2021届高考英语二轮复习专项解密学案:03代词 WORD版含解析.doc
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1、解密03 代词序号题型真题Part 1解密高考考点综述 备考建议Part 2对点解密考点精准说1. 真题对点析1. 对点模拟练1.Part 3强化集训真题模测、典题模测Part 1解密高考【考点综述】高考对代词的考查,主要集中在it和人称代词的用法,主要在语法填空和短文改错中考查。近五年代词的考查点集中在不定代词上,考查角度有两个:一是考查它们相互间的意义和功能差别,如: all, everything 和anything 等的意义差别,it, that 和one 不同的指代功能;二是它们之间语法牲的差异,如it (代词) 和which (关系代词) 的区别。 试题注重情景干扰,注重了特定语言
2、环境中上下文的联系,而且题干的语义结构越来越复杂,正确分析其结构、理解句意在解题中起着很重要的作用。 高考对代词的考查将继续沿着两条主线前进; 加强语境的真实性和复杂性。 加强对语义较丰富、语法较复杂的不定代词的考查。【备考建议】英语中代词的相关知识庞杂,代词在语言使用中又极力频繁,所以,代词的用法看似简单,其实不易。建议考生认真对待代词,不可掉以轻心。 首先要从整体上把握代词的知识,如代词种类的划分,了解各类代词的一般用法。更重要的是,根据上面所介绍的高考考查热点,更重点掌握几组易混词,尤其是不定代词间的用法区别。解题规律如下:1. 明确指代在解答代词题目时,我们应首先分析前后文,明确代词所
3、指代的对象,从而避免误判。具体说来应从以下几方面考虑: (1)代词指代的对象是人还是物,与上文出现的人或物是同一个还是同一类; (2)代词指代的对象是可数名词还是不可数名词; (3)代词指代的是特指还是泛指概念。 2.理清逻辑需要通过分析上下文所蕴涵的逻辑关系才能做出正确判断。具体说来应从以下方面去考虑: (1)代词指代的概念是表示两者之间还是三者或三者以上; (2) 代词表示的是全部否定还是部分否定。Part 2对点解密【考点精准说】1-人称、物主、反身、指示和疑问代词(一)1. 人称代词指代的数量前后要一致。The students must be made to understand h
4、ow important each subject is to them.2. 句中没有谓语动词,人称代词要用宾格。The town is so beautiful!I just love it. Me too.3. 在than, as后用主格、宾格都可以。Im taller than she/her. Im as tall as she/her. 4. 在作表语时,用宾格较多。Who is knocking at the door? Its me.(二)物主代词1. 名词性物主代词形容词性物主代词名词。Look at the two pencils. The red one is your
5、pencil, the blue one is mine. (minemy pencil)2. 形容词性物主代词不与a/an, any, this, that, these, some, several, no, each, another等词连用。3. 当形容词性物主代词与all和both连用时,必须放在all和both之后。Anyway, I cant cheat himits against all my principles.(三)反身代词1. 作宾语时,常用在介词for, of, in, between, among或动词后。You shouldnt leave the child
6、at home by himself.One should not live only for oneself.含有反身代词的习惯用语有:seat oneself;behave oneself;enjoy oneself;come to oneself;devote oneself to;adapt oneself to; accustom oneself to。2. 作表语、同位语用于be, feel, seem, look等后,作表语,表示身体处于正常状态;作同位语时,主要用于加强名词的语气, 可紧跟在名词后面或位于句尾。Im not myself today. The thing its
7、elf is not important.(四)指示代词this, that, these, those, such, so1. this/these指在时间或空间上较近的人或事物;this还可以指下文将要谈到的人或物。2. that/those指在时间或空间上较远的人或事物;that还可以指上文提到过的人或物。3. such指代前面所叙述的人或事物。作主语时,谓语动词的单复数取决于后面的名词或代词的数。4. so代替一个句子或短语所表达的内容,意为“如此,这样”。在believe, think, expect, suppose, imagine, guess等词后用so代替前文提出的观点。T
8、his apple pie is too sweet, dont you think so?Such is the power of the TV that it can make a person suddenly famous.one, ones, that, those与it作替代词时的区别1. one替代上文单数可数名词,表泛指,同类不同一,相当于“a/an单数名词”。The train was crowded so we decided to catch a later one.2. ones替代上文出现的名词复数,表泛指,同类不同一。3. that替代上文出现的单数可数名词或不可数
9、名词,表特指,同类不同一,相当于“the单数可数名词/不可数名词”。一般不和冠词连用,其后总有修饰语。His own experience was different from that of his friends. 4. those是that的复数形式。替代上文出现的复数名词(尤其是有后置定语时),表特指,同类不同一。The books on the desk are better than those/the ones under the desk.5. it替代上文提到的“同一”事物。I love the springit is a wonderful time of the year
10、. (五)疑问代词1. whatever, whichever, whoever, whomever分别是what, which, who, whom的强调形式,表示说话人的惊讶、愤慨、困惑等感情色彩。Whatever can you mean? Whoever thought up that joke?3. 四个特殊短语What for.?为何?What if.?要是会怎么样?What/How about.?怎么样?(表示征求意见,常接动名词),So what?那又怎样?【真题对点析】11.(2018新课标卷II短文改错)As kid, I loved to watch cartoons,
