2021届高考英语二轮复习 各题型分项专练—七选五（31-45）科教科普类（含解析）.doc

1、2021高考二轮复习各题型分项专练七选五60篇（3145）科教科普类31、根据短文内容,从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Why Do We Get Angry? Anger seems simple when we are feeling it, but the causes of anger are various. Knowing these causes can make us examine our behavior, and correct bad habits. The main reasons we get angry are trigge

2、ring(触发)events, personality traits(特征), and our assessment of situations._ Triggering events for anger are so many that to describe them all would take hundreds of pages. However, here are some examples: being cut off in traffic, a deadline approaching, experiencing physical pain, and much more._The

3、 reason why someone is triggered by something and others are not is often due to ones personal history and psychological traits. Each person, no matter who they are, has psychological imbalances. People who have personality traits that connect with competitiveness and low upset tolerance are much mo

4、re likely to get angry._Also, sometimes pre-anger does not have to do with a lasting condition, but rather a temporary state before a triggering event has occurred. _Sometimes even routine occurrences become sources of pre-anger, or anger itself. Sometimes ignorance and negative (消极的) outlooks on si

5、tuations can create anger._However, anger can easily turn violent, and it is best to know the reasons for anger to appear in order to prevent its presence. With these main reasons in mind, we can evaluate our level of anger throughout the day and prevent cases of outbursts by comprehending the reaso

6、ns for our feelings.A. Our attitude and viewpoint on situations can create anger within us as well.B. But some types of situations can help us to get rid of the occurrence of anger.C. Anger is rarely looked upon as a beneficial character trait, and is usually advised to reduce it.D. Anger is a parti

7、cularly strong feeling and maybe people think that they have reasons to feel angry.E. Having these personality traits implies the pre-anger state, where anger is in the background of your mind.F. Understanding these reasons will control our own anger if we are willing to evaluate ourselves with a cr

8、itical eye.G. Not everyone acts the same in response to events, and that is why what triggers one person may or may not trigger another.32、根据短文内容,从短文后的七个选项中选出正确答案,。选项中有两项为多余选项 Much meaning can be expressed clearly with our eyes, so it is often said that eyes can speak. _.In a bus you may look at a s

9、tranger, but not for too long. And if he sensed that you are staring at him, he may feel uncomfortable. The same is true in our daily life. If you are stared at for more than necessary, you will look at yourself up and down to see if there is anything wrong with you._. Eyes do speak, right? Looking

10、too long at someone may seem to be rude and aggressive._. If a man stares at a woman for more than 10 seconds and refuses to look away from her, his intentions are obvious. He wishes to attract her attention, and let her know that he is admiring her. However, when two persons are engaged in a conver

11、sation, the speaker will only look into the listeners eyes from time to time to make sure that the listener does pay attention to what the former is speaking._.If a speaker looks at you continuously when speaking as if he trying to control you, you will feel embarrassed(尴尬). A poor liar usually expo

12、ses himself by looking too long at the victim. He wrongly believes that looking straight in the eye is a sign of honest communication._.Actually, eye contact should be made based on specific relationship and situation.A. On the contrary, it will give him away.B. Do you have such a kind of experience

13、?C. Thats what normal eye contact is all about.D. Actually, continuous eye contact is limited to lovers only.E. After all, everybody likes to be stared at for quite a long time.F. But things are different when it comes to staring at the opposite sex.G. If nothing goes wrong, you will feel annoyed at

14、 being stared at that way.33、根据短文内容,从短文后的七个选项中选出正确答案,。选项中有两项为多余选项Secret codes (密码）keep messages private. Banks, companies, and government agencies use secret codes in doing business, especially when information is sent by computer. People have used secret codes for thousands of years. Code breaking

15、never lags (落后）far behind code making. The science of creating and reading coded messages is called cryptography. There are three main types of cryptography. For example, the first letters of “My elephant eats too many eels” spell out the hidden message “Meet me.” You might represent each letter wit

16、h a number, for example. Lets number the letters of the alphabet, in order, from 1 to 26. If we substitute a number for each letter, the message “Meet me”, would read 13 5 5 20 13 5. A code uses symbols to replace words, phrases, or sentences. To read the message of a real code, you must have a code

17、 hook. For example, “bridge” might stand for “meet” and , “out” might stand for f, me. M The message “Bridge out” would actually mean “Meet me.” However, it is also hard to keep a code book secret for long. So codes must he changed frequently.A.It is very hard to break a code without the code book.B

18、.In any language, some letters are used more than others.C.Only people who know the keyword can read the message.D.As long as there have been codes，people have tried to break them.E. You can hide a message by having the first letters of each word spell it out.F. With a code book, you might write dow

19、n words that would stand for other words.G. Another way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of the alphabet.34、请从以下选项(A、B、C和D)中选出符合语境的选型,并在答题卡上将答案填写在相应位置。选项中有两项是多余选项。3 Ways to Make Responsibility FunHere are 3 great ways to teach your child responsibility while still ha

20、ving fun:Caring for a petIve heard many parents say to their kids, Now, if you get this cat, Im not going to take care of it. You have to! This is an unreasonable expectation for small children and sets them up for failure._Instead, when your child gets a pet, accept that you will have to care for t

21、he pet too. Pick two or three fun pet tasks that your child can do._If your child sees you are carefully caring for your pets, youll be teaching him how to look after them! And you wont have to do that anymore!Volunteer work for childrenChildren need volunteer jobs that use their skills and allow th

