2021届高考英语一轮（新课标通用）训练检测：专题一语法基础 考点十　名词性从句 WORD版含解析.doc

1、考点十名词性从句限时25分钟一、单句语法填空1_ she was invited to the ball made her very happy答案：That空格处引导主语从句。从句中不缺少成分，并且句意完整，因此用that引导该主语从句。2Children should be reminded of _ they should do in public places答案：what句意：应该提醒孩子们在公共场所应该做些什么。所填词引导宾语从句且在从句中作do的宾语，意为“的事情”，故用what。3Dick enjoys painting but he knows the fact _ he d

2、oesnt have what it takes to be a professional答案：that句意：迪克喜欢画画，但他知道自己没有成为一名专业画家所需要的(素质)。that引导同位语从句，说明fact的具体内容。4Success partially depends on _ you have the patience to do simple things perfectly答案：whether根据句子结构可知，设空处引导宾语从句；根据句意可判断，设空处意为“是否”，其前有介词on，故填 whether。5I lost my cell phone yesterday Can you

3、tell me _ I can buy one?答案：wherewhere引导宾语从句，且在从句中作地点状语。6It never occurred to me _ you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind答案：thatit为形式主语，真正的主语为后面的从句，从句中不缺少成分，且句意完整，因此用that。7_ breaks the law will be punished答案：Whoever句意：无论谁违法都将受到惩罚。主语从句中缺少主语，指人，并且表泛指，故用whoever。8She will give _ needs hel

4、p a warm support答案：whoever句意：凡是需要帮助的人，她都会给予热情的支持。由句意可知，应填whoever，在宾语从句中充当主语。9I have no idea _ the girl is doing in her room now答案：what句意：我不知道那个女孩现在在房间里干什么。由句意可知，应填what，在同位语从句中作宾语，且意为“的事情”。10_ is well known to everyone, I should say, is that a man becomes learned by asking questions 答案：What分析句子成分可知，主

5、语从句中缺少主语，且指事物，因此用what。11Exactly _ the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain, but it was probably around 1565答案：when句意：土豆被引入欧洲的确切时间不能确定，但很可能是1565年左右。分析句子结构可知，设空处为主语从句的引导词，从around 1565判断，这里指时间，故填when。12It shocked the world _ the United States withdrew from some major agreements it had been co

6、mmitted to, including the 2015 Paris Agreement on climate change and the 2015 Iran Nuclear Deal答案：that句意：令世界震惊的是，美国退出了它所承诺的一些主要协议，包括2015年巴黎气候变化协定和2015年伊朗核协议。此处it是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句。13I need help now! I have to fix a leaking pipe in my bathroom but Im not sure _ to begin答案：where句意：我现在需要帮助！我不得不修理洗

7、手间里一个正在漏水的管子，但是我不确定从何处着手。此处表示是管子哪里漏水，表示地点，填where。14Forty grams of meat per day is _ people should consume in order to stay fit答案：what句意：为了保持健康，人们每天应该消耗40克肉。“_ people should consume”是表语从句，该从句中，consume缺少宾语，且表示“所的东西”，故要用what引导该从句。15The famous player tried again and again after each failure Thats _ he s

8、ucceeded at last答案：why句意：每次失败后，这位著名的球员一次又一次地尝试。那就是为什么他最终成功了(的原因)。be后面的是一个表语从句，用why引导从句，表示结果，故填why。16The retired engineer is showing _ the wheelchair climbs stairs, which all the curious visitors want to know 答案：how句意：这位退休的工程师正在展示轮椅如何爬楼梯，这是所有有好奇心的游客想知道的。由句意可知，填how，意为“怎么，如何”。这是how引导的宾语从句。17It hasnt be

9、en made clear _ the new underground line is to be open to traffic答案：when句意：新的地铁线路何时开放还不清楚。由句意可知，填when。这是when引导的主语从句，it是形式主语。18The problem is _ sometimes when we are given something on a constant basis, we start to take it for granted and forget to be thankful for what we already have答案：that句意：问题是，有时

10、候当我们不断地被给予某些东西时，我们就认为这是理所当然的，从而忘记了要对我们已经拥有的东西应该心存感恩。由于从句中成分完整，因此应用that来引导，that在从句中只起连接作用，不作任何成分。 19Ten percent of life is _ happens to you and ninety percent is _ you respond to it答案：what; how句意：生活的百分之十是事件本身，另有百分之九十在于你如何回应它。分析句子结构可知，第一空引导表语从句，happens to you缺少主语，意为“什么事”，因此应用what来引导；第二空也引导表语从句，you res