11、but no matter how many times I asked to them, my parents would not let me. They would say to us that playing card games would help my brain.【答案】us改为me【解析】句意:他们会对我说玩纸牌有助于大脑。偷换人称代词,是对“我”说,前面提到的I,而不是we。故把us改为me。2. (2018新课标卷III语法填空)When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find _
12、68_(they) alive.【答案】them【解析】此处做find 的宾语,所以用宾格them。3. 1. (2016四川) The mother continued to care for the young panda (for) more than two years. By that time, the panda no longer needed 48 (it) mother for food.【答案】its 【解析】句意:小熊猫不再需要妈妈的食物。修饰名词要用形容词性物主代词,故填its。4. (2016全国卷乙卷) On my recent visit, I held a l
13、ively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by (it) mother.【答案】its【解析】考查代词。由语境及后面的名词mother可知,此空应该填it的形容词性物主代词its。5. (2016全国卷乙卷) Instead, he hopes that our business will grow steadily. 【答案】ourhis【解析】由语境及主语he可知,此处指的是他的公司,故将our改为his才合乎语境。6.(2018新课标卷III短文改错)Some of us were confident and eager take
14、 part in the class activity, others were nervous and anxious. I had done homework but I was shy.【答案】myself改为my/the【解析】句意:我已经完成了自己的作业。表示“我的”用my不用myself,或改为定冠词the也可以。7. (2016全国卷卷) At first, I thought I knew everything and could make decisions bu yourself. 【答案】yourselfmyself【解析】由【对点模拟练】11. Those who sm
15、oke heavily should remind _of health, the bad smell and the feelings of other people.A. theirs B. them C. themselves D. oneself【答案】C【解析】句意:那些烟瘾很大的人应该提醒自己注意健康,难闻的气味以及他人的感受。remind oneself of sth.提醒自己当心某事。句子主语是those,故选择C项。【考点精准说】2-不定代词(一)none, nobody/no one, nothing1. none既可指人也可指物,多与表示范围的介词of连用;与数量有关,可
16、回答how many或how much类的问句,表示“一个也没有”。My brother would like to buy a good watch but none was available from that shop. 2. nobody/no one不能与of连用,只能指人,表示“什么人也没有”,可回答who引导的疑问句。Nobody can be good at something for 40 years if he doesnt love it. 3. nothing表示“什么也没有”,用来否定一切,可回答what引导的疑问句。(二)another, other, the o
17、ther, others, the others1. another指三者或三者以上中的任何一个,用作代词或形容词。Recycling is one way to protect the environment; reusing is another. 2. other不能单独使用,只能修饰名词,表示泛指意义。3. the other指“两者中的另一个”,常与one连用,构成one.the other.表示“一个另一个”;作定语修饰复数名词时,表示“全部其余的”。I have two books; one is English, and the other is French.4. other
18、s单独使用,表示泛指意义,意为“其他的人或事物”,常与some一起出现;特指“其他的全部人或事物”时用the others。In some countries, people eat with chopsticks, while in others, knives and forks. (三)either, both, neither, all, none, anyeither肯定意义 表示“两者中的一个”,作主语时,谓语动词常用单数both 肯定意义表示“两者都”,作主语时,谓语动词用复数neither否定意义 表示“两者都不”,作主语时,谓语动词常用单数all肯定意义 作主语时,谓语动词的
19、人称和数应与all所指代的人或事物保持一致none 否定意义 作主语后接复数名词时,谓语动词可用单数也可用复数;后接不可数名词时,谓语动词用单数any肯定意义 作主语时,谓语动词用单复数均可,常与of连用Shed lived in London and Manchester, but she liked neither and moved to Cambridge.Niki is always full of ideas, but none is useful to my knowledge. All horses are animals, but not all animals are ho