22、em to see the positive results of their actions._This can be an eye-opening experience that encourages him to help others._Many parents refuse to reward their children. But the truth is that rewards work when you encourage responsible behavior in your kid. Children under 10 usually cant understand i

23、deas like social responsibility. Older kids also benefit from rewards because the reward means that people notice their excellent behavior._So it is important to help your child grow into a healthy and responsible member of society.A. Rewards for kidsB. Live your life responsiblyC. Children love rep

24、eating the things adults do.D. Give your kid a chance to explain his actions.E. Without personal responsibility, society cant be healthy.F. Also, it teaches children that caring for pets is a difficult task.G. Volunteer work teaches your child that not everyone has the things he has.35、根据短文内容,从短文后的选

25、项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项Kids may be young and small._There are lots of easy ways to teach your kids about their responsibility to the earth.Make recycling a sorting game with your kids._Sorting teaches kids about sizes, shapes, similarities and differences. Turn recycling into a brain-building ga

26、me by setting aside all your recyclable materials.Turn off the tap when brushing teeth. Save up to 8 gallons of water a day per person simply by turning off the tap while you and your kids brush your teeth in the morning and at night!_To help young kids understand the importance of water, have them

27、think of all the ways they use clean water every day, like drinking, cooking, and bathing. If they understand the connections, they will be more likely to remember to turn off the tap while they brush their teeth._Theres probably no better way to show the wonder of nature by having your child plant

28、a seed and watch it grow. If you like, try planting flower seeds in the front yard or fruit-bearing plants in the backyard. Your family can enjoy an organic, homegrown harvest that your child can be proud of.Spend time in nature._There are many great things you can do outside like playing sports, ta

29、king your dog for a walk, going to the beach or planning an outdoor game with the neighborhood kids. Not only will the earth love your being outside, but youll feel great playing out in the fresh air!A.Plant something as a family.B.Bring homemade foods to school.C.However, they can help save the env

30、ironment!D.Think about the savings on your next water bill.E.The more we keep our earth clean, the happier we will be.F.Instead of watching TV or playing indoors, why not go outside to play?G.When children learn to sort, they are actually learning an important maths skill.36、根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的

31、最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Its natural to greet friends with a smile and a wave._But what happens if your face and body send mixed messages? Would someone be more likely to believe the look on your face or the way you hold your body? Scientists have recently tackled these questions. They found that when a pe

32、rson is looking at your face, she might not believe what she sees if your body language doesnt match the feeling that your face shows. _Previously, they had found that the tone of a persons voice can be more important than the words that are spoken. For example, most people tend not to believe a per

33、son who says in a flat voice, “Im so excited.” When it came to emotions conveyed by facial expressions and body language, most scientists suspected that the face was more important. To test if this was true, psychologists from the Netherlands and Boston showed people a number of pictures of isolated

34、(孤立的)faces and isolated bodies (with faces blurred out(模糊的) that showed anger or fear._ An angry face had low eyebrows and tight lips. A scared face had high eyebrow and a slightly open mouth._A scared body had arms forward and shoulders square, as if ready to defend. These results told the research

35、ers that mixed signals can confuse people. Even when people pay attention to the face, body language subtly(微妙地) influences which emotion they read. _If you want to be understood, it helps to avoid sending mixed messages.A. Studying such mixed messages is nothing new for scientists.B. So, your body

36、language is important for telling people how you feel.C. Scientists feel new to study the mixed message that confuses people.D. An angry body had arms back and shoulders at an angle, as if ready to fight.E. Body language can sometimes be misunderstood in different culture backgrounds.F. When you do

37、this, your face and body work together to show your friends that youre happy to see them.G. They also showed pictures in which angry or scared faces were paired with angry or scared bodies37、根据短文内容,从短文后的七个选项中选出正确答案,。选项中有两项为多余选项。Empathy Last year, researchers from the University of Michigan reported

38、that empathy, the ability to understand other people, among college students had dropped sharply over the past 10 years. Today, people spend more time alone and are less likely to join groups and clubs. Jennifer Freed, a co-director of a teen program, has another explanation. Turn on the TV, and you

39、re showered with news and reality shows full of people fighting, competing, and generally treating one another with no respect. There are good reasons not to follow those bad examples. Humans are socially related by nature. Researchers have also found that empathetic teenagers are more likely to hav

40、e high self-respect. Besides, empathy can be a cure for loneliness, sadness, anxiety, and fear. Empathy is also an indication of a good leader. In fact, Freed says, many top companies report that empathy is one of the most important things they look for in new managers. “Academics are important. But

41、 if you dont have emotional (情感的)intelligence, you wont be as successful in work or in your love life,” she says. Whats the best way to up your EQ (情商)? For starters, let down your guard and really listen to others. To really develop empathy, youd better volunteer at a nursing home or a hospital, jo

42、in a club or a team that has a diverse membership, have a “sharing circle” with your family, or spend time caring for pets at an animal shelter.A. Everyone is different, and levels of empathy differ from person to person.B. That could be because so many people have replaced face time with screen tim

43、e, the researchers said.C. “One doesnt develop empathy by having a lot of opinions and doing a lot of talking,”Freed says.D. Humans learn by example and most of the examples on it are anything but empathetic.E. Empathy is a matter of learning how to understand someone elseboth what they think and ho

