to the moon. They even 1imagined(imagine) living on the moon. However, it is impossible

45、 for people 2to live(live) on the moon, for there is no 3existence(exist) of atmosphere, 4especially(especial) no oxygen and the climate is violent. Now 5that we cant live on the moon, why do scientists spare no effort to do research into it? That is because scientists are making use 6of the special

46、 gravity, 7which is onesixth that of the earth, to improve the growing of crops. It is also used for 8global(globe) communication. But some evil ones use space for military purpose. Now it 9is recognized (recognize) that the peaceful use of space is a fundamental principle. Most countries have signe

47、d agreements to prevent any country from 10producing(produce) space weapons.书面表达Step 1要点提示(黑体字部分要使用本单元所学词汇)如果我去月球旅行，我可能会有三个难题：如何呼吸、如何进食和如何四处走动。If I visited the moon, I might have three problems: how to breathe, how to eat and how to move around既然月球上没有空气，首先我要携带空气。Now that the moon has no air of its o

48、wn, I would first carry all my air with me.没有重力，因此食物会四处乱飘。There is no gravity, so the food would float around我要确保食物经过特殊加工以使我能够很容易就能吃到。(形式宾语)I would make sure that the food is specially cooked to make it possible for me to eat easily在月球上移动变得很困难。(动名词)Moving around becomes difficult on the moon.我的体重只有在

49、地球上的六分之一。(倍数句型)I would weigh onesixth of what I do on the earthStep 2表达升级(改变所给句子的结构以使表达升级)用非限制性定语从句连接句、Moving around becomes difficult on the moon，where I would weigh onesixth of what I do on the earth.Step 3衔接成文(利用恰当的过渡衔接词语连句成篇)If I visited the moon, I might have three problems: how to breathe, how

50、 to eat and how to move around. Now that the moon has no air of its own, I would first carry all my air with me. In the spaceship, there is no gravity so food would float around. Therefore, I would make sure that the food is specially cooked to make it possible for me to eat easily. Moving around becomes difficult on the moon，where I would weigh onesixth of what I do on the earth.- 13 - 版权所有高考资源网