20、rses.注意:1. both, all与not连用表示部分否定;表示全部否定应用neither, none。2. 区分 the other和the rest of:the other只能修饰可数单数名词或复数名词;the rest of既可以修饰复数名词,又可修饰不可数名词。(四)复合不定代词的特殊用法1. anything but 根本不;nothing but仅仅,只不过;something like大约,类似;anything like完全像,全然。They can get something like 3,000 a year.2. somebody有时有“重要人物”之意,nobod
21、y则指“小人物,无名之辈”。She rose from being nobody to become a superstar. She thinks shes really somebody in that car.3. something of a/an颇有几分,堪称。He is something of a book collector.4. anywhere between大约I think Mrs Stark could be anywhere between 50 and 60 years of age.【真题对点析】21. (2016浙江)In many ways, the edu
22、cation system in the US is not very different from _ in the UK.A. that B. this C. one D. it【答案】A【解析】句意:在很多方面,美国的教育体系和英国的教育体系不太相同。指代上文的名词education system,是同类不同物,用that,而且后面有介词短语作后置定语。this表示近指,one泛指可数名词单数,it特指上文提到的名词。故选A。2.(2018新课标卷I短文改错) The first time I went there, they were living in a small house w
23、ith dogs, ducks, and another animals.【答案】another改为other【解析】他们住在一个小房子里,院子里有狗、鸭子和其他牲畜。根据句意可知,将another改成other。3.(2017全国卷)However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using 67every day.【答案】it【解析】根据上文“the railway quickly”可知,此处用it代替the railw
24、ay。4.(2017全国卷短文改错)Mr. and Mrs. Zhang all work in our school. 【答案】all both或者all去掉【解析】因为主语是两个人,所以用both表示两者都,而all则表示三者或三者以上的全部。此处将all去掉也可以。【对点模拟练】21. Usually there might be a lot of accidents in the heavy fog. I happened to witness _ this morning. A. itB. those C. one D. that 【答案】C【解析】句意:通常在大雾天会有很多事故。今
25、天早上我碰巧目击了一起事故。根据语境可知,此处指上句提到的一起交通事故,故用one代替。即C项正确。 2. I like this house with a beautiful garden in front, but I dont have enough money to buy _. A. one B. it C. this D. that【答案】B【解析】it=the house with a beautiful garden in front。句意:我很喜欢屋前有一个美丽花园的这栋房子,但是我没有足够的钱去把它买下来。3. The meeting will be held in Sep
26、tember, but _ knows the date for sure.A. everybody B. nobody C. anybody D. somebody【答案】B【解析】句意:会议将在九月份举行,但是没有人知道确切日期。根据两句话之间的并列连词but可知,前后语意是转折关系,虽然都知道是在九月份,但是没有人知道具体的日期。4. Niki is always full of ideas, but _ is useful to my knowledge. A. nothingB. no one C. neither D. none【答案】D【解析】句意:Niki总是有各种想法,但没有
27、一个对我的认知有帮助。nothing泛指什么东西都没有;no one泛指没有人;neither指的是两者都不;none则特指没有特定的人或物,范围是三者或三者以上。语境中full of ideas指的是三者或三者以上,因此none符合题意,故选D。5. When shall I call, in the morning or afternoon? _. Ill be in all day.【答案】Either【解析】句意:“我该什么时间给你打电话,早上还是下午?”“都可以,我一整天都在家。”上句提到了两个时间,故可用both, either, neither。在根据“一整天都在家”可知,两个时
28、间中的那个时间来都可以。【考点精准说】3-it用法(一)it作人称代词1. it 作人称代词可以指事物或人。it 指人时,主要用于指性别不明的婴儿或用于确认某人的身份。Is it a boy or a girl? There is a knock on the door. It must be the postman. 注意:在答语中,常用来指本人,如:Its me。2. it 还可用于代替指示代词this, that 以及复合不定代词 something, anything, nothing等。Whats this? Its a new machine.(二)it作非人称代词1. 指时间、距
29、离、天气、日期、温度等。It rained all day yesterday. Its early spring, but it is already hot.2. 用于一些固定句型中。Its time for sb. to do sth. 某人该做某事了。Its (about/high) timethat. 该是时候了(从句谓语用过去式或“should动词原形”)Its first/second. timethat. 某人第几次做某事(从句谓语用现在完成时)Its时间段since. 自从有一段时间了Its时间段before. 过多长的时间才3. it作形式主语或形式宾语,代替不定式、动名词