44、w they feel.F. Good social skillsincluding empathyare a kind of “emotional intelligence” that will help you succeed in many areas of life.G. Having relationships with other people is an important part of being human and having empathy is decisive to those relationships.38、根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选

45、项,选项中有两项为多余选项。What is your favorite color? Do you like yellow, orange, red? _Do you prefer grays and blues? Then you are probably quiet, shy, and you would rather follow than lead. You tend to be pessimist. At least, this is what psychologists tell us, and they should know, because they have been se

46、riously studying the meaning of color preference, as well as the effect that colors have on human beings._If you happen to love brown, you did so, as soon as you opened your eyes, or at least as soon as you could see clearly._A yellow room makes most people feel more cheerful and more relaxed than a

47、 dark green one; and a red dress brings warmth and cheer to the saddest winter day._A black bridge over the Thames River, near London, used to be the scene of more suicides than any other bridge in the area -until it was repainted green . The number of suicide attempts immediately fell sharply. Perh

48、aps it would have fallen even more if the bridge had been done in pink or baby blue._It is an established fact that factory workers work better, harder, and have fewer accidents when their machines are painted orange rather than black or gray.A. On the other hand, black is depressing.B. The rooms ar

49、e painted in different colours as you like.C. Life is like a picture or a poem, full of different colours.D. Colours do influence our moods 一 there is no doubt about it.E. Light and bright colours make people happier, more active and more productive.F. If you do, you must be an optimist, a leader, o

50、r an active person who enjoys life and excitement.G. They tell us that we dont choose our favourite colour as we grow up we are bom with our preference.39、根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Teachers love to put students into teams._Why? Because they know the responsible team membe

51、rs will come through for a good grade. If you are teamed up with a student who is lazy, the worst thing you can do is let it get you down._and it might create a positive change in your partner! Try these tips for working with a slacker(懒虫). Be excited and provide a good example. Your slacker may be

52、a good person who has developed bad work habits. You may be able to teach your partner some valuable skills for a successful future. Think rewards!_For instance, you could promise to make cupcakes for the next work meeting and encourage your partner to bring a good snack. Make some time to sit with

53、your partner and establish a set of work rules and deadlines. Dont quarrel, though. Make it clear that you would like to establish rules to keep you both on track._Keep a record of your rules, your initial meetings, and your work. When it becomes obvious in the records that youre doing all the work,

54、 talk with the slacker. _A. Dont let the anger and pain defeat you.B. Come up with a great reward for meeting some goal.C. Instead, take some steps to encourage your partner to work.D. Unavoidably one or more members will try to do nothing.E. Start out by giving your partner a clear task with a dead

55、line.F. Show him/her the evidence and suggest he or she pick up the pace.G. Think about the future and the fact that you are going to be rewarded.40、根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。New research helps to explain why screaming is disturbing and useful.Screams,like those we hear in horror movi

56、es,have a special quality that separates them from other noises we make and hear. These screams are recognized by people all over the world._ “Every kid in every culture screams. Every adult in the context of a true fear responds with screams. So its just a feature of the human mind and brain”David

57、Poeppel is a neuroscientist at New York University. He wondered why screams were recognized the same way by people all around the world. So,he and his colleagues set up an experiment.They recorded screams from movies and from volunteers who took part in the research._ Instead,they measured how quick

58、ly the sounds in the scream changed in volume. It was in this area-the change in volume that screams stand apart from other sounds.When the volume of a sound changes that quickly it has a quality called roughness.“_David Poeppel and his team found that car alarms,sirens,and alarm clocks also have th

59、is quality,this roughness.”The scientists then studied how this “roughness” changed brain activity. They asked the volunteers to listen to different types of screams and alarms in an MRI scanner,The researchers found that the greater “roughness” of a sound, the more it activates the amygdala._ “The

60、amygdala acts like a gauge that says wow,this sound has a lot of roughness in it; thats particularly alarming and scary. ”Screams,it turns out,are a direct link to the part of our brain that tells us whether we should be afraid or not_.Now,we know why a scream. gets so much attention,So quickly.A.Pe

61、ople who hear these rough sounds are also more likely to react to them very quickly.B.People of all cultures and languages hear the same thing in a scream: fear.C.A scream is to say Im in trouble and I need help.D.The amygdala is an area deep in the brain that answers to fear.E.The more roughness a

62、sound has,the more worrying it isF.Screams played a very important evolutionary role in our survivalG.he scientists,however,did not measure the screams for loudness or pitch gathering within you.41、根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。In a study recently published in the journal Neuron, research

63、ers found that super memorizers dont have unusually large brain regions that allow them to remember a lot of information._Here are a few of their favorite tricks that can help to remember things in everyday life.To Remember: New words Technique: Change routine In a study, a group of students studied

64、 a list of words in two separate sessions. Some studied in a messy room and some in a neat space. One group of students spent both sessions in the same room, while the other split the sessions between the two environments. During a test, the students who studied in multiple places remembered much mo

65、re._That includes the time of day, the music in the background, whether you sit or stand, etc. To Remember: Your PINTechnique: Count it out You could use your birthday, or your phone number, but identity thieves have a way of figuring those numbers out. Then try the tip from Dominic, an eight-time W