11、pond to it成分齐全，因此应用how，表方式。 20After a days exhausting climb we arrived at _ we had been told was Garden in the Air答案：what句意：经过一天筋疲力尽的攀爬，我们终于到了那个被称为“空中花园”的地方。分析句子结构可知，at为介词，后面是一个宾语从句，we had been told为插入语，宾语从句中缺主语，且在句中意为“的事物(东西)”，故用what。 21Sometimes, _ we show our gratitude to a person is reflected in

12、 the kind of food we serve him or her答案：how句意：有时我们如何表达对一个人的感激之情会体现在招待他或她的食物种类上。此处用how，表方式，引导主语从句。22It remains to be seen _ this plan is practical enough to keep the project going答案：whether句意：这个计划是否足够可行来让这个工程继续下去，还有待于进一步观察。whether引导主语从句，it是形式主语。23Some summer camps can provide you with as many as ten

13、courses, and you are required to choose _ suits you best 答案：whichever句意：一些夏令营可以提供多达10门课程，你可以从中选择最适合自己的课程。choose后面是宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，且前句提到范围即as many as ten courses，故此处表示你最喜欢的任何一门，故填whichever。24It is reported that a huge percentage of bird species are in danger Its _ their habitats or homelands are disappe

14、aring 答案：because句意：据报道大部分鸟类正面临危险。这是因为它们的栖息地或家园正在消失。空格处引导表语从句。根据前后两句的关系，空格处表示因果关系，故使用because。25I just wonder _ it is that all the villagers think highly of him 答案：why句意：我就是想知道为什么所有的村民对他的评价这么高。wonder后面用why引导宾语从句。26If you leave this application form and go to another website, you will lose _ you have a

15、lready filled out on this form答案：whatever句意：如果你留下这个申请表不填，而去另一个网站，你将会丢失你在这个表格中已填好的任何东西。根据句意可知，是丢失已经填好的表格内容，用whatever引导。27_ theyve managed to get everything finished so quickly is not clear to us答案：How句意：他们是怎么如此快速地把一切做完的我们还不清楚。主语从句不缺少主语、宾语和定语，且由managed to get everything finished可知空格处是表示方式，因此填How。28A p

16、roposal was put forward at the meeting _ the new cement plant shouldnt be built near the school答案：that句意：一个建议在会上被提出来，新水泥厂不应该建在学校附近。本题考查的是同位语从句，句中的“that the new cement plant shouldnt be built near the school”解释说明名词proposal。29The most exciting moment was _ I was given the first prize答案：when句意：我最兴奋的时刻是

17、我获得第一名的时候。根据句中的“exciting moment”可知，此处是when引导的表语从句。30They are discussing the problem _ they should stop investing money in that project 答案：whether句意：他们正在讨论是否应该停止向那个项目投资的问题。分析句子结构，空格后面是一个同位语从句，解释前面“problem”的内容，根据句意，缺少表示“是否”的词，而if不能引导同位语从句，只能填whether。二、单句改错1The fact when he had not said anything surpri

18、sed me_答案：whenthat本句中含有同位语从句，解释说明The fact的内容，从句中不缺少成分，并且句意完整，故引导词用that。2That the fat boy needs is much more practice_答案：ThatWhatis前面的句子是一个主语从句，从句中缺少needs的宾语，且意为“的事物(东西)”，因此应用what。3That we can arrive there on time depends on the weather_答案：ThatWhether句意：我们是否能准时到达那里取决于天气。whether引导的主语从句可置于句首，本句中的主语从句缺乏

19、表示“是否”的连接词，故将That改为Whether。4The reason why she doesnt like me is I make her angry_答案：is后加thatis后是一个表语从句，从句中不缺少成分，并且句意完整，因此应用that。表语从句中that不能省略。“The reason why is that ”是一固定句型，意为“的原因是”。5I have been worrying about if I have hurt Marys feelings_答案：ifwhether宾语从句位于介词之后，表“是否”时，只能用whether引导，不能用if。6That sur