30、、主语从句或宾语从句。It is no use crying spilt milk. We think it necessary to combine theory with practice.常用it作形式主语或形式宾语的句式有:It is a pity/a shame/no wonder that. 真可惜/丢人/难怪It seems/appears/happens that. 似乎/看来/碰巧It looks/seems as if/though. 看起来好像It occurs to/strikes/hits sb. that. 某人突然想起It is said/reported/bel
31、ieved/suggested that. 据说/据报道/人们认为/人们建议It takes sb. some time to do sth. 做某事花费某人多长时间It is no use/good doing sth. 做某事没有用/好处make it clear that. 清楚表明.主语表示情感倾向的动词(enjoy, prefer, love, like, hate, dislike, appreciate, rely on, see to等)itthat/if/when.4. 用于强调句型“It is/was被强调部分that/who其他部分”。It was David who/t
32、hat bought a cellphone from a store nearby yesterday.It was from a store nearby that David bought a cellphone yesterday.注意:如果把句子的It is/was和that/who去掉,剩余部分仍然是一个完整的句子,则可判断该句为强调句。【真题对点析】31.(2018浙江卷语法填空)Many westerners 57 (who/that) come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they real
33、ize how cheap 58 can be to eat out.【答案】it【解析】考查it用法。句子为感叹句,正常语序应该是it can be cheap to eat out.其中不定式to eat out是真正主语,用it 是形式主语。故填it。2.(2017天津卷)It was when I got back to my apartment _ I first came across my new neighbors.A. who B. where C. which D. that【答案】D【解析】句意:当我回到我的公寓的时候,我首先遇见了我的新邻居。根据关键词It was开头,
34、后面连词首选that,构成强调句型,但需要验证,本句中去掉It was 和that,句意完整,所以确定是强调句型。故选D。3. (2016天津卷)You are waiting at a wrong place. It is at the hotel _ the coach picks up tourists. A. whoB. whichC. whereD. that【答案】D【解析】句意:你在一个错误的地方等待。大客车是在旅店接送游客的。使用强调句,结构是:It is/was+强调部分+that+其余部分,如果强调部分是人,也可以用who,这句话强调的是地点状语at the hotel。故
35、选D。4. (2015浙江)How would you like if you were watching your favorite TV program and someone came into the room and just shut it off without asking you? A. them B. one C. those D. it【答案】D【解析】句意:当你正在看一个你喜欢的节目时,突然有个人进来,一声不吭地关掉电视,你会怎么想?It作形式宾语,指代If后面的句子。该句涉及到了一个疑问句,一个条件状语从句(if)和两个并列句(and)。这当时应该先把它转化为陈述句y
36、ou would like_.分析句子结构知道like之后缺少一个宾语,需要一个宾格代词充当,所以答案选it。5.(2015天津)The quality of education in this small school is better than _ in some larger schools.A. thatB. oneC. itD. this【答案】A【解析】句意:这所小学校的教育质量要好于一些大学校。句中代词代指不可数名词the quality of education,故用代词that。代词it和one都代指可数名词单数。故选A。【对点模拟练】31. “Made in China
37、2025” aims to transform China from a product-making factory into a product-making power, _ driven by innovation and emphasizing quality over quantity.A. the one that B. one thatC. one D. the one【答案】C【解析】考查代词的用法。one表示泛指,相当于“a(an)+名词”,代替的是同类事物中的“一个”;that表示特指,相当于“the+名词”;代词one= a/ an +n处one=a product-m
38、aking power;而_driven by innovation and emphasizes quality over quantity中driven by 只是一个非谓语短语(be driven by 被驱使)作定语,因此不需要连词引导。所以排除A、 B。one表示泛指,相当于“the+名词”可以排除D。句意:“2025中国制造”的目标是把中国从一个产品制造工厂变成一个产品制造大国,一个以创新为导向、强调质量而不是数量的大国。故选C。2Young people should be independent, and dont take _ for granted that you can
39、 depend on your parents when in trouble. A.oneB.itC.thisD.that【答案】B【解析】考查代词。句意为:年轻人应该独立,不能把遇到困难就依靠父母当作理所当然的事情。take it for granted that.是固定句型,表示“认为理所当然”。 3He didnt make _ clear when and where the sports meet would be held. A.thisB.itC.thatD.one【答案】B【解析】考查it的用法。句意:他没有弄清楚运动会将于何时何地举行。A.this代指下文的情况;B.it形