66、orld Memory Champion. _For instance, “This is my PIN” = 4223.To Remember: Faces Technique: Focus on noses While some super memorizers specialize in associating names with faces, the memory-palace technique doesnt work as well if the image of the face is changed in any way. Rather than focusing on ey

67、es, as most people do, focus on the centre or to the left of a persons nose._To Remember: Facts & figures Technique:_To learn and remember statistics, reviewing the material repeatedly over a longer time is far more effective than repeating it in a shorter one. If your exam is in a week, study today

68、 and then again in a day or two. If its a month away, study today and then wait a week before your second session.A. Value examsB. Give yourself timeC. This allows you to take in their whole face.D. Their brain structures are in fact the same as the rest of ours.E. Write a four-word sentence, and co

69、unt the number of letters in each word.F. The theory is that your brain links the words to the environment around you.G. Another two studies also showed that changing other aspects of your environment can help.42、根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Critical(批判的)thinking is the art of using rea

70、son to analyze ideas and dig deeper to get to our true potential. It doesnt mean youre thinking harder or longer. _. Here are some tips and ideas to help you build a foundation for critical thinking. Question your assumptions. We make a lot of assumptions about almost everything. Its how our brain p

71、rocesses certain pieces of information, and how we get along in everyday life. You could say they are the foundation of our critical framework. _. Then the whole foundation needs to be rebuilt, from the bottom up. Dont take information on authority until youve investigated it yourself. Instead of do

72、uble-checking everything anyone says, we tend to label information as either coming from a trustworthy or not trustworthy source. This keeps us from double-checking every piece of information that comes our way, saving time and energy. But it also keeps us from getting to the bottom of things we thi

73、nk of as coming from a trustworthy source, even when they dont. _. Put yourself in other peoples shoes. Empathy can also help you develop your critical thinking skills. _. You may find that a little understanding facilitates a deeper insight into other people and their behavior. The deeper your insi

74、ght into yourself and others, the wiser your decisions will be. _. There is no way to learn better than learning from your friends. If you only want to be a big fish swimming in the little pond just because your ego(自负)feels good, keep this part. If you are wondering about how to develop critical sk

75、ills, make friends with smart people and throw away your ego.A. Actually, its about thinking better.B. Surround yourself with people smarter than you.C. Be someone that people know that they can count on.D. You should not judge others until you fully understand their situation.E. But what if they tu

76、rned out to be wrong, or at least not entirely truthful?F. The reason is that understanding does not always go with the right action.G. So what is published in a magazine or online doesnt mean its necessarily true.43、根据短文内容,从短文后的七个选项中选出正确答案,。选项中有两项为多余选项Every animal sleeps, but the reason for this ha

77、s remained foggy. When lab rats are not allowed to sleep, they die within a month. .One idea is that sleep helps us strengthen new memories. We know that, while awake, fresh memories are recorded by reinforcing (加强) connections between brain cells, but the memory processes that take place while we s

78、leep have been unclear.Support is growing for a theory that sleep evolved so that connections between neurons (神经元)in the brain can be weakened overnight, making room for fresh memories to form the next day. .Now we have the most direct evidence yet that he is right. The synapses in the mice taken a

79、t the end of a period of sleep were 18 per cent smaller than those taken before sleep, showing that the connections between neurons weaken while sleeping.If Tononis theory is right, it would explain why, when we miss a nights sleep, we find it harder the next day to concentrate and learn new informa

80、tion our brains may have smaller room for new experiences.Their research also suggests how we may build lasting memories over time even though the synapses become thinner. The team discovered that some synapses seem to be protected and stayed the same size. You keep what matters, Tononi says.A. We s

81、hould also try to sleep well the night before.B. Its as if the brain is preserving its most important memories.C. Similarly, when people go for a few days without sleeping, they get sick.D. The processes take place to stop our brains becoming loaded with memories.E. Thats why students do better in t

82、ests if they get a chance to sleep after learning.F. Sleep is the price we pay for learning, says Giulio Tononi, who developed the idea.G. Tononis team measured the size of these connections, or synapses, in the brains of 12 mice.44、根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。“Post-truth was chosen by

83、Oxford Dictionaries as the Word of the Year 2016. Indeed, digital misinformation is on the rise and it is hard for people to distinguish. 1._Before the dawn of the Internet, Canadians regularly turned to and trusted their preferred newspapers or radio stations for the latest news. 2. _ Its now comin

84、g at you from so many different sources(来源）that you need to take responsibility for what youve seeing.Experts recommend relying on a range of sources instead of just one, but looking into them first. 3. _ For example, the people connected, where theyre based, and their intention. A lack of informati

85、on is certainly a warning.Next, learning to recognize misinformation is important. False news spreads mostly through social media. So if youre looking at news on Facebook，you have to handle it in wiser way. 4. _ Is it from a well-informed relative or a friend who regularly expresses extreme views? A

86、nd whatever you do,only by clicking through can you see whether the information is accurate.5. _ It has no limits in achieving that goal, so it plays on feelings and uses improper language. Therefore, if you feel excited to share something immediately, thats the time you should stop and ask， “Is thi

87、s accurate?If we all take that extra little pause, well be able to stop this false thing from spreading.A.Sources that are reliable tell you about themselves.B.Fortunately, there are some simple ways to tell facts from fiction.C.Consider whos sharing it if its not posted directly from the source.D.T