20、prised us most was that Tom should have left without a word_答案：ThatWhat引导主语从句并且在从句中作主语，且意为“的事情”，应用What。7Its no longer a question now that man can land on the moon_答案：thatwhether句意：现在，人类是否能登上月球已经不再是一个问题了。句中it作形式主语，真正的主语是whether引导的从句。8The real reason why I dont have a hobby is because I dont have time

21、_答案：becausethat句意：我没有爱好的真正的原因是我没时间。表语从句中不缺少成分，并且句意完整，因此应用that。The reason why is that “的原因是”。9The news they had won the game soon spread over the whole country _答案：news后加that句意：他们赢得比赛的消息很快就传遍了全国。that引导同位语从句，解释前面的news 的内容，that不能省略。10The organizers promise who wins the first prize a chance to go abroad

22、 _答案：whowhoever句意：组织者承诺无论谁获得一等奖都会有出国的机会。在题干中，promise后面跟的是一个宾语从句，who指具体的“谁”，与题意不符；whoever是“无论谁”之意，相当于anyone who，可引导宾语从句，在从句中作主语，与题意相符。 11Mary is a humorous and warmhearted woman and that is because she is a most popular person in her community_答案：becausewhy句意：玛丽是一个很幽默而且很热心的女人，这就是她为什么会成为社区里非常受欢迎的人。tha

23、t is后引导的句子作is的表语，表结果，故用why。12The question is if they will be able to help us_答案：ifwhether句意：问题是他们是否能帮我们。本句中包含表语从句，if不连接表语从句，故将if改为whether。13In the office an electrical engineer is looking through the instructions to know whether the heat system works_答案：whetherhow句意：办公室里一名电气工程师正在浏览说明书为了弄明白供热系统是如何工作的

24、。know后是一个宾语从句，连接词在从句中表示方式。根据句意可知，应将whether改为how。14I know nothing about him except he is from the south _答案：except后加thatexcept that是一个固定结构，连接宾语从句，故在except后加that。15He says the book is very interesting, and all the children love to read it _答案：and后加that动词后接有两个或者两个以上的宾语从句时，第二个以及以后的宾语从句中的that不能省略。名词性从句(一

25、)名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句四种。引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：连词：that, whether, if (在从句中均不充当任何成分)。连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whomever, which, whichever等。连接副词：when, where, how, why, whenever, wherever, however等。注意：that在名词性从句中不作任何成分，但在主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中也不能省略，在引导宾语从句时，第一个宾语从句中的that可以省略；that引导的宾语从句作介词的宾语时

26、，that不可以省略；whether和if意为“是否”，在宾语从句中可以互换使用(注意介词后面的宾语从句只能用whether引导)；在表语从句、同位语从句、主语从句且主语从句位于句首时，只能用whether。从句均用陈述语序。一、主语从句1主语从句：在复合句中充当主语成分的从句。That_he_passed_the_driving_test made us very happyWho_will_take_over_the_company has not been decided yet2为了防止一些句子头重脚轻，通常用it作形式主语。用it作形式主语的常用句型It is名词(a fact, a

27、 shame, a pity, good news ) that It is形容词(true, certain, clear ) that It is过去分词(said, reported, believed ) that It不及物动词(occurs, matters )that从句It_is_certain_that you will pass the College Entrance ExamIt_is_a_pity_that I missed the party held last nightIt_is_reported_that the accident was caused by

28、carelessnessIt_had_never_occurred_to_him_that he might be falling in love with her二、宾语从句1宾语从句：在复合句中充当宾语成分的从句。分为及物动词的宾语从句、介词的宾语从句、形容词后的宾语从句。Do you know who_has_got_the_first_prize?We are talking about whether_we_admit_students_into_our_clubI am sure I_will_pass_the_exam2it作形式宾语，常用的动词有：find, make, fee

29、l, think, consider等。I find it necessary that_we_do_some_reading_every_day3有些动词不能直接跟宾语从句，需要借助形式宾语it。常见的有like, dislike, hate, love, enjoy, appreciate等。I hate it when_people_speak_with_their_mouths_fullI would appreciate it if_you_could_stay_for_lunch4在suggest, demand, insist, order 等动词后的宾语从句中， 谓语动词要用虚