40、式主语或形式宾语,代指句中真正主语或宾语;C.that代指上文的情况;D.one代指上文的可数名词单数。句中it为形式宾语,clear是宾补,真正宾语是when and where the sports meet would be held,故选B。Part 3强化集训【真题模测】一单句语法填空/改错1.【2020全国新课标I】Data about the moons composition, such as how much ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether 70 (it) plans f
41、or a future lunar (月球的) base are practical.2.【2020全国新课标I改错】Not that way, my mom tried to stop us but failed. 3.【2020全国新课标2改错】Best of luck with yours learning kung fu in China.4.【2020全国新课标3改错】But he insists on us eating healthy food. 5.(2019新课标卷III短文改错)In the cafe, customers will enjoy yourselves in
42、the historical environment is created for them.6.(2018新课标卷III短文改错)Some of us were confident and eager take part in the class activity, others were nervous and anxious. I had done myself homework but I was shy.7.(2017新课标卷短文改错)Mr. and Mrs. Zhang all work in our school. 8.【2020全国新课标I】Data about the moo
43、ns composition, such as how much ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether 70 (it) plans for a future lunar (月球的) base are practical.9.(2018浙江卷语法填空)Many westerners 57 (who/that) come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap 58 can be
44、to eat out.10.(2017新课标卷)However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using 67every day.【答案】1. 70its考查代词。句意同上。根据空后的名词plans可知,此处应使用形容词性物主代词its,故填its。2.us改为me。考查代词。句意:“不是那样。”我的妈妈尽力阻止我,但是失败了。根据上文可知,是作者一个人做菜,此处指妈妈尽力阻止“我”,应使用第一人称单数的宾格,故将us改为
45、me。2. yoursyour / you考查代词。句意:祝你在中国学习功夫好运。分析句子,best luck of you 译为“祝你好运”是固定短语。故将your改为you。/句中的yours为名词性物主代词,不可修饰后面的动名词。故将yours改为your。4.考查代词。句意:但是她坚持让我们吃健康的食物。文中指“我的妈妈”,是女性,所以he改成she。5.yourselves改为 themselves【解析】考查代词的用法。customers是句子的主语,故把 yourselves改为 themselves。6.myself改为my/the【解析】句意:我已经完成了自己的作业。表示“我
46、的”用my不用myself,或改为定冠词the也可以。7.因为主语是两个人,所以用both表示两者都,而all则表示三者或三者以上的全部。此处将all去掉也可以。8.考查代词。句意同上。根据空后的名词plans可知,此处应使用形容词性物主代词its,故填its。9.it考查it用法。句子为感叹句,正常语序应该是it can be cheap to eat out.其中不定式to eat out是真正主语,用it 是形式主语。故填it。10.it根据上文“the railway quickly”可知,此处用it代替the railway。 二单项选择1(2020江苏高考真题)This actor
47、 often has the first two tricks planned before performing, and then goes for _.AwhicheverBwheneverCwhereverDwhatever2(2019天津高考真题)A study shows the students who are engaged in after-school activities are happier than _who are not.AonesBthoseCtheseDthem3(2018天津高考真题)Professional skills are tools like a
48、 knife or a hammer. You need _ to complete the things you want to do.AitBthatCthemDones4(2015重庆高考真题)The meeting will be held in September, but _ knows the date for sure.AeverybodyBnobodyCanybodyDsomebody5(2014山东高考真题)(2014山东)Susan made_ clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself.Athat
49、BthisCitDher6(2014四川高考真题)Shed lived in London and Manchester, but she liked _ and moved to Cambridge.AbothBneitherCnoneDeither7(2014浙江高考真题)An average of just 18.75cm of rain fell last year, making _ the driest year since Californiabecame a state in 1850.AeachBitCthisDone8(2013天津高考真题)At our factory t
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