88、oday 42% of them use social media at least once a day to get their news.E.Someone sets up “Hot Global News”, hoping the ad dollars would pour in.F.False news is designed to seek attention in order to sell ads or make an idea public.G.Evaluating sources and getting reliable news is important in the a

89、ge of misinformation.45、根据短文内容,从短文后的七个选项中选出正确答案,。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Many people are labeled as “sloppy(邋遢)” and “inefficient” because of messy tabletops. However, when we see the desks of Albert Einstein, Mark Twain and Zuckerbergpioneers of their timesthings might change. Obviously, the world embraces(欣然

90、接受) uniformity and order. _Those who dont keep a neat and tidy desktop can actually develop organizational skills and manage work and thoughts successfully, even while swamped in piles of books, notes and documents. Why do messy(凌乱的) desks bring creativity? Research has found people working with a m

91、essy desktop are more likely to be creative and willing to take risks, while people with a tidy one tend to follow the rules and are less likely to try new things. _ When you need new ideas and conceptions, a messy desk might be a good choice. When you want to be efficient and perform a task success

92、fully,youd better make a desk clean and tidy. Why have messy tables? _ First, it makes them comfortable. A too-tidy room can sometimes make people uncomfortable, because it seems there is no place to rest their feet. _ Messy tables can not only promote peopled creativity, but make it easier to conce

93、ntrate, just like some novelists can write patiently in a noisy caf. Third, they may be perfectionists(完美主义者). For people who strive for perfection, they usually set aside unnecessary things and perform the most urgent ones perfectly._ But no matter what kind of desk you prefer, we hope you feel com

94、fortable and enjoy it!A.Disorder can bring creativity.B.Famous people like disorder.C.It leads to paper mountains on the desktop.D.Second, it helps them concentrate more easily.E.But a messy desk might not be ideal all the time.F.Usually, there are three reasons why some people prefer a messy desk.G

95、.It also never refuses regular disorder, which seems like a mess but runs in an organized way. 答案以及解析1答案及解析：答案：F; G; E; A; D解析：这是一篇说明文。文章分析了导致人们生气的三个原因并指出如何防止愤怒爆发。1. 考查上下文理解和逻辑推理能力。上一句提到导致人们生气的三个主要原因: triggering(触发)events,personality traits(特征),our assessment of situations,下面的几段具体分析了这三个原因与生气的关系。故该句应

96、该起承上启下的作用,故F选项(如果我们愿意用批判性的目光来评估自己的话,那么了解这些原因将会控制我们的愤怒。)承上启下,故选F。2. 考查上下文理解和逻辑推理能力。该空前面两句提到引发愤怒的事件很多,例如:堵车,截止日期临近,身体疼痛等。下一句提到:某件事会激发一个人的怒气,但其他人却不会为此而生气的原因是由于个人的历史和心理特征。该空承上启下,应当提到某件事会使某些人生气,但不会使别人生气这个现象,故G选项(人们对这些事情的反应不一样,这就导致使一个人生气的事情可能会让另一个人生气,也可能不会让另一个人生气。)承上启下,故选G。3. 考查上下文理解和逻辑推理能力。上一句提到:每个人都有自己的

97、心里不平衡的地方。那些比较好强,气量比较小的人更容易生气。下一句提到:而且,有时候,pre-anger并不一定是一种持久的状态,而是一种触发事件发生前的暂时状态。该空承上启下,既要提到上一句中的那些性格特征,又要提到下一句中的pre-anger,故Having these personality traits implies the pre-anger state, where anger is in the background of your mind. (拥有这些个性特征意味着愤怒之前的状态,愤怒就在你的大脑背景中。)承上启下,故选E。4. 考查上下文理解和逻辑推理能力。下一句提到:有时

98、候,甚至常规性的事件也会变成pre-anger或恼怒的来源。有时候对这些情况的无知和负面观点会产生愤怒。该空位于段首,引出下文,故A选项(我们的对情况的态度和看法也会在我们内心产生愤怒。)是本段的主题句,概括全段内容,故选A。5. 考查上下文理解和逻辑推理能力。下一句提到:但是生气很容易转变为暴力,所以最好了解一下愤怒的原因来阻止它的存在。该句和上一句之间是转折关系,结合剩余选项可知,D选项(愤怒是一种特别强烈的感情,或许人们认为他们有理由生气。)和下文构成转折关系,故选D。点睛:七选五解题策略之一:词语复现词语复现包括原词复现和同反义词复现,及正确选项和空格前后句子有相同的词或同反义词相互呼

99、应。抓住这些复现线索,题目自然迎刃而解。在第一小题中,空前的the main reasons和G选项中的these reasons属于原词复现。第二小题空前文提到的trigger,G选项中的trigger,和空后一句中的trigger也属于原词复现。 2答案及解析：答案：B; G; F; C; A解析：本文是一篇说明文。我们的眼睛能清楚地表达很多意思,所以常说眼睛会说话。但实际上,目光接触应根据特定的关系和场合而定。1.B【解题思路】根据空后所举的在公交车上的例子可知,B项“Do you have such a kind of experience引出下文,符合语境,故选B。2. G【解题思路