30、拟语气，即 (should)动词原形。She suggested that we (should)_not_go there for holiday限时25分钟一、单句语法填空1(北京高考)Every year, _ makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival答案：whoever句意：每年，在风筝节上，制作出最漂亮的风筝的人会赢得一份奖品。设空处引导主语从句，从句中缺少主语，且表示“无论谁”，故填whoever。2(北京高考)Jane moved aimlessly down the treelined

31、 street, not knowing _ she was heading答案：where句意：简在绿树成荫的街道上漫无目的地走着，不知道她要去哪里。设空处引导宾语从句，从句中缺少地点状语，故用where引导。3(2016北京高考)The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is _ one can be entirely free from dust答案：that句意：雨季最令人愉悦的是人们可以完全不受灰尘的烦扰。分析句子结构可知，本空需要连接词引导表语从句，连接词在从句中不作任何成分，也无任何意义，只起连接作用，故用that引导。4(江苏高考)

32、We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to $20, half of _ it used to charge答案：what句意：我们选择这家宾馆是因为这里住一晚上的价格降到了20美元，这是其过去要价的一半。设空处引导宾语从句。从句中缺少charge的宾语且表示“事物”，故用what引导。5(天津高考)She asked me _ I had returned the books to the library, and I admitted that I hadnt答案：whether/if句意：她问我是否

33、已经把书还给图书馆，我承认我还没有归还。设空处引导的是宾语从句，根据句意可知，该宾语从句要用whether/if引导，表“是否”。6(2016天津高考)The manager put forward a suggestion _ we should have an assistant There is too much work to do答案：that句意：经理提出了一条建议，我们应该有个助手。有太多的工作要做。suggestion后是同位语从句，从句的结构和句意均完整，故用that引导。7(2016北京高考)Your support is important to our work _ y

34、ou can do helps答案：Whatever句意：你的支持对于我们的工作很重要，不管你做什么都能帮助我们。分析句子结构可知，本空需要连接代词whatever引导主语从句，并在从句中作do的宾语。8(北京西城模拟)Could you give me some advice on getting a job?First, find out _ you like doing best答案：what句意：你能给我一些有关找工作的建议吗？首先要弄清楚你最喜欢做什么。“_ you like doing best”为宾语从句，该从句中缺少宾语(doing的宾语)，且设空处意为“的事”，故答案为wha

35、t。9(山西重点中学协作体模拟)My mother knew where we were at all times She knew _ our friends were答案：who/where句意：我母亲总是知道我们在哪里。她知道我们的朋友是谁/在哪里。根据句意可知，设空处在宾语从句中作表语，且表示“身份或地点”，故用who或where引导。10(河南模拟)I had no idea _ a stage manager actually did答案：what句意：我不知道舞台经理实际做些什么。“_ a stage manager actually did”为宾语从句，该从句中缺少宾语，且设空

36、处指“事物”，故用what引导。11(青岛模拟)The problem is _ we can improve our reading skills in such a short time答案：how/whether句意：问题是我们如何/是否能在这么短的时间内提升阅读技能。根据句意可知，填how/whether引导表语从句。12(安徽联考)Its my treat today Is there anything particular you would like to have?_ you choose is fine with me答案：Whatever句意：今天我请客，你有什么特别想吃的

37、吗？无论你选择什么对我来说都可以。“_ you choose”为主语从句，从句中choose缺宾语，且指“无论什么”，故用whatever。13(天津高考)When I told Sally _ happened, she covered her mouth, laughing答案：what句意：当我告诉萨里发生了什么事情的时候，她捂着嘴笑了。what引导宾语从句，作told 的宾语。14(浙江高考)Its partly true _ Dickens style of writing attracted audiences from all walks of life 答案：that句意：这一

38、点部分是真实的，即狄更斯的写作风格吸引了各行各业的人们。it是形式主语，that引导主语从句，that在从句中不作任何成分。15(浙江高考)This is _ there is a saying that if you want something done, ask a busy person to do it答案：why句意：这就是为什么有这样的一种说法，求忙人才能做成事。此处why引导表语从句。16(江苏高考)_ starts as fun usage of apps turns into tremendous pressure in real social media interact

39、ion at secondary school答案：What句意：开始中学生玩这些应用程序只是因为它们有趣，后来它们变成了一个现实社交互动中的巨大压力。what引导主语从句，且在从句中作主语。17(全国高考作业帮高考预测卷)One of my favorite sportsrelated memories was _ I was at the basketball team in high school 答案：when句意：我最喜欢的与体育有关的记忆之一就是我高中参加篮球队的时候。由句中的memories可知，应用when引导表语从句。18(四川绵阳高三考前模拟)What is concern

40、ing us greatly is _the workers held up in that area yesterday will be set free答案：when/whether句意：我们非常关心的是昨天在那个地区被抢劫的工人们什么时候/是否会被释放。此处缺表语从句的连接词且从句中不缺主语或宾语，故可用when/whether。19(安徽省皖南八校高三联考)The practical suggestion came from the representatives_ the new rule be adopted答案：that句意：来自代表们的切实可行的建议是：这项新规定应该被采纳。分

41、析句子结构可知，此处为同位语从句，说明suggestion的内容，而该从句意思非常完整，所以要用that引导。20(长春市高三二模)_ is the most important to him is not his job, but his family答案：What句意： 对于他来说最重要的不是他的工作而是他的家庭。此处what引导主语从句，且在从句中作主语。21(2020厦门一中高三模拟)His success in digital field proved _ it took to be a best CEO 答案：what句意：他在数字领域的成功证明了要想成为最好的CEO所需要的条件。

42、proved后接宾语从句。因为从句中took缺宾语，且该宾语意为“的事物(东西)”，填what。22(2020河北省保定市月考)Built over 2,200 years ago in _ is now Sichuan Province in Southwest China, this amazing engineering achievement is still used today答案：what句意：2,200多年前在现在的中国西南部的四川省，建造的这个惊人的工程至今仍在使用。what引导宾语从句，作介词in的宾语，同时在宾语从句中作主语。23(2020广东省五校高三联考)In Jap

43、an, it is recognized that the best communication is _ you dont speak at all答案：when句意：在日本，人们公认最好的交流是当你什么也不说时。根据语境可知，此处填when引导表语从句。24(北京高考)Without his support, we wouldnt be _ we are now答案：where句意： 如果没有他的支持，我们不可能取得现在的成就。分析句子是一个含蓄条件句，without引导条件，主句中是对现在的虚拟，where we are指我们所处的现状，是一个表语从句。25(北京高考)This is _

44、 my father has taught meto always face difficulties and hope for the best答案：what句意：这是我父亲已经教给我的东西：总是勇敢地面对困难并且抱最好的希望。what引导表语从句，从句中缺少taught的宾语，故填what。26(天津高考)The gold medal will be awarded to _ wins the first place in the bicycle race答案：whoever句意：无论谁获得自行车比赛第一名，金牌将授予他。分析句子可知，宾语从句中缺少主语，故用whoever，表示“任何人，

45、无论谁”。27(江苏高考)By boat is the only way to get here, which is _ we arrived 答案：how句意：乘船是到达这里唯一的途径，这就是我们如何到达的。which引导非限制性定语从句，is后面为表语从句。这里用连接副词how引导表语从句，充当方式状语，表示“如何”。 28(2020河北曲周县一中高三模拟)Id like to start my own businessthats _ Id do if I had money答案：what句意：我想自己创业，那是我有钱后要做的事。此处引导表语从句，且在从句中作do的宾语，意为“的事情”。故

46、用what。29(天津高考)The possibility _ there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired scientists to explore the outer space答案：that此处that引导同位语从句，说明possibility的内容。30(2020海南儋州一中高三统测)Today, people still come and goto see _ the Canadian gold rush happened答案：where句意：如今，人们仍然来往这里看加拿大的淘金热在哪里发生的。

47、分析句子结构可知，宾语从句中缺少地点状语，故填where。二、单句改错1(全国卷)But sometimes were not aware what cheaply we can make this food ourselves_答案：whathow句意：但是有的时候我们意识不到我们自己可以使得这种食物多么地便宜。此处修饰cheaply。用副词how。2(全国卷)The general rule is what mild zones have relatively few languages, often spoken by many people_答案：whatthat句意：通常的规则是气候

48、温暖的地区语言种类少，而说这些语言的人人数较多。that引导表语从句，在从句中不作任何成分，而what作主语，宾语或者表语。本句不缺少成分，故将what改为that。3(全国卷)Exercising makes you more awake and ready to handle whenever is ahead of you for the day_答案：wheneverwhatever句意：锻炼使得你更加清醒并且随时做好处理你所面临的困难的准备。handle后面的宾语从句中缺少主语，而whenever作时间状语，故将whenever改为whatever。 4(全国卷)That is on