100、】空前一句讲如果你被不必要地盯着,你就会上下打量自己,看看自己是不是有什么地方不对劲,G项如果(发现自己)没有什么问题的话,你会因为被那样盯着而感到生气与上文语意连贯。故选G。3.F【解题思路】空前的一句讲长时间看着某人可能是粗鲁的和具有侵略性的,但空后讲到当一个男士长时间盯着一位女士看时, 情况并非如此。故可知空处是表示一种转折:但是,当谈到盯着异性看时,情况就不同了。故选F。4. C【解题思路】空前讲说话者不时地看听者的眼睛就是为了确保听者确实在听自己说话,而空后则谈到如果一个说话者说话时一直看着你,好像是在试图控制你,你就会觉得不舒服。故可知空处应起到承上启下的作用,C项(这就是正常的目

101、光接触) 符合语境。故选C。5. A【解题思路】本段空前的一句说一个说谎的人错误地认为直视眼睹是真诚交流的一个标志,而此处则进一步说明其认识的错误性。故选A。 3答案及解析：答案：DEGFA解析：1. D【解题思路】根据后面-句Code breaking never lags(落后）far behind code making 可知，此空该选D(只要有密码的存在，人们就会试图去破解它们）。2.E 【解题思路】根据后一句 “For example, the first letters of My elephant eats too many eels spell out the hidden m

102、essage Meet me.”可知，此空该选E(你可以拼写每个单词的第一个字母来隐藏信息）。3.G【解题思路】上一段介绍了第一种密码类型，本段介绍的是第二种类型，再根据空后的内容可知，空处选G(另外一种隐藏信息的方式是用符号来代表字母表中的特定字母）。4. F【解题思路】由前一句中的a book和空后的 “bridge might stand for. me. ”可知，此空该选F(有了密码书，你就可 以写下代表其他单词的单词）。5. A【解题思路】本段介绍的是密码书，根据空后的转折可知，此处该选A(没有密码书是很难破解密码的）。 4答案及解析：答案：1. F2. C3. G4. A5. E解

103、析： 1. 我不打算照顾它,由后面 You have to(你必须)可知。故选:F。2. 孩子们喜欢重复成年人做的事,由后面 If your child sees you are carefully caring for your pets, youll be teaching him how to look after them(如果你的孩子看到你精心照顾宠物,你会教他如何照顾他们)可知。故选:C。3. 这个经历鼓励他去帮助别人。由前面 volunteer work(志愿者工作)可知。故选:G。4. 许多父母拒绝奖励孩子们。由后面 the truth is that rewards work

104、 when you encourage responsible behavior in your kid(当你鼓励孩子做出有责任的行为时,奖励就会起作用)可知。故选:A。5.没有个人的责任社会就不可能健康。由 So it is important to help your child grow into a healthy and responsible member of society(因此,帮助你的孩子成长为一个健康和负责任的社会成员是很重要的)可知。故选:E。 5答案及解析：答案：C; G; D; A; F解析：1.本句与前一句形成转折关系，孩子虽然还小，但他们一样可以保护环境。2.本

105、句对下文作铺垫，说明孩子学会分类就是学习一项重要的教学技能。3.本句对上文的叙述作进一步解释，说明节约水的好处：节约钱。4.本句概述了本段的内容，即一家人一起种植东西。5.本句解释了标题句，作者建议孩子不要在室内看电视或玩耍，要出去玩。 6答案及解析：答案：F; A; G; D; B解析：一般情况下我们的面部表情和肢体语言会传达我们的内心所想,但是如果你传递给别人一些不明确的信息,对方可能很难理解。文章告诉我们,在实际交流中,表达尽量不要模棱两可。1.F 根据下文“But what happens if your face and body send mixed messages?” 可知,这

106、里谈到面部表情和肢体语言也会传递不明确的信息,句中出现了but表示这里有转折之意,上文应该谈到,一般情况下,你的面部表情和肢体语言会告诉你的朋友你很高兴见到他们,故选F项。2.A 根据下文“Previously,they had found that the tone of a persons voice can be more important. ”可知,很早之前就有人发现说话的语气可能比本身说的话更加能够表达说话者的心情,故上文提出,对于科学家来说,这不是什么新发现。故选A项。3.G该题目需根据句式相同原则。根据上文“To test if this was true, psycholog

107、ists from the Netherlands and Boston showed .”可知,心理学家给人们看了很多单独的面部表情和肢体语言的照片,而由G项中“They also showed .可知,心理学家还给人看了生气或惊恐的面部表情和生气或惊恐的肢体语言相匹配的一些照片,这样做是为了形成对比,得出结论。故选G项。4.D 根据下文提到“A scared body had arms forward and shoulders square, as if ready to defend. ”,可知上文应该谈到愤怒的肢体语是怎样的,故选D项。5.B 根据最后一句“And if you wa

108、nt to be understood,it helps to avoid sending mixed messages. ”可知,如果你想要别人 能够懂你,尽量不要向对方传递一些不明确的信息,故上文告诉我们,你的肢体语言对于你告诉别人你的感觉很重要。故选B项。 7答案及解析：答案：BDGFC解析：密歇根大学的研究者发现,在过去的十年里大学生的同情心严重下滑。本文阐述了同情心减少的原因,同情心的重要性以及如何培养人的同情心。1.B 由空处前文讲到密歇根大学的研究者发观大学生的同情心在过去的十年里严重减少,那么既然是调查研究就会阐述原因, B项中的because是关键词。故B项符合语境。2.D