49、ly evidence which traditions once existed_答案：whichthat句意：这是唯一的证据证明传统曾经存在过。that引导同位语从句，介绍前面的evidence的内容。5(北京高考)Its hard to predict why driverless cars will be everywhere on our roads_答案：whywhen句意：很难预测什么时候无人驾驶汽车会行驶在我们的道路上。when引导宾语从句，作时间状语。6(河南六市高三联考)The tour pal lost his way in the mountain; that made

50、 things worse was that it began to rain_答案：第一个thatwhat句意：这个驴友在山里迷路了，更糟糕的是开始下雨了。分析句子结构可知，本句包含两个并列分句。而第二个分句的主语为what引导的主语从句，what在主语从句中作主语。7(湖北四地高三联考)Recently the students in our school have had a heated discussion on if people should keep pets at home in cities_答案：ifwhetherif和whether都可以表示“是否”，但是介词后面的宾语

51、从句只能用whether引导，因此将if改成whether。8(河南焦作模拟)After arriving at school, I discussed with some classmates that we could do_答案：thatwhat句意：到达学校后，我和一些同学讨论我们能做点什么。本句中含有宾语从句，该从句中缺少do的宾语，且表示“事物”，故用what引导。9(2020江苏质检)The hope he may recover is not gone yet_答案：hope后加that本句中含有同位语从句，其中连接词that不能省略。10(2016全国卷)My uncle i

52、s the owner of a restaurant close to that I live_答案：thatwhere句意：我的叔叔是我住处附近的一家餐馆的老板。宾语从句中缺少地点状语，故用where引导。11(山西四校联考)What I believe its the best way to get close to nature_答案：去掉WhatI believe后为省略了that的宾语从句，what为多余成分。12(2020唐山模拟)I didnt know what one to buy because these books were all useful to me_答案：w

53、hatwhich句意：我不知道该买哪一本，因为这些书对我都有用。which指“哪一本”符合句意。13(浙江质检)You want to know that everything is going in our school_答案：thathowknow后的宾语从句中缺少方式状语，应用how。14(河南八市联考)In our life, we often regret what we did and which we couldnt do_答案：whichwhatwhat引导宾语从句，此处意为“的事情”，在从句中作do的宾语。15(2020河北调研)The question that who s

54、hould do the job requires consideration_答案：去掉thatthe question后为同位语从句，这个同位语从句是由who引导的，that为多余的连接词。名词性从句(二)三、表语从句1表语从句：在复合句中充当表语成分的从句。通常位于be动词或系动词look, seem等之后。The problem is when_we_can_get_a_pay_riseThat is what_I_want_to_tell_you2表语从句可以用as if/though 引导，意为“好像”。It looks as_if it is going to rain3beca

55、use引导的表语从句强调原因，而why引导的表语从句强调结果。Thats because_he_doesnt_understand_meHe was busy Thats why_he_didnt_attend_the_meeting4“The reason why bethat从句”结构。The_reason_why he was absent was_that_he_was_ill四、同位语从句1同位语从句：在主从复合句中，用作同位语的从句，叫同位语从句。它一般跟在某些抽象名词之后，如：fact, idea, news, promise, doubt, truth, hope, sugge

56、stion, belief等后面，用以解释说明这些名词。I have no idea when_Chaplins_film_will_be_on_againWe were very excited at the news that_our_team_had_wonThe fact that_women_can_work_as_well_as_men is clearHenry Adams made a promise that_he_would_not_open_the_letter_until_2_oclock2同位语从句与名词之间有时会被句子的其他成分隔开，形成间隔性同位语从句。Word

57、came that_our_team_had_won_the_game3that引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别：同位语从句只是说明或解释前面名词的具体内容，that在从句中只起连接作用，不充当句子成分；定语从句用来修饰限定前面的名词或代词，关系词that在从句中既起到连接作用，又在从句中充当成分。Have you heard the news that_our_team_won_the_game? (同位语从句)Have you heard the news that_was_reported_from_the_front？(定语从句)注意：whether和if引导宾语从句时大多数情况下可以通用，但其他情况下二者还是有一定的区别。下列情况下一般用whether不用if：引导主语从句且从句位于句首、表语从句、同位语从句时；引导介词或discuss的宾语从句时；与or not连用时；用在不定式前面时。