109、由空处前文Freed对这一问题的解释,可知人们在电视上经常会看到打架、 竞争或是人与人相互不尊重的现象,因此容易效仿。故D项正确。3. G空处前句表明人类本质的社会化,而空处要对前句进行举例说明。人类本质社会化比较重要的表现就是与他人建立关系,同情则对这些关系起到了决定性的作用。因此,两句有很强的逻辑关系。故G项符合题意。4.F 根据空处前文“Empathy is also an indication of a good leader. ”,即同情是很多大公司甄选经理的标准之一,由此可知同情也是一种社会技能,可以帮助你在生活的很多领域获得成功。故F项符合题意。 5.C空处前句讲到培养同情心就要

110、放下戒备真正聆听别人。那么反过来,有很多人只顾着自己的观点,很难培养同情心,由此可判断空处是对前句的补充。故C项符合题意。 8答案及解析：答案：F; G; D; A; E解析：颜色的关系紧密。我们对某种颜色和人的偏爱是与生俱来的.不同的颜色对我们的影响是不同的。暖色调让人更快乐,更积极,工作效率更高。冷色调让人悲观、压抑。全文介绍颜色和性格的关系。F项与上文中的”Do you like yellow?相呼应,且与下文中的quiet, shy,and you would rather follow than lead形成对比。根据空后的” as soon as you opened your e

111、yes,or at least as soon as you could see clearlyn 可知,我们对某种颜色的喜爱是与生俱来的。故G项符合语境。根据空后的叙述可知,颜色影响人的心情。D项总领下文,是下文的主题句。上文说暖色调让人快乐和放松,下文用事例说明了黑色给人带来的不利影响,故此处选A(另一方面,黑色令人沮丧),此句起承上启下的作用。根据下文可知,暖色调的机器比冷色调的机器使工人工作更好,事故更少。E项呼应下文。 9答案及解析：答案：D; C; B; E; F解析：语篇解读本文介绍了三种应对团队中不积极的成员的做法1.D过渡句。由空后信息“因为他们知道负责任的团队成员会付出更多

112、来获得好成绩”可知,本句中的他们指的是那些懒惰者,故D项(不可避免地,一个或多个成员将试图不做任何事)与之匹配。2.C 过渡句。由空后信息 it might make a positive difference to your partner判断,此空信息应为做一些积极的事情,来改变你懒散的同伴,故 C 项信息 take some stepsto encourage your partner to work 与之匹配.3.B细节句。本段标题为Think about rewards“思考奖励” .B项信息 Come up with a great reward 与之匹配。解题关键词:reward

113、。4. E 细节句。本段的标題信息 establish a set of work rules and deadlines 表明,要给懒惰的同伴设定一套工作规定和最后期限,E项信息giving your partner a clear task with a deadline(给你的同伴一个明确的有最后期限的任务)与之匹配.解题关键词:Usk, deadline.5.F细节句。由空前内容可知,当你发现自己在做全部的工作时,你要和你懒散的同伴谈话。由此可知,F项信息与之匹配,即向他/她展示证据,并建议他/她跟上步伐. 10答案及解析：答案：1. B2. G3. E4. D5. A解析：1.第一段

114、提到世界各地的人们都能听出恐怖电影中的尖叫声。设空处后说来自不同文化背景的孩子会尖叫，成人在真正的恐惧中也会尖叫，故B项符合语境。2.设空处下一句说Instead, they measured how quickly the sounds in the scream changed in volume.设空处应该提到研究人员没有测设的内容。故选G项。3.设空处前的 When the volume of a sound changes that quickly it has a quality called roughness.和空后的 David Poeppel and his team fo

115、und that car alarms, sirens, and alarm clocks also have this quality, this roughness.都是在谈论roughness，设空处应与之相关，故选E项。4.前文谈到研究发现，声音粗糙度越大，声音对扁桃体区域刺激越大，下文提到扁桃体的反应是对于恐惧的测量仪器，因此这里应该说明什么是amygdala，故选D项。5.此处总结尖叫声与大脑中辨別害怕与否的区域相关，听到这些粗糙声音的人们更可能会快速地做出反应。 11答案及解析：答案：1.客观填空 D2.客观填空 G3.客观填空 E4.客观填空 C5.客观填空 B解析： 1.D【

116、命题立意】考查考生对上下文顺承关系的理解能力。【试题解析】根据上文“In a study recently published in the journal Neuron, researchers found that super memorizers dont have unusually large brain regions that allow them to remember a lot of information.”,此处应选择既能承接上文又可引出下文的句子。故答案为D。2.G【命题立意】考查考生对上下文顺承关系的理解能力。【试题解析】根据上下文逻辑关系,上文中说变换环境的学生单

117、词记忆的更多,下文中又说包括学习的时间,学习时播放的背景音乐甚至坐着还是站着都会影响记忆效率。故答案为G。研究显示改变学习环境的其他因素也有作用。3.E【命题立意】考查考生对上下文顺承关系的理解能力。【试题解析】根据上文所说你可以试一试曾是8届记忆大赛冠军的Dominic的建议,即写下1句四个词的话,然后将每个词的字母数组成小型密码呼应可知答案为E。4.C【命题立意】考查考生对段落总结句的概括能力。【试题解析】根据 “focus on the centre or to the left of a persons nose. ”,通过上下文逻辑关系可知注意人脸的中心或鼻子的左侧部分,能让你很快记

118、住整张脸。故此处答案为C。5.B【命题立意】考查考生对主题句的概括能力。【试题解析】从本段主题句“To learn and remember statistics, reviewing the material repeatedly over a longer time is far more effective than repeating it in a shorter one. ”为了记住数据,长时间内反复的复习材料要比在短时间内重复有效得多。因此此处应该选B。 12答案及解析：答案：A; E; G; D; B解析：本文为说明文。批判性思维是一种运用理性分析思想、深入挖掘以达到真正潜能的

119、艺术。这是更好地思考。文中介绍了一些帮助你建立批判性思维基础的技巧和想法:勇于质疑、会移情,为他人着想、与聪明的人相处等。考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。本段是对批判性思维的定义。批判性思维是一种运用理性分析思想、深入挖掘以达到真正潜能的艺术。接着进行解释:这并不是你思考的更久或更长。那是什么呢?”而是.”。分析选项,选项A(而是关于更好的思考)。不是.而是.,正是一种常用的解释,因此A项符合题意。考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。第二段最后一句“Then the whole foundation needs to be rebuilt, from the bottom up.” 那么整个基

120、础就需要自下而上重建。由此可推断“如果是错误的就是重建”。分析选项,E项(但是如果他们被证明是错误的,或者至少不是完全真实的呢?)与后面的整个基础就需要重建是互为条件。故选E项。考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。本段的意思是说除非你亲自调查过,否则不要把权威性的信息带进来。因为我们无法都仔细检查每件事,所以权威性的东西并不非一定是值得信赖,并非是真的。分析选项可知,只在G项(所以杂志或网络上发表的内容并不意味着这是真的。)的意思与之相符,因为杂志上发表的东西相对是权威性的。故G与本段意思相一致。考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。本段的中心为:设身处地为别人着想即移情还可以帮助你培养批判性思维的

121、技能。因为一点点理解就有助于深入了解他们。你理解他人越深,你做出的决定或判断就越明智。分析选项,可知D选项选中的动词understand与本段中的名词understanding,选项中的judge评判与本段中decisions决定,判断是词义的复现。而其句意: “不理解别人时不要评价别人”,与本段意思相一致。因此D项符合题意,故选D。考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。根据空后内容:跟你身边的聪明的人学习是最好的办法,如果你想变得更聪明,那就不要自负,要与聪明的人交朋友,总之就是要与聪明的人在一起。本小题是对本段的总结,分析选项可知B项(和比你更聪明的在一起)符合题意。 13答案及解析：答案：C

122、EFGB解析：1. 【解题思路】考查前后句的连贯。所有的动物都睡觉，但其原因仍然是谜。当实验室的老鼠不被允许睡觉时，它们一个月内就死了。同样，人类如果连续几天不睡觉，就会生病。所以C项 正确。2. 【解题思路】考查前后句的连贯。第二段首句指出一个观点，即睡眠帮助人们巩固新的记忆。而E项则支持该观点，其中 That指代的就是睡眠帮助巩固新的记忆这一观点。所以E项正确。3. 【解题思路】考查前后句的连贯。空前讲，睡眠会为第二天的新记忆腾出空间，且由第四段第一句中的人称代词he可知，F项正确。4. 【解题思路】考查前后句的连贯。空前讲，有最直接的证据证明Tononi的观点是对的，而空后的内容介绍了实

123、验结果，故可推知空处应是介绍了 Tononi做的相关实验，故G项正确。5. 【解题思路】考查前后句的连贯。根据空前的关键词protected, stayed以及空后的keep, matters可知，B项正确。 14答案及解析：答案：1-5:BDACF解析：1. B结合语境看，上文提到网络假信息越来越多，而且人们很难分辨出来，下文提到了分辨假信息的方法，因此B项 “幸好有一些简单的方法来辨别真伪”最能起到承上启下的作用。2.D上文说到以前加拿大人获得消息的来源，D项说到现在一些加拿大人获得消息的来源，D项中的them指代上文 的Canadians，且上文的for the latest news和

124、D项中的to get their news呼应。3.A上文提到专家推荐选择多个信息来源，A项中的Sources呼应上文的sources且下文对A项 “可靠的信息来源会告诉你一些自身的信息中的身的信息”进行了列举，故 A项符合语境。4.C 下文的” Is it from a well-informed relative. . views中的代词it与C项中的it”指代的都是上文提到的脸书上的新闻，并且C项中的who”与下文的问题呼应，因此选C。5.F F 项False news is designed to. public与下文的为了达到那样的目的，虚假消息没有底线形成一个完整的信息链，下文的g

125、oal” 指代F项中的to sell ads or make an idea public 。 15答案及解析：答案：GEFDC解析：这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了凌乱的桌面可以带来创造力。1.G【解析】由上下文语境可知,空处的上一句是说“秩序和统一为这个世界所包容”。而下一段则是说有些人在杂乱的环境中也能游刃有余。故空处应是起承上启下的作用,所以选G项。2.E【解析】由下文的when引导的从句可知,此处是在解释两种情况。 故E项(但是凌乱的桌面并不总是最佳选择)符合此处的语境。3.F【解析】分析上下文可知,此空是在冋答上文的“Why have messy tables?”,且从下面的三个问题可知答案为F项。4. D【解析】由上一段的first与下一段的third可知,这一段是在讲述第二个原因。故D项符合此处的语境。5. C【解析】由上文“努力达到完美的人通常会把不重要的事情先放在一边然后去完成最重要的事情”可知,C项“这会导致桌面上的文件堆积如山”符合语境。